多普勒天气雷达三维可视化分析平台设计与实现

为方便气象业务人员多角度观察雷达回波细节和空间分布情况,本文提出并实现了一个跨平台访问的可交互操作的多普勒天气雷达三维可视化分析平台。首先根据雷达基数据特点提出相邻梯形柱体间隔划分四面体的三维可视化算法,基于B/S模式进行三维可视化分析平台整体架构与设计,最终采用HTML的Canvas技术和WebGL技术实现基于Web的雷达回波的二维、三维可视化显示。试验结果表明,多普勒天气雷达三维可视化分析平台具有良好的三维可视化效果和较好交互式可视化体验,为气象工作者提供了一种有效的雷达回波分析工具。     

天山两麓一次极端暴雪天气多尺度配置特征及机制分析

利用自动站小时监测资料、常规与加密观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料（0.25°×0.25°）、FY-2G卫星相当黑体亮温（TBB）资料，分析2017年2月19日至20日天山两麓的极端暴雪天气过程。结果表明: （1）此次过程发生在500 hPa南欧脊衰退、乌拉尔低槽与中亚偏南低槽先结合、后分段东移进入的环流背景下，天山北麓暴雪高低空系统呈典型后倾结构，天山南麓暴雪形势为典型“东西夹攻”型。（2）影响天山北麓暴雪的低空西北急流和影响天山南麓暴雪的低空偏东急流均为冷湿气流，西北急流风速的增大比雪强的增强提早12h左右，偏东急流比降雪提前6h出现。（3）主要水汽通道在850～400 hPa，水汽通量进入新疆后，850～700 hPa偏西水汽输送强于600～400 hPa西南水汽输送，水汽辐合主要在850～700 hPa。（4）乌鲁木齐降雪前位势不稳定性加强，沙雅降雪前有明显对流不稳定，两暴雪中心均有地形强迫强化产生并维持的中尺度垂直上升支和次级环流圈，而沙雅系统性动力作用小于乌鲁木齐的。（6）中尺度云团是造成天山两麓暴雪产生的最直接的影响系统。     

大气扰动分解技术在副高边缘大暴雨落区精细化分析中的应用

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts， ECMWF）再分析资料，基于大气扰动分解技术，对2012年7月华北东部两次副高边缘大暴雨事件进行扰动分析。结果表明：边界层及对流层低层扰动辐合中心与副高边缘大暴雨中心有较好地对应关系；扰动锋区和扰动比湿大值区（4 g·kg^-1）叠加的区域与大暴雨落区相对应，与切变线类暴雨不同，副高边缘暴雨中心并不是出现在冷暖空气対峙扰动（0 ℃线）的位置，而是发生在扰动锋区内的暖区一侧（扰动温度0 ℃以南）；两次过程均存在自南向北的水汽通道，且水汽在输送过程中不断得到抬升，大暴雨落区对应的扰动水汽通量散度中心分别达到-6.8×10^-8g·cm^-2·hPa^-1·s^-1和-11.9×10^-8g·cm^-2·hPa^-1·s^-1，为大暴雨的形成提供了较好地水汽条件。     

黄土高原植被物候对季节性干旱的敏感性响应

在全球变暖的背景下,干旱事件发生频率和强度的增加导致陆地生态系统中植被多样性发生重大变化,研究植被物候对季节性干旱的响应对保护黄土高原的生态系统具有重要意义.基于MODIS遥感归一化植被指数(MODIS NDVI:MOD13Q1)数据及降水和气温逐月格点数据,采用岭回归分析方法,探讨黄土高原植被物候对季节性干旱的敏感性...     

关中盆地沣西地区地热对井采灌开发模式的数值模拟

热储回灌是地热资源可持续利用、避免环境污染的有效措施。在进行地热开发之前科学合理的规划采灌井井位布局,有利于延长地热井的使用年限。关中盆地是新生代拉张性断陷盆地,地热资源开采利用历史悠久。沣西地区位于关中盆地腹地,地下5000m深度范围内有5个含水热储层,自上而下分别为第四系下更新统三门组(600~960m)、新近系上新统张家坡组(960~1920m)、新近系上新统蓝田-灞河组(1920~2900m)、新近系中新统高陵群(2900~3800m)和古近系渐新统白鹿塬组(3800~5000m)。本文依据水文地质、地球物理等资料,建立了研究区三维地质模型,采用有限元模拟软件FEFLOW对目前开采最多的蓝田-灞河组热储层在不同对井采灌开发模式下同层采灌时渗流场及温度场的变化进行了模拟计算。结果表明:1)以30年为系统设计寿命,为确保抽水井和回灌井有水力联系又不发生明显的热突破,抽、灌井井间距以500~600m为宜;2)采灌对井的布置以抽水井位于天然径流流场的上游方向、回灌井位于天然径流流场的下游方向为佳;3)如果设计合理,采灌过程中回灌尾水温度对抽水井出水温度的影响可以得到有效控制;4)恰当实施地热尾水回灌,同时按照实际需求调节抽水井与回灌井的采灌量,可实现地热资源的可持续开采利用。上述结果为合理开发利用研究区地热资源提供了依据。     

