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111.
The innermost region of slim accretion disks with standard viscosity is unstable against axisymmetric radial inertial acoustic perturbations under certain conditions. Numerical simulations are performed in order to demonstrate behaviors of such unstable disks. It is shown that oscillations with the period of 10–3 (M
BH/M
) s can be excited near the inner edge of the disks, whereM
BH is the mass of the central object. This kind of unstable disks is a possible origin of the periodic X-ray time variabilities with period of 104s observed in a Seyfert galaxy NGC 6814. 相似文献
112.
Excitation of upper hybrid waves associated with the ionospheric heating experiments is assumed to be essential in explaining some of the features of stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEE). A direct conversion process is proposed as an excitation mechanism of the upper hybrid waves where the energy of an obliquely propagating electromagnetic pump wave is converted into the electrostatic upper hybrid waves due to small-scale density irregularities. We performed electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the energy conversion process in the ionospheric heating experiments. We studied dependence of the amplitude of the excited wave on the propagation angle of the pump wave, scale length of the density irregularity, degree of the irregularity, and thermal velocity of the plasma. The maximum amplitude is found to be 37% of the pump amplitude under an optimum condition. 相似文献
113.
Takayuki Kaneko Atsushi Yasuda Taketo Shimano Setsuya Nakada Toshitsugu Fujii Toshihiko Kanazawa Azusa Nishizawa Yoshihiro Matsumoto 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2005,67(3):243-253
During the early part of a seismic swarm preceding eruption and caldera formation at Miyakejima Volcano, discoloured sea surfaces were observed 1.5 km off the western coast of Miyakejima on 27 June 2000. A later survey of the area using a multi-beam side scan sonar and a remotely operated small submarine revealed four craters of 20–30 m diameter aligned east-west in a 100×10–30 m area on the seafloor, with hot water at 140°C being released from one of the centres. Each crater consists of submarine spatter overlain in part by scoria lapilli. Dredged spatter from the craters was fresh, and there was no evidence of activity of marine organisms on the spatter surface, indicating that the discoloured sea surface resulted from magmatic eruption on the seafloor. This eruption occurred when a westward-propagating seismic swarm, initiated beneath Miyakejimas summit, passed through the area. Finding new magma on the seafloor demonstrates that this seismic swarm was associated with intruding magma, moving outward from beneath Miyakejima. Submarine spatter shows flattened shapes with a brittle crust formed by cooling in water, and its composition is aphyric andesite of 54 wt% SiO2. The spatter is similar in whole rock and mineral composition to spatter erupted in 1983. However, the wide range of Cl in melt inclusions in plagioclase of the 27 June submarine spatter shows that it is not simply a remnant of the 1983 magma, which has only high Cl melt inclusions in plagioclase. The mixed character of melt inclusions suggests involvement of a magma with low Cl melt inclusions. The magma erupted explosively on 18 August from Miyakejimas summit, considered as the second juvenile magma in this eruption, contains low Cl melt inclusions in plagioclase. Based on these observations and the eruption sequence, we present the following model: (1) A shallow magma chamber was filled with a remnant of 1983 magma that had evolved to a composition of 54–55 wt% SiO2. (2) Injection of the 18 August magma into this chamber generated a mixed magma having a wide range of Cl in melt inclusions contained plagioclase. The magma mixing might have occurred shortly before the submarine eruption and could have been a trigger for the initiation of the removal of magma from the chamber as an extensive dyke, which eventually led to caldera subsidence.Editorial responsibility: S Nakada, T Druitt 相似文献
114.
A high-resolution climatic change since the Late Glacial Age inferred from multi-proxy of sediments in Qinghai Lake 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9
Ryo Matsumoto 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(6):742-751
The study of climatic changes since the Late Glacial Age has become one of the hotspots of the PAGES in recent years.Deep-sea cores from the high-latitude area show that the climate was very unstable during the transitional period from the Late Glacial Age to the Holocene[1,2],which has also been testified by the geological records from ocean sediments,ice cores and terrestrial sections in different latitudes of the earth[3—8].What’s more,climatic instability also ex-isted in the Holoce… 相似文献
115.
