Study on Seismic Damage to Buildings from the 2016 Hutubi MS6.2 Earthquake

Based on the field investigation of the building types and damage caused to them by the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake on December 8, 2016, we analyzed the damage characteristics and causes for different types of buildings. In conclusion we put forward some suggestions for the restoration and reconstruction in the earthquake affected area in future.     

湘西合仁坪钠长石-石英脉型金矿床围岩蚀变及质量平衡

湘西柳林汊一带钠长石-石英脉型金矿十分发育。为了揭示该区金矿的成矿物质来源、成矿过程及成矿流体信息,对该区最典型的合仁坪钠长石-石英脉型金矿床围岩蚀变特征进行研究,并利用标准化Isocon图解法,对围岩蚀变过程中物质带入、带出进行质量平衡计算。结果表明:合仁坪金矿床的围岩蚀变主要包括绢云母化(褪色化)、黄铁矿化和绿泥石化,其中褪色化分布最为广泛,是该区金矿床最重要的蚀变类型;在合仁坪金矿床形成过程中,围岩中的Al2O3为惰性组分,Na2O、Sr、V、Cr、W、Nb、Th及部分挥发分(S、CO2和H2O)等组分被带入围岩中,而SiO2、Fe2O3、K2O、CaO、MgO、Cu、As、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Sb、Li、Rb、Ba等组分从围岩中迁出;轻稀土元素的迁出程度远远大于重稀土元素,围岩蚀变过程中轻、重稀土元素发生强烈的分异;矿脉中钠长石的钠质并非来自赋矿围岩,而是由成矿流体从外界带入的;矿脉石英中硅质则部分来自赋矿围岩。     

海面溢油无人机高光谱遥感检测与厚度估算方法

海上溢油是海洋国家所面临的共同问题,但至今仍没有一种可靠实用的海上溢油准确识别和油量遥感监测方法。为此,本文以无人机高光谱遥感为手段,开展了海面溢油检测与厚度估算方法研究。实验中,通过搭建室外大型水槽溢油实验装置,获取了模拟真实海洋环境条件下不同溢油量的遥感和现场光谱数据,在此基础上,分析并提取了海上溢油特征光谱波段,给出了海上溢油高光谱检测模型;针对现场实验条件下水面油膜厚度难以测定的问题,设计了3种利用总体溢油量的油膜厚度估算模型。得到如下主要结论:（1）675 nm和699 nm是海上溢油检测的有效特征波段,但对极薄的油膜没有检测能力;（2）提出了归一化溢油指数模型、反比例模型和吸收基线模型等3种海上溢油油膜厚度估算模型,其中对于薄油膜（厚度≤ 5 μm）和厚油膜（厚度>50 μm）,反比例模型是溢油厚度反演的首选也是唯一选择。对于中厚度油膜,晴朗天气条件下,归一化溢油指数模型是油膜厚度反演的首选,同时反比例模型和溢油吸收基线模型也都有较好的反演能力,而在多云天气条件下,反比例模型效果最佳。     

变分原理和非线性Lyapunov稳定性判据

本文通过构造斜压大气运动的原始方程模式和两层模式的Hamilton守恒量及积分不变的Casimir泛函,并使用变分法,得到了斜压大气运动的非线性Lyapunov稳定性判据,这个判据是Arnold-Blumen-Zeng判据的推广。     

滇西菲红超基性岩风化壳铂族元素地球化学行为

近年来在世界不同地区进行了风化过程中铂族元素的地球化学行为研究。作为中国西南部的第一个实例，本文研究了云南西部菲红超基性岩体上发育的红土风化剖面。矿物学和微量元素地球化学研究证明该风化壳是超基性岩风化的结果。文中详细讨论了风化壳的地质、矿物学、红土化和铂族元素地球化学特征。结果表明，风化壳的红土化程度不高，仍处于红色粘土阶段；风化壳上部的表层土壤带和铁质粘土带中铂族元素总量至少富集了3．57－7．87倍，其中Ru和Pd的富集程度较大,Ir的富集程度中等，Pt和Rh的富集程度较小，使得铂族元素的配分模式由基岩的Pt富集型转变为风化壳的Ru-Pt富集型，证明红土化过程中铂族元素发生了分异。     

渤海湾盆地东营凹陷碎屑流主控型深水体系沉积过程及模式

【研究目的】碎屑流是深水环境沉积物搬运和分散的重要机制,其相关的砂岩储层是含油气盆地重要的勘探目标,然而,与经典浊流及浊积系统相比,对碎屑流主控型深水体系的发育规律目前仍知之甚少。【研究方法】本文基于岩心、测井及全三维地震资料,通过系统的岩心观察描述、测井及地震资料解释,对渤海湾盆地东营凹陷始新统沙三中亚段深水体系沉积过程及模式开展研究。【研究结果】结果表明,沙三中深水体系发育九种异地搬运岩相,可概括为四大成因类型,反映了块体及流体两种搬运过程。岩相定量统计表明,该深水体系主要由碎屑流沉积构成,浊流沉积很少,碎屑流中又以砂质碎屑流为主。重力流在搬运过程中经历了滑动、滑塌、砂质碎屑流、泥质碎屑流及浊流等5个阶段演变,发育5类主要的深水沉积单元,包括滑动体、滑塌体、碎屑流水道、碎屑流朵体及浊积薄层砂。从发育规模及储层物性上,砂质碎屑流水道、朵体及砂质滑动体构成了本区最重要的深水储层类型。【结论】认为沙三中时期充足的物源供给、三角洲前缘高沉积速率、断陷期频繁的断层活动以及较短的搬运距离是碎屑流主控型深水体系形成及演化的主控因素,最终基于沉积过程、沉积样式及盆地地貌特征综合建立了碎屑流主控型深水体系沉积模式。本研究将进一步丰富深水沉积理论,为陆相深水储层预测提供借鉴。     

