Re-discussion on the Jiaochang Arcuate Structure, Sichuan Province, and the Seismogenic Structure for Diexi Earthquake in 19331

The Jiaocbang arcuate structure is one of the numerous arcuate structural belts in Sichuan. The present paper gives a further argument about the characteristics of that arcuate structure and the new activity of the Songpinggou fault and affirms that the Songpinggou fault is an active fault in the Holocene epoch. The Diexi M7.5 earthquake took place in 1933 on the west wing of that arcuate structure, near the apex of the arc. Many authors have given quite different opinions about the genetic structure of that earthquake. The authors have made on-the-spot investigations time and again over recent years. Besides this, the authors have also further studied the shape of intensity contour lines, the distribution characteristics of ground surface seismic hazards, the left-lateral dislocation of buildings along the Songpinggou fault, the NWtrending ground fissures that developed on the ground surface after earthquake, and so on. On this basis, it is still considered that the seismogenic fault of the 1933 Diexi M7.5 earthquake was the Songpinggou fault on the west wing of the Jiaochang arcuate structure.     

天然叶蜡石及其热处理产物的电子顺磁共振（EPR）研究

利用EPR研究了18个天然叶蜡石样及其4个热处理产物。发现天然叶蜡石有三个EPR吸收带：A（g有效≈11．4），B（g有效≈4．3）和C（g有效≈2．0），其中A是叶蜡石的特征谱。A在＞400℃热处理时与B在强度上呈消长关系；＜400℃热处理时A和B均随温度升高而加强；900℃时A消失，B的强度远远大于原样中的A；C附有超精细结构谱（g″=2.04,g┴=1.96,A″≈A┴=19.5×10^-4T），C在热处理时呈现复杂的变化。结果表明，A吸收带属于叶蜡石八面体AI（Fe)-O4(OH)2中的Fe^3 ，B吸收带归于八面体AI（Fe)-O2(OH)4中的Fe^3 ，C吸收带是无机自由基（如AI－O^-Si)和有机自由基的叠加谱；900℃热处理后八面体层中配位发生了变化：AI（Fe)-O4(OH2)→AI（Fe)-O5 H2O↑，AI(Fe)-O2(OH)4→AI(Fe)-O4 H2O↑；类质同象置换AI^3 的不仅有Fe^3 ,而且有Fe^2 离子。     

鄂尔多斯盆地纳岭沟地区含铀目的层岩石矿物学特征及其对成岩作用、物源等方面的指示

纳岭沟铀矿床位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北部伊陕单斜构造区,其成矿主岩为中侏罗统直罗组下段下亚段.通过野外地质调查、岩芯编录,结合岩矿鉴定、X-衍射、电子探针及扫描电镜等方法,详细研究了该区目的层砂岩碎屑组分、结构及矿物蚀变特征,并初步探讨了其物源及源区构造背景、砂岩绿色成因、成岩作用等特征.结果表明纳岭沟地区含铀砂岩类型以长石岩屑砂岩为主,其成分及结构成熟度均较低,成岩作用较弱,表现为弱压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用以及部分重结晶作用.大量在粒表呈薄膜状及粒间充填的绿泥石等粘土矿物是砂岩呈绿色调的主因.物源可能来自于盆地北缘阴山造山带的太古宙—元古宙变质岩系以及显生宙岩浆岩.其蚀变矿物组合及期次为草莓状黄铁矿—自生高岭石—绿泥石薄膜+粒间绿泥石—铀石+细分散/脉状黄铁矿—亮晶方解石—方解石脉,其成岩环境经历了弱酸性—酸性还原—弱酸弱碱/氧化还原过渡阶段—碱性还原阶段,而砂岩型铀矿的形成与氧化还原—酸碱性过渡成岩环境变化密切相关.     

暴雨类冷涡与非暴雨类冷涡的合成对比分析

选择了８例典型的东北冷涡暴雨过程和８例典型的东北冷涡弱降水过程进行了合成对比分析，发现暴雨类冷涡其暴雨主要出现在冷涡的发展阶段，而非暴雨类冷涡的降水主要发生在冷涡的成熟阶段；暴雨类冷涡与其南侧的副热带低值系统联系密切，非暴雨类冷涡的这一特点不甚明显；暴雨类冷涡的两个降水中心分别出现在系统东侧偏南和南侧偏东一些的地，距系统中心大约３００－４００ｋｍ和７００－８００ｋｍ，这些区域处于低层辐合、高层辐菜     

