荒漠河岸胡杨(Populus euphratica)树干液流的时滞效应

以2012年4—9月树干液流速率与环境因子的实测数据,分析了荒漠河岸胡杨(Populus euphratica)树干液流的时滞效应。结果表明:不同月份胡杨树干液流速率对不同环境因子的时滞不同;4—9月,胡杨树干液流速率峰值时间比太阳辐射峰值时间晚约1h,比空气温度峰值时间早约1h,比水汽压差峰值时间早约2h,比空气相对湿度谷值时间早约2h;对影响胡杨树干液流速率的环境因子进行了主成分分析,发现胡杨树干液流速率与1h以前的第1主成分、第2主成分相关性最高,相关系数分别为0.864、0.875;对错位前后胡杨树干液流速率与环境因子进行多元线性回归分析发现,在胡杨树干液流的数值模拟中,考虑液流相对于环境因子的时滞效应可以提高模型的拟合精度。     

“水-能源-粮食”视角下粤港澳大湾区生态安全格局的构建及优化

从“水－能源－粮食”3个维度对粤港澳大湾区的生态系统服务进行评价,利用珞珈一号夜光数据修正生态阻力面,运用最小累积阻力模型构建并优化湾区的生态安全格局。结果表明：1）粤港澳大湾区生态源地总面积为9 626.1 km²,主要分布在研究区东部和西部的山地、丘陵地区,对应位于江门市、惠州市中部和肇庆市;2）生态廊道共计38条,总长度为2 023.09 km,其中最短为11.76 km,最长为304.99 km,集中于植被覆盖较好的山地丘陵地区,中部无廊道分布;3）生态源地辐射区面积为28 929.5 km²,达到湾区总面积的51.88%,若要实现60%的覆盖率,则需要至少新增生态源地辐射面积4 524.856 km²;4）为了更好地优化粤港澳大湾区生态安全格局,提出在惠州市北部和南部新增两处生态源地辐射区,并构建以“一带、一轴、四组团”为核心的生态安全格局优化模式。     

高分辨率遥感图像道路分割算法

为了提高从高分辨率遥感图像(high-resolution remote sensing image,HRI)中提取道路信息的自动化程度和准确性,发展了一种HRI道路分割算法,主要包括光谱合并、边界合并和基于形状特征的道路区域提取等3个步骤。其中,前2个步骤是基于区域生长的图像分割算法。光谱合并综合考虑了区域的均值、方差等统计特征量,以提高分割精度;边界合并采用了基于矢量梯度的边界计算方法,以准确提取多光谱HRI中的边界强度;结合全局最优合并算法实现光谱和边界合并,以得到最优化的分割结果。在道路区域被完整分割出来的基础上,利用形状特征提取道路,采用圆形度特征区分道路和非道路。利用2景Orb View3多光谱图像进行道路提取实验的结果表明,该方法的道路提取结果总精度和Kappa系数分别在97%和0.8以上,明显优于SVM监督分类方法。     

2006-2016年昆明市雷电致灾因素分析及易损性风险区划

基于近11 a（2006-2016）云南省闪电定位监测数据以及雷电灾害汇编资料,运用ArcGIS对闪电数据与地理信息进行叠加,分析昆明市地闪活动规律和雷电灾害时空分布特征,结合地理环境、人口分布和经济社会发展情况,研究雷电致灾成因机制。从灾害系统理论和综合易损性出发,构建评价指标体系及权重判断矩阵,计算雷电灾害风险综合评价指数R值并进行分级,形成昆明市雷电灾害易损性风险区划。结果表明：频繁活跃的地闪活动是导致雷电灾害多发的主要致灾影响因子,雷电灾害的时空分布与地闪活动的变化特征存在较好的对应关系。全市有雷电灾害高易损区3个,次高易损区2个,中易损区4个,次低易损区4个,低易损区1个,建立雷电灾害易损性区划,能够为确定雷电防护重点和防范等级提供必要的参考依据,通过完善雷电防护措施,可以增强承灾体抵御雷电灾害的能力。     

Types and genesis of manganese oxide ores in Guangxi, Southwest China

Systematic studies are diven to the genesis and spatial distribution of manganese oxide deposits in Guangxi,Southwest China.The deposits are classified as 3 types and 7 subtypes among which the karst depression type is regionally characteristic an of reat potential.A genetic model is presented for the mineralization on the basis of proto-rock,tectonic background,topographic features and climatic and hydrogeological conditions.     

