碳酸盐岩层序地层格架对岩溶储层的控制作用——以渤海西南海域下古生界为例

以钻井、测井、地震以及岩心、薄片资料为基础,在划分三级层序的基础上,探讨了渤海西南海域下古生界层序地层特征及其对岩溶储层的控制作用。结果表明：1）三级层序界面附近发育碳、氧同位素负异常以及自然能谱Th/K正异常,基于此特征将下古生界划分为21个三级层序;2）白云岩是研究区主要的储集岩性,层序通过控制垂向岩性的变化进而控制了优质储层的发育;3）将白云岩发育的12个三级层序定义为"优势储集层序",加里东期构造不整合与12个"优势储集层序"耦合控制了潜山型储层规模及其产能高低;寒武系内发育以溶蚀孔隙为主的内幕型岩溶储层,亦限定发育于"优势储集层序"之中。实际勘探中,优选风化界面与"优势储集层序"耦合区域优先钻探,同时兼顾内幕型储层,其是今后该区高效勘探的关键。     

中国大陆地磁场Z 分量日变幅的时空特征分析

通过分析中国大陆76个地磁台站2008年1月1日至2010年12月31日地磁场Z分量日变幅的时空特征,得到结论如下:①在时间上,回归分析和傅里叶分析结果表明,所有台站地磁Z分量的日变幅均有明显的周期性变化,周期主要有365天、183天、122天、73天等,其中365天的周期振幅最大(即年周期)。②空间上,地磁场Z分量日变幅随纬度整体呈非线性变化,在25°N附近存在拐点(极大值点),在15°～25°N,日变幅随纬度的增加而增加,在25°～50°N,Z的日变幅随纬度的增加而减小。③通过地磁场Z分量日变幅时空分布与等效电流对比,结果显示地磁场Z分量日变幅的时空变化特征主要是由等效电流的时空演化决定的。④若粗略地把地磁场Z分量日变幅最大值所处的纬度视为等效电流的焦点所在的纬度,则焦点所在纬度夏季最高,春秋季次之,冬季最低,逐日焦点变化最大可达10°。     

A catastrophe mathematical model for uranium mineralization of hot-water origin

Presented in this paper are some primary data on the temperature, stratigraphical altitude and thickness of a certain uranium ore deposit. Taking these data as the parameters for the temperature, pressure and geochemical conditions of uranium mineralization under ideal geological conditions which constitute a finite variable series, in conjunction with the catastrophe theory developed by Rene Thom (1968), we have proposed a swallow-tail model fit to uranium mineralization. This model provides insight into the mechanism of uranium mineralization. Our study shows that the process of uranium mineralization is a discontinuous or catastrophic event. Temperature and pressure are considered important thermodynamic conditions which control the distribution pattern of uranium mineralization, and the principle of temperature-pressure correspondence for uranium mineralization has been also derived. Geological bodies of minerogenetic importance serve as favourable geochemical media for capturing ore-forming materials. Uranium mineralization of commercial importance depends on a delicate coupling between temperature,pressure, and geochemical condition. The loci of uranium mineralization in the model constitute the surfaceK, referred to as the surface of enrichment-mineralization, on which minerogenetic domain is expected. The model provides quantitatively clues to the process of uranium mineralization, i.e., a process from quantitative to qualitative changes.     

热力强迫对台风次级环流的作用

本文利用无量纲的台风次级环流方程,用西太平洋地区11年的综合台风资料,计算了热力因子强迫的次级环流。通过计算,得到主要结论如下: 1.非绝热加热和积云热量垂直混合是主要的热力强迫因子,二者的作用具有同样量级。 2.热量的湍流涡旋通量及积云的热量水平输送作用都比较小。 3.Ekman抽吸与积云热量垂直混合是相互促进,共同发展的。有利于次级环流的增强。     

川中磨溪—高石梯地区下寒武统龙王庙组层序格架内滩体的发育演化特征及对储层的控制

川中磨溪—高石梯地区龙王庙组可划分为两个三级层序。通过大量岩心、薄片以及测井资料综合分析,磨溪—高石梯地区龙王庙期整体属于局限台地沉积,可划分为台内滩、滩间洼地以及潟湖亚相。以台内滩颗粒含量、沉积构造以及单层滩体沉积厚度为基础,结合测井响应特征分析,将台内滩划分为滩核、滩翼以及白云岩坪等微相,并建立了台内滩的3种典型沉积序列:滩翼—滩核—白云岩坪、潟湖—滩间洼地—台内滩,以及滩间洼地—台内滩。层序格架内台内滩的纵横向发育特征表明:SQ_2时期较SQ_1时期更为发育,滩体单层厚度和总厚度均较大,层序界面附近的滩核—白云岩坪沉积序列上部为最有利的储层发育相带。     

