海坛岛海域表层沉积物中主量化学成分的地球化学

本文对海坛岛海域３３个表层沉积物中１０种化学成分的含量、含量变化和区域平面分布作了描述和探讨。化学成分中Ｃｏｒｇ、Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｆｅ、ＡＩ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｇ等元素的关性好,和粘土矿物关系密切,从陆源搬运入海;Ｃａ、碳酸盐和上述及粘土含量呈负相关,在富含生物介壳的粗粒沉积中富集;Ｍｎ主要赋存于陆源碎屑,而在砾砂中有自生Ｍｎ沉积。Ｑ型聚类分析的结果表明,调查区可分为３个地球化学分区,综合反映了沉积物的地球化学特征。     

9914号台风风暴潮、巨浪特点分析及其预报

本文介绍了１９９９年１４号台凤造成闽南沿海地区灾害概况,分析了台风、暴潮、巨浪的特点,阐述了本台对台风暴潮巨浪监测预报服务情况,说明加强海洋灾害预报预报在防灾减灾中的重要作用。     

福建省海洋工程装备产业现状与发展对策探讨

近年来,福建海洋工程装备产业进步显著,初步形成了以港口装卸、海上起重机、海底铺管、大型汽车滚装船等传统装备为主导的制造基地;同时,海水淡化核心装备、海洋防腐材料、水下作业机器人、游艇装备等新兴产业也取得了快速发展,但仍存在产业基础薄弱、整体产品低端、研发力量小且分散、试验研发平台严重不足等制约"瓶颈"。文章通过现场调研和资料查询分析了福建海洋工程装备产业的发展现状,总结归纳出当前制约产业发展的主要因素,明确发展思路,提出建设具有海西特色的海工装备制造业应发展海洋工程装备的重点领域、编制福建省海洋工程装备中长期发展规划和实施方案、提升海洋工程装备科技创新能力、制定海洋工程装备发展的扶持政策、构建比较完整的重点领域海洋工程装备产业链等对策与建议。     

海洋卫星军民融合发展现状及几点思考

对比分析了国内外海洋卫星军民融合发展现状,指出了我国存在的主要差距,并分析造成这些差距和障碍的主要问题和症结所在,从标准体系融合、技术融合和数据融合三个方面提出我国海洋卫星军民融合发展思路,并结合发展思路提出了科学统筹、科技引领、开放协作、以人为本的军民融合发展举措,为海洋卫星军民融合发展提供了借鉴作用和决策支持。     

闽江河口区沉积物中的抗生素分布特征及生态风险评价

采用固相萃取和液相色谱串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法对闽江河口区域沉积物中8类54种抗生素的含量以及分布特征进行分析探讨,并利用熵值法对抗生素的生态风险进行评价。结果表明,闽江河口区域24个站点共检出6类(大环内酯类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、氯霉素类、硝基咪唑类和苯并咪唑类)19种抗生素,总量范围在4.16~64.74 ng/g,平均值为17.35 ng/g;其中大环内酯类、喹诺酮类和硝基咪唑类抗生素检出频率达到100%。抗生素总量的空间分布情况呈闽江河口上游>北港>南港>河口下游的趋势,人口密集区生活污水和医疗废水排放是上游和北港沉积物大环内脂类和喹诺酮类抗生素含量较高的主要原因,而海水养殖过程中的直接投放可能是河口下游硝基咪唑类抗生素的主要来源;生态风险评价结果显示,大部分抗生素的生态风险值RQ<1,然而替米考星和甲硝唑在研究区域的RQ>1,具有一定的潜在风险,可能会对该区域生态环境产生负面效应。     

基于稳定同位素技术的光背团水虱食性分析

为了探究光背团水虱的食性特征,本研究利用碳、氮稳定同位素技术于2015年冬季和2016年夏季对广西北海廉州湾红树林中光背团水虱及其食物来源的碳、氮稳定同位素比值（δ13C值和δ15N值）进行分析。结果显示,冬季和夏季光背团水虱的δ13C值大小范围为-22.85‰~-21.87‰,平均值为（-22.46±0.35）‰;δ15N值大小范围为11.02‰~12.85‰,平均值为（11.88±0.56）‰;光背团水虱的δ13C值、δ15N值变化范围较小,表明其食物来源较为简单。单因素方差分析结果显示,冬季与夏季光背团水虱的平均δ13C值差异不显著（P>0.05）,而夏季的δ15N值普遍高于冬季δ15N值,差异显著（P<0.05）;不同生长阶段的光背团水虱δ13C值、δ15N值会随着体长的增长而增大,差异显著（P<0.05）,表明光背团水虱在生长的过程中可能发生了食性转变。光背团水虱的δ13C值与浮游生物的δ13C值相近,而与红树植物δ13C值差距较远,说明光背团水虱主要以浮游生物为食物来源。基于R语言稳定同位素混合模型（SIAR）计算结果显示,冬季和夏季各粒径级别浮游生物对不同生长阶段的光背团水虱的贡献率趋势基本一致,表现为1.2~25 μm粒级的浮游生物对光背团水虱平均贡献率最高,其次为25~50 μm粒级,粒径大于100 μm的浮游生物对体长小于5.5 mm的光背团水虱贡献率较低,对体长大于5.5 mm的光背团水虱的贡献率随着体长增大而相应增大,说明不同生长阶段的光背团水虱食性有差异。对光背团水虱食性分析的结果可为深入研究团水虱爆发的原因及危害红树林的作用机理提供基础资料。     