高精度GPS观测及其在福建东南沿海地壳形变研究中的应用

对福建东南沿海ＧＰＳ地壳形变监测网的两期观测资料的处理方法及其精度进行了深入讨论,并根据复测资料的对比,对该地区现今地壳运动的基本特征进行了初步的分析。结果表明两期ＧＰＳ观测资料经严密处理后其基线重复性精度优于１０－ ８,高程分量的精度固定误差小于７ｍ ｍ ,比例误差优于１０－ ８,满足了研究该地区现今地壳运动的基本需要。利用统一处理后的两期ＧＰＳ观测结果获得了该地区现今地壳运动的基本图象,表明该地区相对于全球ＩＴＲＦ框架整体呈南东东向运动,台湾和福建沿海大陆相对运动是北西向压缩。这个结果和本地区北西向主压应力的构造应力场状态一致。ＧＰＳ测区范围内测点的相对运动表明测网所跨越的北东、北东东向断裂呈右旋走滑趋势,其活动量为毫米。     

Precipitation variability assessment of northeast China: Songhua River basin

Variability in precipitation is critical for the management of water resources. In this study, the research entropy base concept was applied to investigate spatial and temporal variability of the precipitation during 1964–2013 in the Songhua River basin of Heilongjiang Province in China. Sample entropy was applied on precipitation data on a monthly, seasonally, annually, decade scale and the number of rainy days for each selected station. Intensity entropy and apportionment entropy were used to calculate the variability over individual year and decade, respectively. Subsequently, Spearman’s Rho and Mann–Kendall tests were applied to observe for trends in the precipitation time series. The statistics of sample disorder index showed that the precipitation during February (mean 1.09, max. 1.26 and min. 0.80), April (mean 1.12, max. 1.29 and min. 0.99) and July (mean 1.10, max. 1.20 and min. 0.98) contributed significantly higher than those of other months. Overall, the contribution of the winter season was considerably high with a standard deviation of 0.10. The precipitation variability on decade basis was observed to increase from decade 1964–1973 and 1994–2003 with a mean value of decadal apportionment disorder index 0.023 and 0.053, respectively. In addition, the Mann–Kendall test value (1.90) showed a significant positive trend only at the Shangzhi station.     

基于空间填充曲线排列码划分的并行缓冲区算法

缓冲区计算是地理信息系统空间分析的基本功能之一。在矢量缓冲区研究方面,以往大多聚焦缓冲区生成算法,这些优化方法在单机计算环境中针对大规模空间数量数据的计算效率提升是有限的,因而需要并行环境下的改进方法来进一步破解计算瓶颈。本文基于Map Reduce计算模型和分布式内存计算框架,提出了一种基于空间填充曲线排列码划分的并行缓冲区分析算法(SPBM),基于空间填充曲线编码进行数据排序和范围划分,对跨越网格的数据采用近似切分方法,在考虑负载均衡的前提下对任务并行分解,之后按照给定深度的"树状"方式进行结果合并。本文在单机和集群两种环境下利用实际道路网等数据进行了实验。同等环境下,相较于目前流行的GIS软件——QGIS和Post GIS计算性能提升明显,相较于现有其他并行优化方法效率提升超过50%。这样的优化分析方法对于GIS中其他矢量分析算法的并行算法也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Influence of white spot syndrome virus infection on hepatopancreas gene expression of ‘Huanghai No. 2’ shrimp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fenneropenaeus chinensis</Emphasis>)

To elucidate the molecular response of shrimp hepatopancreas to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, microarray was applied to investigate the differentially expressed genes in the hepatopancreas of ‘Huanghai No. 2’ (Fenneropenaeus chinensis). A total of 59137 unigenes were designed onto a custom-made 60K Agilent chip. After infection, the gene expression profiles in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp with a lower viral load at early (48–96 h), peak (168–192 h) and late (264–288 h) infection phases were analyzed. Of 18704 differentially expressed genes, 6412 were annotated. In total, 5453 differentially expressed genes (1916 annotated) expressed at all three phases, and most of the annotated were either up- or down-regulated continuously. These genes function diversely in, for example, immune response, cytoskeletal system, signal transduction, stress resistance, protein synthesis and processing, metabolism among others. Some of the immune-related genes, including antilipopolysaccharide factor, Kazal-type proteinase inhibitor, C-type lectin and serine protease encoding genes, were up-regulated after WSSV infection. These genes have been reported to be involved in the anti-WSSV responses. The expression of genes related to the cytoskeletal system, including β-actin and myosin but without tubulin genes, were down-regulated after WSSV infection. Astakine was found for the first time in the WSSV-infected F. chinensis. To further confirm the expression of differentially expressed genes, quantitative real-time PCR was performed to test the expression of eight randomly selected genes and verified the reliability and accuracy of the microarray expression analysis. The data will provide valuable information to understanding the immune mechanism of shrimp’s response to WSSV.