珠江流域地下水资源评价及问题分析

提要:本文在梳理流域地下水资源评价现状及历史的基础上,讨论了水资源评价方法和分区原则,将珠江流域划分为129个四级地下水系统,以地下水系统为评价单元,在充分考虑不同水文地质参数的基础上,分析评价地下水资源量及存在的问题,讨论珠江流域三级阶地不同水流运动特征,阐述了评价的精度以及水利工程对地下水循环的影响.通过本次评价,...     

基于非因果滤波器的多次波匹配相减方法(英文)

在常规多道匹配滤波方法中的滤波器是物理可实现的因果滤波器,只能实现地震信号序列延迟的滤波。本文提出了最小二乘意义下的非因果多道输入多道输出维纳滤波方法,通过比较多道匹配相减中因果和非因果滤波方法之间的差别,验证了方法的有效性,解决了模型数据滞后于实际数据的情况。而且,通过定义长度随偏移距和层速度变化的滑动时窗,解决了匹配时窗内同相轴数量随偏移距增大而增加的问题。并将上述方法应用到改进的扩展多道匹配相减去除多次波的方法中,利用Pluto1.5理论模拟数据,对非因果滤波器和变长度时窗的匹配相减方法进行测试,取得了很好的去除多次波后的地震数据。     

Overview on seagrasses and related research in China

Seagrass research in China is still in its infancy. Even though there has been progress recently, there is still a great deal of research needed to gain a better understanding of seagrass. In this article we review and discuss the advances in seagrass research in China from two aspects: (1) seagrass species and their distribution; (2) seagrass research in China, including studies on their taxonomy, ecology, photosynthesis, applications in aquaculture, salt-tolerance mechanisms and other research topics. A total of 18 seagrass species belonging to 8 genera are distributed in nine provinces and regions in China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan), as well as the Xisha and Nansha Archipelagos. They can be divided into two groups: a North China Group and a South China Group. Based on the seagrass distribution, the Chinese mainland coast can be divided into three sections: North China Seagrass Coast, Middle China Seagrass Coast, and South China Seagrass Coast. Ecological studies include research on seagrass communities, nutrient cycling in seagrass ecosystems, genetic diversity, pollution ecology and research in the key regions of Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan. Seagrass species and their locations, community structure, ecological evaluation, epiphytes, ecological functions and threats in the key regions are also summarized. Other studies have focused on remote sensing of seagrass, threatened seagrass species of China, and pollen morphology of Halophila ovalis.     

Evolution and spatial patterns of spheres of urban influence in China

This article presents the findings of a study of the spheres of urban influence with regard to all cities in China（not including Hong Kong,Macau and Taiwan Province of China）in the years 1990,2000 and 2009.An optimized gravity model with comprehensive time distance was used to carry out a detailed analysis of the spatial patterns of Chinese spheres of urban influence and the spatial characteristics of urban agglomerations.Such urban agglomerations are characterized by high density population and a developed economy,which are also considered as the national competition unit.This paper initially identifies four spatial patterns of urban agglomerations based on the spatial layout of city groups during their evolution.Some basic characteristics of urban agglomerations are outlined,including the number of cities,the size of cities and the functions of urban centers.These characteristics are examined by using statistical methods and Geographic Information System（GIS）.The main findings from this research are that the development stages and structures of urban agglomerations in China vary significantly.It is also clear that the stages and evolution of spatial patterns are strongly affected and dominated by both policy and location factors.     

南海北部表层颗粒有机碳的季节和年际变化遥感分析

海洋颗粒有机碳（POC）是海洋固碳的一个关键参数。为了研究南海北部陆架及海盆表层POC浓度的时空分布特征以及变化趋势,本文利用2009-2011年4个季节的实测数据,对NASA发布的MODIS/AQUA卫星月平均POC遥感产品,进行了验证和校正;并利用校正后的遥感数据分析了2003-2014年POC的时空分布特征和变化趋势。发现POC遥感产品与南海北部实测数据具有较好的线性关系（R2=0.72）,但存在系统性偏高,需利用实测数据对遥感数据进行区域性校正。分析校正后的遥感数据发现,南海北部陆架POC浓度较高,平均为（33.34±8.02）mg/m3;吕宋海峡西南海域浓度较低,平均为（29.25±6.20）mg/m3;中央海盆区浓度最低,平均为（27.02±4.84）mg/m3。春夏季POC浓度较低,最低值一般出现在5月,冬季（12月至翌年1月）POC浓度达到最高。利用2003-2014年的长时间序列遥感叶绿素（Chl a）和海表温度（SST）、混合层深度（MLD）模式数据,以及实测数据对南海北部POC浓度的影响机制进行了分析。发现POC与Chl a在秋冬呈现较好的相关关系（R2=0.51）,但在春夏季较离散,表明秋冬季生物作用对POC影响较大。2003-2014年期间,POC与Chl a、MLD及SST存在明显的年际变化,但并没有显著的上升或下降趋势。     

内蒙古荒漠-草原过渡带灌木群落特征

荒漠-草原过渡带是草原逐渐被荒漠取代的区域.沿阿拉善左旗-乌拉特后旗调查灌木群落,分析植物群落的结构和物种多样性,以期为生物多样性保育提供理论依据.结果表明:该荒漠-草原过渡带有62种植物,隶属于18科、47属,禾本科、藜科、豆科和菊科的植物较多.植物主要由灌木和多年生草本构成,以旱生植物为主,主要包括红砂(Reaum...     

