基于红外光谱技术的区域矿物格架及地层划分研究——以北羌塘盆地玛曲地区侏罗统雀莫错组为例

厘清岩芯中的矿物的主要成分及其含量对地层划分等地质研究具有重要作用。笔者等利用红外光谱反射技术对北羌塘盆地玛曲地区内QZ16井雀莫错组岩芯进行矿物的定性—半定量识别研究,分析其矿物组合特征和岩性对应关系,最后结合层序地层学等结果,通过多种矿物的相对含量曲线对侏罗系雀莫错组地层开展精细划分。结果显示红外光谱反射技术能够识别矿物种类及获得其相对含量信息,对岩性识别具有良好的指示意义。石英、石膏、黏土矿物和碳酸盐矿物的相对含量值具有明显的三段式结构,与雀莫错组的雀一段、雀二段、雀三段具有良好的对应关系。且根据测试结果将雀莫错组的三段进一步划分成雀一段：雀一¹、雀一²、雀一³。雀二段：雀二¹、雀二²。雀三段：雀三¹、雀三²、雀三³,共计8个小层。并进一步识别出对应的沉积亚相特征,由下至上依次为冲洪积—河道沉积—河漫滩—咸化潟湖—淡化潟湖—前三角洲—三角洲前缘—前三角洲。本次测试结果表明,红外光谱技术在大批量、大尺度岩芯扫...     

基于抗干扰天线的远近效应抑制技术

分析了抗远近效应的目标——提高远近距离比,深入地总结了已有的解决方案及其优缺点,然后提出了利用自适应抗干扰天线来抗远近效应的方案,并搭建了半实物仿真平台。最后,通过实验证明这种结合抗干扰天线的方案有效提高了远近距离比,扩大了伪卫星增强系统的覆盖范围。     

秦山核电站邻近水域的基本水文特征

文章根据1989年4、7、10月和1990年1月在秦山核电站邻近水域获得的水文观测资料,对该区域中海水温度、盐度、浊度、水色和透明度以及潮汐、潮流等要素的分布和变化特征进行了较为详尽的分析,为进一步了解该水域的基本水文状况和海水运动的基本规律提供了重要依据。     

浙江沿海风暴潮灾害及其减灾对策

本文描述了浙江沿海发生的风暴潮及其灾害的基本概况;分析了风暴潮灾害在自然灾害中的比重。指出我省近海热带气旋活动频繁,而且沿海地理条件又十分有利于风暴潮波幅的增大,从而导致严重的潮灾发生。因此,防御和减轻潮灾的任务相当艰巨。文章最后还从“软科学”的角度,提出若干减轻潮灾的对策与建议。     

浙江海岛风暴潮研究

浙江沿海岛屿众多，分布广泛，５００ｍ２以上的海岛就有３０６１个。本文对全省海岛风暴潮及其灾害进行了较系统的分析和研究。结果表明，全省海岛区是受台风影响频繁及风暴潮灾害较严重的区域。风暴潮及其灾害一般浙南岛区要大于浙中、浙北岛区，近岸海岛区要大于离岸较远的岛区。影响全省海岛的台风主要是沿海登陆型或近海转向型台风路径，而浙南岛区福建北部或中部登陆的台风影响亦较大。全省海岛台风增水主要受控于台风风场，当海岛各站置于ＮＥ～Ｎ风场时，出现增水，增水量值随风速的增大而增加，而在强劲的偏西风场下，岛区各站将出现不同程度的减水     

兰州台地磁Z日变化"低点位移"与地震关系的分析研究

首先对兰州地磁台的基本情况进行了简要叙述，利用该台1974年1月-2002年7月的地磁Z日变化“低点位移”观测结果。对甘肃及邻区在相同时段内发生的Ms≥5.0以上的地震进行统计分析，探讨其震磁关系，以及映震效果在空间上的分布特征。为地震的短临预报提供一定的参考依据。     

减缓气候变化的最新科学认知

 摘 要：2007年5月4日，IPCC第三工作组在泰国曼谷发布了第四次评估报告《气候变化2007：减缓气候变化》的决策者摘要及主报告。报告综合评估了2001年以来有关减缓气候变化的最新研究成果，考察分析了中短期（2030年前）和长期（2030年后）温室气体的排放情景、减排潜力、成本范围，以及稳定大气温室气体（GHG）浓度水平的可能选择。报告总体认为，未来温室气体排放取决于发展路径的选择，现有各种技术手段和许多在2030年以前具有市场可行性的低碳和减排技术，将以较低的成本实现有效减排；在2030年以后将温室气体浓度稳定在较低水平的成本并不高，但需要国际合作，采取一致行动，并认为可持续发展与温室气体减排可以相互促进。     