Sedimentation rates were determined with the210Pb technique in six sediment cores from Harima Nada (Harima Sound), Seto Inland Sea. The rate of deposition varies from 0.11 g cm–2y–1 in the northern part to 0.33 g cm–2 y–1 in the southern part of the basin. A marked increase in copper and zinc content was observed above a depth in the core corresponding to about 1900 A.D. as a result of increasing human activities. Anthropogenic input of copper and zinc decreased slightly after 1970. Natural background levels of copper and zinc in the sediment in this sound are 11–16 ppm and 100–120 ppm, respectively. The total amounts of anthropogenic copper and zinc in the sediments were estimated to be 110–180g cm–2 and 610–1,280g cm–2, respectively. These values constitute 40–50% of the total sedimentary input of copper and zinc in the sediments since about 1900 A.D. 相似文献
116.
Takeshi Matsumoto 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1996,18(2-4):147-161
The thickness anomaly of lithosphere in the North Fiji Basin, Lau Basin and the surrounding area was obtained from gravity data derived by satellite altimetry, using crustal thickness determined by available seismic refraction studies. It was revealed that the North Fiji Basin is an isolated asthenospheric dome and that the lithospheric thickness is about 50km less than that of the surrounding area. Such a lithospheric structure and surface topographic feature suggest a plume-like mantle upwelling beneath these basins. The result of numerical simulation shows the possibility of opening of the back-are area and change of subduction polarity which occurred at the first stage of the evolution of the North Fiji Basin. As the lifetime of the southwestern Pacific marginal basins is limited to some 10 million years in most cases, the heat source (plume) which initiates these marginal basins might be sporadic, and their expansion will end when the heat source is wholly consumed. 相似文献
117.
Active oceanic spreading in the northern North Fiji Basin: Results of the NOFI cruise of R/V L'Atalante (newstarmer project) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yves Lagabrielle Etienne Ruellan Manabu Tanahashi Jacques Bourgois Georges Buffet Giovanni de Alteriis Jérôme Dyment Jean Goslin Eulàlia Gràcia-Mont Yo Iwabushi Philip Jarvis Masato Joshima Anne-Marie Karpoff Takeshi Matsumoto Hélène Ondréas Bernard Pelletier Olivier Sardou 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1996,18(2-4):225-247
The South Pandora and the Tripartite Ridges are active spreading centers located in the northern part of the North Fiji Basin. These spreading centers were surveyed over a distance of 750 km during the NOFI cruise of R/V L'Atalante (August–September 1994) which was conducted in the frame of the french-japanese Newstarmer cooperation project. SIMRAD EM12-dual full coverage swath bathymetric and imagery data as well as airgun 6-channel seismic, magnetics and gravity profiles were recorded along and offaxis from 170°40 E to 178° E. Dredging and piston coring were also performed along and off-axis. The axial domain of the South Pandora Ridge is divided into 5 first-order segments characterized by contrasted morphologies. The average width of the active domain is 20 km and corresponds either to bathymetric highs or to deep elongated grabens. The bathymetric highs are volcanic constructions, locally faulted and rifted, which can obstruct totally the axial valley. The grabens show the typical morphology of slow spreading axes, with two steep walls flanking a deep axial valley. Elongated lateral ridges may be present on both sides of the grabens. Numerous volcanoes, up to several kilometers in diameter, occur on both flanks of the South Pandora Ridge. The Tripartite Ridge consists of three main segments showing a sigmoid shape. Major changes in the direction of the active zones are observed at the segment discontinuities. These discontinuities show various geometrical patterns which suggest complex transform relay zones. Preliminary analysis of seismic reflection profiles suggest that the Tripartite Ridge is a very young feature which propagates into an older oceanic domain characterized by a significant sedimentary cover. By contrast, a very thin to absent sedimentary cover is observed about 100 km on both flanks of the South Pandora Ridge active axis. The magnetic anomaly profiles give evidence of long and continuous lineations, parallel to the South Pandora Ridge spreading axis. According to our preliminary interpretation, the spreading rate would have been very low (8 km/m.y. half rate) during the last 7 Ma. The South Pandora and Tripartite Ridges exhibit characteristics typical of active oceanic ridges: (1) a segmented pattern, with segments ranging from 80 to 100 km in length; (2) an axial tectonic and volcanic zone, 10 to 20 km wide; (3) well-organized magnetic lineations, parallel to the active axis; (4) clear signature on the free-air gravity anomaly map. However, no typical transform fault is observed; instead, complex relay zones are separating first-order segments. 相似文献
118.
