南极罗斯海域AUV海洋调查试验

在介绍罗斯海海洋环境概况的基础上,分析了AUV在南极罗斯海海洋调查试验,利用AUV调查数据分析了试验海域0~60m水体的温度、盐度、溶解氧、水质浊度等特征。调查数据表明:试验海域温度向下缓慢较小,盐度向下逐渐增加,溶解氧呈3段结构,水质浊度较低,验证了南极AUV调查方式具有较强的应用价值,数据分析结果具有一定的科学意义。     

香蒲、灯心草人工湿地的研究——Ⅰ.净化污水的效果

本文研究了种植香蒲Ｔｙｐｈａ ａｎｇｕｓｔｉｆｏｌｉａ或灯心草Ｊｕｎｃｕｓ ｅｆｆｕｓｕｓ的人工湿地对城镇污水和人工不污染物的净化效果,调查了香蒲,灯心草不同季节的生长差异及高浓度污水冲击负荷对其生长的影响。香蒲,灯心草人工湿地净化城镇污水,出水水质总体上达到国家Ⅱ,Ⅲ类地面水标准,灯心草湿地对人工污水中凯氏氮,总磷,化学耗氧量地去除率维持在９４％以上,氨氮的去除率为８２．７％－９９．７％;在正常     

伊朗库姆大桥大口径基桩孔钻进工艺

介绍了在伊朗库姆大桥工地利用泵吸反循环冲洗一次成孔工艺,施工大口径基桩孔的技术问题,包括埋设护筒、移机定位、对鱼尾导向和燕尾导向刮刀钻头镶焊角度的改进和变换泵轴密封材料等,提高了成孔效率和质量。      

Continuous land cover change monitoring in the remote sensing big data era

<正>Since the late 20th century,global change issues have attracted lots of attention.As a key component of global changes,land cover and land use information has been increasingly important for improved understanding of global environmental changes and feedbacks between social and environmental systems(Verburg et al.,2015).A set of national and global scale land cover/use products with higher spatial and temporal resolutions have been developed to fill this gap.In China,existing efforts include China’s National     

Importance Profiles for Water Vapor

Motivated by the scientific desire to align observations with quantities of physical interest, we survey how scalar importance functions depend on vertically resolved water vapor. Definitions of importance begin from familiar examples of water mass I ^m and TOA clear-sky outgoing longwave flux I ^OLR, in order to establish notation and illustrate graphically how the sensitivity profile or “kernel” depends on whether specific humidity S, relative humidity R, or ln(R) are used as measures of vapor. Then, new results on the sensitivity of convective activity I ^con to vapor (with implied knock-on effects such as weather prediction skill) are presented. In radiative-convective equilibrium, organized (line-like) convection is much more sensitive to moisture than scattered isotropic convection, but it exists in a drier mean state. The lesson for natural convection may be that organized convection is less susceptible to dryness and can survive and propagate into regions unfavorable for disorganized convection. This counterintuitive interpretive conclusion, with respect to the narrow numerical result behind it, highlights the importance of clarity about what is held constant at what values in sensitivity or susceptibility kernels. Finally, the sensitivities of observable radiance signals I ^sig for passive remote sensing are considered. While the accuracy of R in the lower free troposphere is crucial for the physical importance scalars, this layer is unfortunately the most difficult to isolate with passive remote sensing: In high emissivity channels, water vapor signals come from too high in the atmosphere (for satellites) or too low (for surface radiometers), while low emissivity channels have poor altitude discrimination and (in the case of satellites) are contaminated by surface emissions. For these reasons, active ranging (LiDAR) is the preferred observing strategy.     

云县地震台DSQ水管倾斜仪与VP垂直摆观测资料对比分析

云县地震台架设DSQ水管倾斜仪和VP垂直摆2套数字化地倾斜观测仪器,2套仪器的结构和原理差别较大,但观测的物理量一致。本文从数据完整率、内在精度、年变幅度、相关性、形态特征等角度出发,对数据进行对比分析,结果表明:2套仪器稳定性均较强,数据完整率较高,且地倾斜变化规律一致,均能反映监测区域大地倾斜变化特征,年变趋势受降雨干扰明显。     

危机矿山深部及其外围盲矿预测的化探新方法及其最佳组合

文章全面总结了国内外在找盲矿或隐伏矿方面的化探新方法、新技术研究成果,论述了各种方法的特点、用于盲矿或隐伏矿预测的有效性及其应用条件,在此基础上,提出了在危机矿山深部及其外围进行盲矿或隐伏矿定位预测的化探最佳方法及在不同条件下的最佳方法组合.     