Diversified roles of mineral transformation in controlling hydrocarbon generation process,mechanism,and pattern

Organic matter(OM)is intimately associated with minerals in clay-rich mudstones,leading to widespread organic-mineral interaction during hydrocarbon generation in argillaceous source rocks.What we are concerned is the effects of the different mineral properties on hydrocarbon generation process and mechanism during mineral transformation.In this way,pyrolysis experiments with smectite-octadecanoic acid complexes(Sm-OA and Ex-Sm-OA)were conducted to analyze correlation of mineralogy and pyrolysis behaviors.Based on organicmineral interaction,hydrocarbon generation process was divided into three phases.At 200–300℃,collapse of smectite led to desorption of OM,resulting in high yield of resin and slight increase in saturates.Subsequently,enhanced smectite illitization at 350–450
℃was accompanied with large amounts of saturates and a mere gaseous hydrocarbon.Featured by neoformed plagioclase,ankerite,and illite,500
C saw plenty of asphaltene and methane-rich gaseous hydrocarbons,revealing cracking reactions of OM.Noteworthy is that saturated and gaseous hydrocarbons in Ex-Sm-OA were considerably more than that in Sm-OA during second and third phases.Quantitative calculation of hydrogen revealed organic hydrogen provided by cross-linking of OM could not balance hydrogen consumed by cracking reactions,but supply of inorganic hydrogen ensured cracking could readily occur and consequently greatly promoted hydrocarbon generation.Further investigating characteristics of mineralogy and pyrolytic products,as well as effects of solid acidity on hydrocarbon generation,we concluded desorption of OM and decarboxylation promoted by Lewis acid were dominated at 200–300
C,resulting in lowdegree hydrocarbon generation.While high yield of saturated and gaseous hydrocarbons in second and third phases,together with occurrence of ankerite,indicated predominance of decarboxylation and hydrogenation promoted by Lewis and Br?nsted acid,respectively.Variations in organic-mineral interactions indicated(1)the controls of mineral transformation on hydrocarbon generation process and mechanism include desorption,decarboxylation,and hydrogenation reactions;(2)clay minerals acted as reactants evolving together with OM rather than catalysts.These findings are profoundly significant for understanding the hydrocarbon generation mechanisms,organic-inorganic interactions,and carbon cycle.     

全国重要矿产资源潜力评价一些基本预测理论方法的进展

全国25种重要矿产资源潜力评价工作是迄今为止投入最多的矿产预测评价工作,采用的技术方法是基于矿床模型的综合地质信息预测方法。预测工作针对矿产预测的基本问题,如地质工作的不平衡性、三维预测、定量预测与定性预测结合、地物化遥综合预测等问题进行有益探索,提出了新的解决方案。以矿产预测类型为纲,开展建造构造编图,将建造与成矿环境结合;通过矿产预测类型的成矿模式、预测要素研究构建定量预测模型;通过成矿地质体地质参数法预测实现二维到三维的定量预测。     

Oxidant-elemental sulfur as an effective promoter for transformation of organic matter to hydrocarbons at moderate-low temperatures

Elemental sulfur is widely dispersed in the hydrocarbon source rocks and its depositional environment is usually thought as a reducing environment. The presence or absence of free oxygen is a key to identify oxidizing or reducing environment. But elemental sulfur is often present as an oxidant in this environment. When elemental sulfur meets with organic matter, redox reaction will occur. In our simulation experiments at 200 -400℃ , the existence of elemental sulfur can sharply increase the amounts of hydrocarbons, hence leading to the production of immature or low-mature oils and natural gases. At the temperature of 300℃ , the addition of elemental sulfur will further enhance the relative yields of hydrocarbons,and the final yield of total extracts and gaseous hydrocarbons of similitude kerogens by more than 463% and 2760% , respectively, while those of oil shales are increased by about 71% and 2044% , respectively. But at the temperature of 450℃, elemental sulfur plays a negative role in liquid hydrocarbon formation. The presence of elemental sulfur is probably a key factor in the gypsolyte environment leading to the formation of immature or low-mature oils, as well as the coexistence of immature or low-mature oils and natural gases.