Responses of soil moisture to vegetation restoration type and slope length on the loess hillslope

Soil moisture, a critical variable in the hydrologic cycle, is highly influenced by vegetation restoration type. However, the relationship between spatial variation of soil moisture, vegetation restoration type and slope length is controversial. Therefore, soil moisture across soil layers (0-400 cm depth) was measured before and after the rainy season in severe drought (2015) and normal hydrological year (2016) in three vegetation restoration areas (artificial forestland, natural forestland and grassland), on the hillslopes of the Caijiachuan Catchment in the Loess area, China. The results showed that artificial forestland had the lowest soil moisture and most severe water deficit in 100-200 cm soil layers. Water depletion was higher in artificial and natural forestlands than in natural grassland. Moreover, soil moisture in the shallow soil layers (0-100 cm) under the three vegetation restoration types did not significantly vary with slope length, but a significant increase with slope length was observed in deep soil layers (below 100 cm). In 2015, a severe drought hydrological year, higher water depletion was observed at lower slope positions under three vegetation restoration types due to higher transpiration and evapotranspiration and unlikely recharge from upslope runoff. However, in 2016, a normal hydrological year, there was lower water depletion, even infiltration recharge at lower slope positions, indicating receiving a large amount of water from upslope. Vegetation restoration type, precipitation, slope length and soil depth during a rainy season, in descending order of influence, had significant effects on soil moisture. Generally, natural grassland is more beneficial for vegetation restoration than natural and artificial forestlands, and the results can provide useful information for understanding hydrological processes and improving vegetation restoration practices on the Loess Plateau     

一种高Q值单频水声信号放大提取电路的设计

针对水声信号所处环境复杂、背景噪声源多的特点,提出了一种基于JFET的超低噪音放大电路,该电路选用两片低噪音的场效应管2SK170作为第一级放大器件,经过CR高通滤波连接到同相放大电路,整体电路增益可达70dB;为进一步提升接收信号信噪比,结合双T滤波器特点优化设计出一种高Q值选频电路;通过Multisim14仿真表明,设计的电路在1 Hz处的电压噪声密度仅为2.4 nV/Hz^0.5,滤波器Q值可达25.6,结合实际电路测试结果表明,设计的电路能够满足水声测量要求。     

On waves propagating over a submerged poro-elastic structure

In this paper, the problem of incident waves propagating over a submerged poro-elastic structure is studied theoretically. A linear wave theory is used to describe the wave motion. The submerged poro-elastic structure is modeled based on Biot's theory, in which the fluid motion is described using the potential wave theory of Sollitt and Cross (1972). In the present approach, the problem domain is divided into four subregions. Using general solutions for each region and matching dynamic and kinematic conditions for neighboring regions, analytic solutions are derived for the wave fields and poro-elastic structure. The present analytic solutions compare very well with simplified cases of impermeable, rigid structures, and with those of porous structures. Using the present analytic solution, the effects of a poro-elastic submerged structure on waves are studied. The results show that softer poro-elastic structures can induce higher reflection and lower transmission from incident waves. For low permeability conditions, the elasticity of the structure can induce resonance, while higher permeability can depress the resonant effects.     

哈拉哈塘地区东河砂岩段-角砾岩段沉积模式探讨

塔北的哈拉哈塘地区是东河砂岩油气勘探的重点地区,该地区目前已发现并探明了东河塘和哈得4两个东河砂岩油气藏,油气储量丰富,显示出良好的勘探前景。基于哈拉哈塘地区东河砂岩段和角砾岩段的岩性段穿时沉积现象异常明显,根据层序地层学原理和方法对哈拉哈塘地区东河砂岩段一角砾岩段进行了重新分层和对比,在层序分层等时地层框架的基础上重新进行了东河砂岩段一角砾岩段沉积模式研究,弄清该地区地层分布规律、演化规律、砂体分布及储层分布规律对该地区的油气勘探具有重要指导意义。