单点地震技术在浅覆盖区区域地质调查中的应用研究

以阿龙山地区森林浅覆盖区1：25万地质调查为基础，介绍了单点地震方法的仪器与数据采集及处理，并结合利用探槽和岩石露头所得的基岩地质剖面图，对比分析了两种方法的处理结果。单点地震技术具有野外数据采集速度快，使用检波器数量少，仪器轻便，实时观测地质体弹性波变化规律和无需复杂的数据处理等优点；与槽探调查相结合，可快速探测覆盖层厚度、基岩起伏形态、岩性接触带和接触关系。     

低产低渗裂缝油田吞吐采油试验研究

头台油田是构造—岩性油藏。裂缝型、特低渗透是其显著特点，常规注水开发后经常出现严重的油井水淹，造成油田开发低效。本文以头台油田研究为例，认为对于裂缝型特低渗透油田，采用注水吞吐采油技术，通过套管直接向地层注水，利用储层毛管力作用，进行油水置换，实现单井自注自采吞吐采油，可以改善油田开发效果，减缓产量递减。适合注水吞吐采油基本条件是岩石润湿性为弱亲水和岩石饱和非润湿相。影响注水吞吐采油效果的主要因素是储层吸水状况、微缝发育状况、储层非均质性、注入体积和关井压力等。吞吐采油技术可作为改善裂缝型特低渗透油藏开发效果的一种新的模式来研究和推广。     

酒泉地区1937～2001年气候演变及突变分析

利用酒泉地区敦煌、酒泉两气象站 1937～ 2 0 0 1年气温、降水资料 ,分析了酒泉地区气候演变趋势和气候突变期 ,为该区气候决策服务提供参考     

Tremendous change of the earth surface system and tectonic setting of salt-lake formation in Yuncheng Basin since 7.1 Ma

The Yuncheng salt lake has formed under the setting of stepped subsidence of fault-blocks from the north to the south in Yuncheng Basin. In the phase of red clay accumulation during 7.1-3.6 Ma, the size of palaeo-lake was larger than the present salt lake, and palaeo-monsoon had formed. At 3.6 Ma, the northern basement in the basin raised abruptly due to the radiative effect of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplifting, and palaeo-lake was contracting southwards. At ca. 2.6 Ma ancient river flowed into the northern part of the basin. During ca. 2.0-1.9 Ma aerolian effect strengthened and loess started to accumulate on the most part of the basin. Since ca. 1.8-1.0 Ma the subsidence of the lake fault-block has been speeding up abruptly. As under the natural hydrogradient the salt lake received enough groundwater supply, and the rate of loess accumulation in the lake area was lower than that of subsidence of the lake fault-block, the lake could be preserved and becomes the only modern lake on Chinese Loess Plateau. Four large strengthening change records of the monsoon were found in the lake sequence of 5.8-1.9 Ma B.P.     

Sedimentary records of environmental evolution in the Sanmen Lake Basin and the Yellow River running through the Sanmenxia Gorge eastward into the sea

A series of independent faulted basins developed in the present middle reaches of the Yellow River during late Cenozoic, among which the Sanmen Lake Basin is located in the east edge of the Loess Plateau, a transitional zone between the second and third macromorphological step of China. The thick strata of the Sanmen Group deposited in the large basin. The Sanmen Group is a perfect place for the study on paleoenvironmental change, tectono-climatic cycles as well as the formation and evolution of the Yellow River. In this paper, the paleoenvironmental changes, regional tectonic movement and the evolutionary process of the Sanmen Lake Basin during the past 5 Ma were reconstructed based on the analysis of paleomagnetic stratigraphy, pollen, TOC and carbonate content from the Huangdigou outcrop near the Sanmenxia Reservoir, Pinglu County, Shanxi Province. The sedimentary records from the outcrop indicate that the basin was first formated by fault activity at about 5.4 MaBP, and after the strong tectonic movement at 3.6 MaBP the lake enlarged and the rainfall of summer monsoon increased. There was no great climatic transition near 2.6 MaBP, corresponding to the bottom age of loess in the Loess Plateau. After Olduvai event (about 1.77 MaBP) the Picea and Abies were presented in the sediments, which indicates a colder climate. The tectonic movement at 1.2 MaBP caused the light angular discordance between the upper and lower Sanmen Group. The sedimentary records show a cold and wet climate during the prosperous periods of loess accumulation such as L15, L9, L6. The tectonic intensification periods of the Sanmen Basin correspond with the tectonic movements in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau chronologically. The earliest age of the outflow from the Paleo-Sanmen Lake or the partly cutting off of the Sanmenxia Gorge was about 0.41- 0.35 MaBP. The age of cutting thoroughly the Sanmenxia Gorge by the Yellow River and the disappearance of the Paleo-Sanmen Lake was about 0.15 MaBP, which symbolized the formation of the present Yellow River and had an important influence on the environmental and morphological evolution in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.     