降雨侵蚀力对露天矿排土场边坡水土流失的影响研究

降雨侵蚀力反应降雨引起的土壤侵蚀潜在能力,是水土保持研究中的主要指标之一。以露天煤矿排土场不同覆盖类型边坡为研究对象,分析了日降雨侵蚀力与边坡侵蚀的关系。结果表明,从控制坡面径流深来看,降雨侵蚀力的作用受到了乔灌草和灌草配置的显著影响,其产生的坡面径流仅为对照区的42.9%和52.6%。从控制坡面侵蚀量来看,三种植物配置措施都具有显著减少功能,土壤侵蚀量仅为对照区的2.3%~6.7%。降雨侵蚀力与边坡水土流失量存在线性正相关,其中坡面径流深对降雨侵蚀力的响应快于土壤侵蚀量。     

Reconstruction of nearshore chemical conditions in the Mesoproterozoic: evidence from red and grey beds of the Yangzhuang formation,North China Craton

ABSTRACT

Mesoproterozoic red beds near ancient coasts have not aroused extensive interest. A new geochemical study of the alternating red and grey dolostones from the Yangzhuang Formation provides a better understanding of the redox conditions of nearshore sedimentary environments. In this contribution, whole-rock samples are characterized by positive correlations of rare earth elements (REE) vs. Th and Fe_T vs. Th and flat-type REE distribution patterns, indicating massive terrigenous input, which is considered to be inherited from felsic rocks. Relatively high (Fe_mag+Fe_ox)/Fe_T and Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ ratios in red beds indicate more oxidized conditions in supratidal environments compared with the lower oxygen contents in intertidal environments. Under these two distinct chemical sedimentary conditions, acetic acid-leached red and grey samples both have HREE-depleted distributions, suggesting significant freshwater invasion. Moreover, limited terrigenous redox-sensitive elements (RSEs) can reach the coast where the red beds are deposited, whereas relatively high RSE enrichment factors originating from shallow oceans are recorded in grey beds. In the Mesoproterozoic, limited oxidative weathering, shallow seawater desalination, and low organic production occurred near the coast. Meanwhile, a prolonged period of low Mo and U availability preserved in carbonate minerals confirmed that marine oxygen levels failed to satisfy the deposition of offshore red beds. During the regression, potentially exposed sediments connected to atmospheric oxygen guaranteed the oxidation of iron and the formation of red beds, and these events were coupled with negative δ¹³C_carb shifts in the Yanliao rift zone.     

赣南离子吸附型稀土矿区土壤重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评价

稀土矿的露天开采易造成土壤重金属污染等环境问题。已有研究表明赣南离子吸附型稀土矿区土壤存在以Cd、Pb为主的轻、中度重金属污染。常见环境质量评价以主要污染因子(如重金属总量)作为衡量污染程度的指标,仅能反映重金属的富集程度。为查明赣南稀土矿区土壤重金属的赋存状态、迁移能力以及生物有效性,本文在利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定土壤重金属各形态含量的基础上,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法及RAC风险评价法对赣南稀土矿区土壤重金属的生态风险进行评价。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤重金属主要以残渣态存在,占总量的65.5%。(2)土壤样品中Cd、Pb含量平均值分别是江西省土壤背景值的1.72倍和2.14倍;流域内位于矿山下游河流沿岸农田土壤Cd的平均值、尾矿库附近农田Pb的平均值分别是土壤背景值的2.33倍和3.06倍,22.7%样品的Cd或Pb含量超过风险筛选值,其中可交换态所占比例仅次于残渣态,分别占总量的47.1%和13.5%。(3)地累积指数与潜在生态风险评价结果表明Cd、Pb累积程度及生态风险水平较高,Co、Ni、Cu、Zn较低;RAC风险评价结果显示Cd生态风险较高,Co、Zn、Pb生态风险中等,Cu、Ni生态风险低。(4)针对矿区农田土壤的三种评价方法各有侧重,其评价结果异中有同,均表明研究区土壤Cd具有较高的污染程度和迁移活性,生态风险较高。本研究结果将为识别稀土矿周边农田土壤的潜在环境风险,提出有效的防范、应急与减缓措施提供科学依据。