Undisturbed sediment cores were collected by a modified gravity corer from Funka Bay. The sedimentation rate is determined by both210Pb and pumice chronological methods. The sedimentation rates by210Pb method are concordant with those by pumice methods. The derived rate varies from 0.06 to 0.22 g cm–2 y–1, and an average is 0.09 g cm–2 y–1. 相似文献
119.
Kazuhiko Matsumoto Ken Furuya Takeshi Kawano 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2004,51(12):1319
Climatological variability of picophytoplankton populations that consisted of >64% of total chlorophyll a concentrations was investigated in the equatorial Pacific. Flow cytometric analysis was conducted along the equator between 145°E and 160°W during three cruises in November–December 1999, January 2001, and January–February 2002. Those cruises were covering the La Niña (1999, 2001) and the pre-El Niño (2002) periods. According to the sea surface temperature (SST) and nitrate concentrations in the surface water, three regions were distinguished spatially, viz., the warm-water region with >28 °C SST and nitrate depletion (<0.1 μmol kg−1), the upwelling region with <28 °C SST and high nitrate (>4 μmol kg−1) water, and the in-between frontal zone with low nitrate (0.1–4 μmol kg−1). Picophytoplankton identified as the groups of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes showed a distinct spatial heterogeneity in abundance corresponding to the watermass distribution. Prochlorococcus was most abundant in the warm-water region, especially in the nitrate-depleted water with >150×103 cells ml−1, Synechococcus in the frontal zone with >15×103 cells ml−1, and picoeukaryotes in the upwelling region with >8×103 cells ml−1. The warm-water region extended eastward with eastward shift of the frontal zone and the upwelling region during the pre-El Niño period. On the contrary, these regions distributed westward during the La Niña period. These climatological fluctuations of the watermass significantly influenced the distribution of picophytoplankton populations. The most abundant area of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus extended eastward and picoeukaryotes developed westward during the pre-El Niño period. The spatial heterogeneity of each picophytoplankton group is discussed here in association with spatial variations in nitrate supply, ambient ammonium concentration, and light field. 相似文献
120.
A 3600 YEARS PALEOCLIMATIC CHANGE INFERRED FROM ORGANIC δ~(13)C AND TOC/TN OF THE GUCHENG LAKE SEDIMENTS, SOUTHEAST CHINA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Im0DUrmNItiswellknownthatpabodbotechangeamrdedbyisotopesinlakesedimentScanbeobtainedbymcasuringthebl0andb'3CofauthigeniccarbonateSpeudsonetal.,l989),orbyrmsuringtheblbandb'tofmoiluscanshellsopntZetal.,l987)togetpabolaketeInPeratme.ButitisdiffictiltsoInebotodistinguishthegenetictypeofthecarbonatesfoedinoroutSidethelake.Furthennre,thepaservationof6'Dasapaleotemeraturerecordcanbeahabypostdepositionisotopicexchangecausedbydi-agnosesandotherfactorssuchas"vitalefTtal'(Marshall,l992).Itisdimcul… 相似文献