基于RS和GIS的临武县矿山地质环境调查评价

本文通过遥感解译和实地核查,查明了临武县主要的矿山地质环境问题,并对矿山地质环境问题和地质环境背景条件进行分析研究,建立矿山地质环境综合评价指标体系,应用"专家打分-层次分析法"确定评价指标权重,根据相关规范确定评价指标等级,建立评价模型。基于ArcGIS平台,对各指标进行信息提取、赋值和叠加运算,再根据综合评价分级标准,得到矿山地质环境综合评价分区图。评价结果与实际调查情况相符,说明建立的评价指标体系较合理。研究成果对临武县矿山地质环境保护与生态文明建设具有重要的参考意义。     

Climate variability and predictability associated with the Indo-Pacific Oceanic Channel Dynamics in the CCSM4 Coupled System Model

An experiment using the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4), a participant of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase-5 (CMIP5), is analyzed to assess the skills of this model in simulating and predicting the climate variabilities associated with the oceanic channel dynamics across the Indo-Pacific Oceans. The results of these analyses suggest that the model is able to reproduce the observed lag correlation between the oceanic anomalies in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean and those in the cold tongue in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean at a time lag of 1 year. This success may be largely attributed to the successful simulation of the interannual variations of the Indonesian Throughflow, which carries the anomalies of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) into the western equatorial Pacific Ocean to produce subsurface temperature anomalies, which in turn propagate to the eastern equatorial Pacific to generate ENSO. This connection is termed the “oceanic channel dynamics” and is shown to be consistent with the observational analyses. However, the model simulates a weaker connection between the IOD and the interannual variability of the Indonesian Throughflow transport than found in the observations. In addition, the model overestimates the westerly wind anomalies in the western-central equatorial Pacific in the year following the IOD, which forces unrealistic upwelling Rossby waves in the western equatorial Pacific and downwelling Kelvin waves in the east. This assessment suggests that the CCSM4 coupled climate system has underestimated the oceanic channel dynamics and overestimated the atmospheric bridge processes.     

煤矿开采导水裂缝发育高度及影响因素分析

煤矿开采形成的导水裂缝,一旦波及煤层上覆水体,则会导致水流入或溃入井下,直接威胁煤矿安全生产。在总结分析现有导水裂缝研究方法的基础上,以理论推导的方式并结合生产实际,分析了导水裂缝高度与煤层开采厚度、覆岩性质等因素的关系,明确了导水裂缝高度与采厚的平方根存在正比例关系。指出当基岩上覆有粘土冲积层或其他类似岩层时,极限曲率增量与岩层物理性质、厚度的关系对确定导水裂缝高度具有重要作用,当粘土冲积层厚度不小于2倍采厚时,粘土冲积层内下行裂缝穿透粘土层的可能性小,为特定条件导水裂缝分析提供了研究基础。      

Analysis of multi-dimensional SAR for determining the thickness of thin sea ice in the Bohai Sea

Flat thin ice (<30 cm thick) is a common ice type in the Bohai Sea, China. Ice thickness detection is important to offshore exploration and marine transport in winter. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can be used to acquire sea ice data in all weather conditions, and it is a useful tool for monitoring sea ice conditions. In this paper, we combine a multi-layered sea ice electromagnetic (EM) scattering model with a sea ice thermodynamic model to assess the determination of the thickness of flat thin ice in the Bohai Sea using SAR at different frequencies, polarization, and incidence angles. Our modeling studies suggest that co-polarization backscattering coefficients and the co-polarized ratio can be used to retrieve the thickness of flat thin ice from C- and X-band SAR, while the co-polarized correlation coefficient can be used to retrieve flat thin ice thickness from L-, C-, and X-band SAR. Importantly, small or moderate incidence angles should be chosen to avoid the effect of speckle noise.