Genetic Programming Approach for Predicting Surface Subsidence Induced by Mining

INTRODUCTIONThe study of surface subsidence resulting fromunderground mining holds significance in view ofbeneficial effects on national economy and people’sliving conditions.As is known,a large quantity ofminerals need to be exploited for modernization con-struction.Mining leads to surface subsidence,someunderground engineering and production facilities aredestroyed accordingly,which blocks the developmentof production and retards people’s living standard.To solve this contradiction,su…     

Thermo-mechanical performance of layered transversely isotropic media around a cylindrical/tubular heat source

We develop a new numerical model based on a precise integration method to investigate the coupled thermo-mechanical performance of layered transversely isotropic media around a cylindrical/tubular heat source. To obtain the relational matrices of the extended precise integration method, we first convert the governing equations of the problem into ordinary differential matrix equations through the Laplace–Hankel transform. Then, the cylindrical heat source is divided into a series of plane heat sources, and the plane temperature load term is added to the state vector between layer elements. By combining the layer elements, we build a layered transversely isotropic numerical model containing a cylindrical heat source in the transformed domain. Finally, we solve the model in the transformed domain and obtain the solution of the problem in the real domain through the Laplace–Hankel transform inversion. The accuracy of this method is verified by comparing the solutions with the results of the analytical method and the finite element method. Then, we study the influence of the anisotropy of thermal parameters, the embedded depth, the length/radius ratio, the type of heat source and the stratification of the medium on the thermo-mechanical coupled performance.

     

Geological characteristics and ore genesis of Houfangzi graphite deposit in Northwestern Hebei Province

Houfangzi graphite deposit is located in the middle of the graphite metallogenic belt in the northern margin of North China Block in Hebei Province, which belongs to regional metamorphic type graphite deposit. In this paper, through rock-mineral determination, IP ladder sections and exploratory trench survey, the authors have discussed its metallogenic geological characteristics and ore body characteristics, and analyzed its ore genesis. The research results show that the ore bodies are mainly in the graphitic marble of Dongjingzi Formation of Hongqiyingzi Group, which are stratified and controlled by layers, with NE trend and NNW inclination. The IP anomaly shows that Houfangzi graphite deposit is characterized by low resistance and high polarization. Ore bodies are stable and of big scale, and their fixed carbon content ranges from 1.42% to 3.28%, which has the potential to be a large graphite deposit. The ore-forming material came from granulite and graphite marble, while the regional metamorphism is the main mineralization of Houfangzi graphite deposit, with the enrichment and increasement caused by late magmatic activity and migmatization.     

延边地区天宝山多金属矿田的流体特征与成矿模式

天宝山铅锌铜钼多金属矿田由新兴铅-锌矿床、东风铅-锌-铜-钼矿床和立山铜-铅-锌矿床组成,它们分别产在侏罗纪黑云母花岗闪长岩、闪长岩与古生代海相火山-沉积岩的接触带和岩体内部。矿床地质特征研究表明:新兴铅-锌矿床以石英硫化物充填胶结角砾岩筒矿体为特征,具有与中温岩浆热液矿床类似的蚀变特征;东风铅-锌-铜-钼矿床以发育浸染状硫化物、石英硫化物脉和辉钼矿石英脉为特征,具有接触交代热液矿床特征;立山铜-铅-锌矿床则以磁铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿等多金属硫化物矿化发育为特征,具有典型的接触交代矽卡岩型矿床特征。对主成矿阶段以及成矿晚阶段的脉石矿物石英流体包裹体研究揭示:新兴铅-锌矿床的石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段对应的温度分别为270～340℃、190～260℃、130～160℃;盐度(w(NaCl))和密度分别为0.62%～9.86%和0.37～1.00g/cm3;压力为37.31～87.69MPa;激光拉曼光谱分析获得流体包裹体的成分主要为CO2、H2O,含有少量的CH4和N2。东风铅-锌-铜-钼矿床的石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段对应的温度分别为280～337℃、200～260℃、101～190℃;盐度和密度分别为7.16%～23.95%和0.96～1.12g/cm3;压力为28.23～56.64MPa;激光拉曼光谱分析获得流体包裹体成分为H2O。立山铜-铅-锌矿床的磁铁矿-石英脉阶段、石英-方铅矿-闪锌矿-黄铜矿等多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐阶段对应的温度分别为210～240℃、170～200℃、126～160℃,盐度和密度分别为2.07%～9.47%和0.89～0.92g/cm3;压力为33.88～59.72 MPa;激光拉曼光谱分析获得流体包裹体成分为CO2和CH4。基于矿床地质特征、成矿流体性质和来源等方面的讨论,建立了天宝山多金属矿田的成矿模式。