论中国大陆的板内变形机制

中国大陆板内变形普遍比较强烈。造成大陆板内变形比较强烈的原因 ,笔者认为主要有以下4点 :地块小、数量多、地块稳定性差 ;沉积盖层厚度大、地块表层强度低 ;地块经受了多期次的碰撞、拼合 ;中生代以来周邻板块作用比较强烈 ,板内应力场多次发生变化。板块间碰撞所产生远程效应是造成中国大陆普遍发生强烈板内变形的主要动力。正是在这种方向多变的、近于水平的动力作用下 ,由于各圈层岩石强度不同 ,派生出一系列圈层间的滑脱面、拆离面或断层 ,造成了比较强烈的大陆板内变形 ,在地下深处出现局部的减压地段 ,从而诱发了深部的岩浆活动。     

简析风与城市工业企业合理布局的关系

风场特征决定着污染物的输送方向，风向、风速不同，污染物的输送方向和稀释程度也不同。布局城市工业企业要充分考虑区域的输送特征，首先是城市的风场特征，包括局地环流的影响。本文依据太原市、临汾市风的特征，分析了太原市污染的主要原因，以及临汾金尧焦化项目安全边界的确定，并简要分析了局地环流及热岛以城市布局的影响。     

地震资料叠前去噪技术的现状与未来

地震资料叠前去噪是勘探地震资料处理的关键问题之一，但这个问题长期以来一直没有得到很好的解决，是提高地震资料分辨率的一个主要障碍，其中，如何有效地消除产生与地层间的多次反射波又是地震资料叠前去噪的核心问题。为此，人们进行了长期不懈的努力，以更好地消除多次波。本文着重概述现今实生常中常用的几种比较有效的消除多次波方法，包括拉冬变换，F－K方法和聚束滤波方法；同时也概述了预测反积消除水层混响和用K－L变换方法消除随机噪音提高信噪比等方法；最后，还讨论了近年发展的地震资料叠前去噪新方法及其发展趋势。     

21世纪重力与磁法勘探的展望

对21世纪重力与磁法勘探的仪器，数据处理技术，解释理论与方法，应用领域等方面的发展方向进行了分析与展望，发展航空标量，矢量，梯度重力测量和航空全梯度磁力测量，三分量磁力测量，提高综合信息采集能力；开展卫星重磁测量，综合卫星，航空，地面重磁测量资料研究地球结构与构造；发展高精度数据处理技术；重磁异常弱信号的提取，不同深度重磁异常的划分，低纬底变倾角化磁极以及位场面延拓；发展复杂条件下三维重磁场多参数综合反演可视化技术以及快速自动反演技术；探索磁性多参数的应用新领域，充分发挥磁法在环境污染调查中的作用并开拓应用新领域。     

Study on geometric correction of airborne multiangular imagery

An automatic image matching algorithm, and its application to geometric correction of airborne multiangular remote sensed imagery, are presented in this paper. The image-matching algorithm is designed to find correct match for images containing localized geometric distortion and spectral variation. Mathematical tools such as wavelet decomposition, B-spline, and multi-variant correlation estimator are integrated in the frame of pyramidal matching. The simulated experiment and our practice in correcting airborne multiangular images show that the matching algorithm is robust to the few random abnormal points and can achieve subpixel match accuracy in most area of the image. After geometric correction and registration, multiangular observations for each ground pixel are extracted and sun/view geometry is also simultaneously derived.