多级SPOT立体影像匹配

立体影像匹配是自动提取SPOT影像高程信息的关键技术。本文根据SPOT影像在几何构像关系和影像质量上的特点,提出了多级匹配的结构策略。实际像对匹配实验表明,多级匹配法具有较好的可靠性和精度水平,而且运算速度快,在快速生成DEM数据辅助遥感信息分析方面,有重要的应用价值。     

斜压性对地转动量Ekman流的影响——理论分析

本文研究了斜压效应对地转动量Ekman流的影响。利用两变量奇异摄动方法求得了边界层中风场及顶部垂直速度的前二级一致有效渐近解析解,解中明显地反映了斜压情形地转风随高度变化(即热成风)的影响,尤其是其中一级近似解完全由热成风影响所致。在边界层顶垂直速度的解中导出了三种由斜压效应引起的Ekmon抽吸新物理因子,即热成风形变、热成风涡度及热成风涡度交叉项等抽吸因子。分析表明,这些因子只在具有水平温度梯度不均匀的系统(譬如锋区)中方能出现。文中还对锋区内上述三种抽吸因子的动力特征作了具体的分析,指出在锋区这样的强斜压系统中,此三种抽吸因子的贡献是显著的。下一文中,我们将利用本文所得理论解对斜压效应进行具体的定量计算。      

新疆近50a来降水量时空变化及其突变分析

基于新疆53个气象台站1960—2005年逐月降水资料,通过Mann-Kendall非参数趋势检验方法,对新疆近50 a来年降水量和12个月降水量的趋势进行了分析,并计算12个月对年降水量的贡献率,同时通过SequentialMann-Kendall方法分析了27个台站年降水量显著增加趋势发生的时间突变点。结果表明,新疆近50 a来年降水量显著增加,北疆和南疆趋势最为明显;其中冬半年(1、2、11月和12月)这4个月的降水量增加趋势显著,对新疆年降水量的贡献较大;新疆大部分台站年降水量趋势发生突变的时间点在20世纪80年代以后。     

水平井开发储层地质建模

水平井的开发技术关键之一是建立油气藏的精细三雏地质模型,据此可以确定明确的地质目标.常规的储层地质建模忽视了水平井与地层在空间上的独特配置关系,无法体现和充分利用其在表征储层属性空间展布特征上的优势.这里着重讲述了针对水平井开发的储层地质建模,引入了水平井储层概念模型,探讨了平面单元网格划分模式,并以塔河1区三叠系下油...     

Focal Mechanism Solutions of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence from P-wave polarities and SH/P amplitude ratios: new results and implications

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a major intraplate earthquake with M _w 7.9, occurred on the slowly deforming Longmenshan fault. To better understand the causes of this devastating earthquake, we need knowledge of the regional stress field and the underlying geodynamic processes. Here, we determine focal mechanism solutions (FMSs) of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence (WES) using both P-wave first-motion polarity data and SH/P amplitude ratio (AR) data. As P-wave polarities are more reliable information, they are given priority over SH/P AR, the latter of which are used only when the former has loose constraint on the FMSs. We collect data from three categories: (1) permanent stations deployed by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA); (2) the Western Sichuan Passive Seismic Array (WSPSA) deployed by Institute of Geology, CEA; (3) global stations from Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology. Finally, 129 events with magnitude over M _s 4.0 in the 2008 WES are identified to have well-constrained FMSs. Among them, 83 are well constrained by P-wave polarities only as shown by Cai et al. (Earthq Sci 24(1):115–125, 2011), and the rest of which are newly constrained by incorporating SH/P AR. Based on the spatial distribution and FMSs of the WES, we draw following conclusions: (1) the principle compressional directions of most FMSs of the WES are subhorizontal, generally in agreement with the conclusion given by Cai et al. (2011) but with a few modifications that the compressional directions are WNW–ESE around Wenchuan and ENE–WSW around Qingchuan, respectively. The subhorizontal compressional direction along the Longmenshan fault from SW to NE seems to have a left-lateral rotation, which agrees well with regional stress field inverted by former researchers (e.g., Xu et al., Acta Seismol Sin 30(5), 1987; Acta Geophys Sin 32(6), 1989; Cui et al., Seismol Geol 27(2):234–242, 2005); (2) the FMSs of the events not only reflected the regional stress state of the Longmenshan region, but also were obviously controlled by the faults to some extent, which was pointed out by Cai et al. (2011) and Yi et al. (Chin J Geophys 55(4):1213–1227, 2012); (3) while the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and some of its strong aftershocks released most of the elastic energy accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, some other aftershocks seem to occur just for releasing the elastic energy promptly created by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and some of its strong aftershocks. (4) Our results further suggest that the Longmenshan fault from Wenchuan to Beichuan was nearly fully destroyed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and accordingly propose that there is less probability for great earthquakes in the middle part of the Longmenshan fault in the near future, although there might be a barrier to the southwest of Wenchuan and it is needed to pay some attention on it in the near future.