大兴安岭南段西坡拜仁达坝-维拉斯托矿床成矿流体特征及其演化

拜仁达坝-维拉斯托矿床是大兴安岭南段西坡最大的2个热液脉型银矿床, 对这两个矿床各阶段矿物(如黑钨矿、浅色闪锌矿、石英和萤石)中的流体包裹体进行研究, 并对硫化物进行了硫同位素分析.结果表明, 拜仁达坝矿床的流体从早阶段到晚阶段(Ⅰ→Ⅱ→Ⅲ)均一温度和盐度逐渐降低.维拉斯托矿床热液成矿期第Ⅰ、Ⅱ成矿阶段具有高温高盐度的流体; 第Ⅲ成矿阶段具有不混溶流体, 即中温中盐度的流体(均一温度为208~294 ℃, 盐度含量为4.65%~12.39%)和高温低盐度的流体(均一温度为333~406 ℃, 盐度含量为3.55%~6.88%); 第Ⅳ成矿阶段具有低温较低盐度的流体.两个矿床的流体包裹体气相成分表明成矿流体均为CO₂-H₂O-NaCl体系.拜仁达坝矿床的均一温度和盐度随着成矿阶段逐渐降低和氢氧同位素证据均表明, 早阶段的流体主要为岩浆水来源, 晚阶段的流体混入了大气降水.维拉斯托矿床氢氧同位素证据和流体中的成分(CH₄/C₂H₆为39.271%~101.438%)均表明其成矿流体主要为岩浆水来源.拜仁达坝-维拉斯托矿床的硫具有深源特征, 拜仁达坝矿床的成矿机制主要与不同来源的成矿流体混合有关; 维拉斯托矿床的成矿机制主要与降温和成矿流体不混溶有关.      

Laboratory investigations of the role of biofilms on stream-bed surfaces in debris-flow runout

Debris-flow runout is a fascinating process to understand due to its implications for downstream alluvial fans. Based on the propagation-deposition behaviors of the Dongyuege (DYG) debris flow, in Yunnan, the effect of biofilms on channel surfaces on debris-flow runout is investigated in laboratory flumes with two different internal surfaces: surfaces are lined with granite slabs (Model I) and gravel (Model II), respectively. Our results show that biofilms can significantly reduce frictional resistance to flows. They increase flow velocities, slow down the deceleration of the snouts, prolong runout distances, and subsequently extend the areas covered with resulting deposits, thus greatly assisting the propagation of experimental debris flows. Slippery biofilms consisting mainly of diatoms and their extracellular mucus (ECM) reduce the contact friction between the flume-beds and the overlying fluids, and greatly promote the propagation of tested flows. Well-developed biofilms are found on the underwater channel surfaces of the DYG Creek. Acting as lubricating layers, they likely played a key role in the DYG debris-flow runout. Most of the debris transported during the DYG event was deposited on overbanks, and the sediment that caused the disaster was transported to the populated fan region through the stream-bed clad in the thick biofilms. Owing to their impacts on the development and width of the temporary debris dam breach, the stream-bed covered with biofilms became a direct contributor to the debris-flow hazard. Because of the ubiquitous presence of biofilms on mountain stream-bed surfaces, the development of perennial streamflows can be viewed as an indicator of gully susceptibility to debris flows threatening creek fans. The underwater areas of pre-event channel cross-sections should be regarded as slip or low-friction boundaries, and the parts above stream-levels can be viewed as no-slip boundaries. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Discovery of the Natural Deformation Vestige of Gaixia Remains,Guzhen County,Anhui Province,China and Its Implications

Recognition of natural deformation during the excavation of ancient remains and tombs is important for tracing or enriching historic and prehistoric deformation records. Recently, the earthquake agencies,in cooperation with the cultural relics and archaeological institutions, conducted a special excavation investigation to the Gaixia remains archaeological scene in Guzhen,Anhui Province. Faults and fissures were discovered there, which,as demonstrated by the preliminary study,are the traces of two stratum d...     

1959-2003年青海省干湿变化分析

利用青海省1959-2003年气象资料,计算了修正的Palmer干旱指数,并对其进行了分析。结果表明：在青海省旱涝监测中,PDSI指数反映旱涝程度更为客观;青海省的干旱主要以轻旱为主;夏秋季年际干湿交替较冬春季频繁,变化振幅也较大;秋季青海省干旱化倾向最为严重,冬春季出现轻旱几率最大。另外,春季干旱总面积在减小;夏季轻旱面积增加,而中旱、重旱面积在减小;秋冬季重旱面积在增加。     

海底沉积物孔隙度与声速的关系

给出大陆架海底沉积层中声速(压缩波)V_p依赖于沉积物孔隙度n的一个新的经验公式,该公式当n=100时,V_p=V₀,V₀为海底水声速.公式的计算值与我国周边大陆架测量值吻合较好,并将其结果与国内外成果作了对比讨论.     

Intraguild predation by polyps of three scyphozoan jellyfish: Nemopilema nomurai,Aurelia coerulea,and Rhopilema esculentum

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Jellyfish blooms occur worldwide and have resulted in serious problems in tourism, fisheries, coastal industries, and the marine ecosystem. The life cycle of...