Metallogenic controls on the granite-related W–Sn deposits in the Hunan–Jiangxi region,China: evidence from zircon trace element geochemistry

The Nanling Range in South China is well known for its rich granite-related W–Sn deposits. To elucidate the controls of different granite-related W–Sn metallogenesis in the region, we chose five representative ore-related granites (Yanbei, Mikengshan, Tieshanlong, Qianlishan, and Yaogangxian intrusions) in the Hunan–Jiangxi region, and studied their magmatic zircon ages and trace element geochemistry. Our new zircon data showed the differences in ages, temperatures and oxygen fugacity of the ore-forming magmas. Zircon U–Pb ages of the Yanbei and Mikengshan intrusions are characterized by 142.4 ± 2.4 and 143.0 ± 2.3 Ma, respectively, whereas the Tieshanlong and Qianlishan intrusions are 159.5 ± 2.3 and 153.2 ± 3.3 Ma, respectively. The Sn-related intrusions were younger than the W-related intrusions. The Ti-in-zircon thermometry showed that there was no systematic difference between the Sn-related Yanbei (680–744 °C) and Mikengshan (697–763 °C) intrusions and the W-related Tieshanlong (730–800 °C), Qianlishan (690–755 °C) and Yaogangxian (686–751 °C) intrusions. However, the zircon Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios of the Yanbei (averaged at 18.3) and Mikengshan (averaged at 18.8) intrusions are lower than those of the Tieshanlong (averaged at 36.9), Qianlishan (averaged at 38.4) and Yaogangxian (averaged at 37) intrusions, indicating that the Sn-related granitic magmas might have lower oxygen fugacities than those of the W-related. This can be explained by that, in more reduced magmas, Sn is more soluble than W and thus is more enriched in the residual melt to form Sn mineralization. The difference in source materials between the Sn-related and the W-related granites seems to have contributed to the different redox conditions of the melts.

     

国土调查与地理国情数据对比分析方法研究

地理国情监测和国土调查都属于不同角度的国情国力调查,对两者数据进行挖掘具有积极的意义.通过对两者的分类、数据等方面进行分析,基于分类语义的异同性,提出了覆盖两者全部数据分类的对比分析方法,对数据差异性分析方法及主要原因进行了介绍,并建立了操作流程.通过该对比分析方法形成的数据及分析结果可为进一步挖掘及应用数据提供可靠的...     

Comparison of three models to estimate evapotranspiration for a temperate mixed forest

Forest evapotranspiration is one of the main components in the regional water budget. A comparison between measured and estimated eddy covariance (EC) data, considering the Katerji–Perrier (KP), Todorovic (TD) and Priestley–Taylor (PT) actual evapotranspiration methods, was carried out. These models, relying on more easily obtainable data, are valuable when long‐term direct measurements are not available. The objective of this paper is to compare the effectivity of these three models. In this paper, experimental data were obtained within the temperate mixed forest of broad‐leaved and coniferous trees of the Changbai Mountains in northeastern China during the growing seasons of 2003 to 2005. The KP method gave the most effective values for half‐hourly and daily evapotranspiration computed by summing up half‐hourly estimates, and the TD method overestimated evapotranspiration by about 30%. The diurnal courses of estimated and measured evapotranspiration showed bell curves, similar to that of net radiation, except for a slight increase at about 14:30 solar time due to a peak value of vapour pressure deficit (VPD). For the case of daily evapotranspiration using daily mean micrometeorological variables, the PT method presented the closest values to the measurements. Accuracy of estimation related to VPD negatively (especially for VPD > 1·5 kPa). The KP parameters, considered to be vegetation dependent, were a = 0·545 and b = 1·31 at the experimental site. A constant PT parameter (α = 1·18) was applied to estimated evapotranspiration. Daily values of α responded to VPD (negatively) more strongly than to soil moisture (positively) in this forest. The experiment showed the inherent limits and advantages of the three methods. The KP method, a semi‐empirical approach, was preferred to estimate half‐hourly evapotranspiration. The TD method was a mechanistic approach to estimate reference evapotranspiration and always overestimated actual evapotranspiration. The PT method, being site dependent and the simplest approach, was effective enough to estimate large time‐scale (at least daily) evapotranspiration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

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