CHARACTERISTICS OF CRUSTAL DEFORMATION RELATED TO Ms8.1 KUNLUNSHAN EARTHQUAKE

1　IntroductionTheBogedabanapexofKunlunmountainanditsneighborhoodregionlocatedattheboundaryofXinjiangandQinghaiprovinceswerehitbyaMs8.1earthquakeonNovember 1 4,2 0 0 1 .ThisisthestrongestearthquakewithmagnitudebiggerthanMs8.0inmainlandChinasinceacomparableearth quakehappenedinDangxiongofTibetonNovember1 8,1 95 1 .TheepicenterdeterminedbyChineseseismicnetworkislocatedatN36.2°,E90 .9°,40 0kilometersawayfromRuoqiangcountyofXinjiangprovinceand 35 0kilometersfromGolmudcityre spectively.Mea…     

昭通盆地茨营组沉积演化及聚煤规律研究

昭通盆地是云南省重要的褐煤产地。为了对区内褐煤资源进行客观评价,以野外地质调查和钻探成果为基础,通过对盆地的沉积相展布和区域地质背景分析,系统研究了盆地形成、演化过程和聚煤规律。研究结果表明:①盆地新近系茨营组广泛发育冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积体系、泥炭沼泽沉积体系和湖泊沉积体系;上新世早期盆地主体发育扇三角洲-半深湖-深湖沉积体系;上新世晚期发育泥炭沼泽-半深湖沉积体系;更新世早期发育半深湖-深湖沉积体系。②盆地经历了快速断陷期(上新世早期)、稳定坳陷期(上新世晚期)和稳定扩张期(更新世早期),形成了可采煤层M1、M2、M3,其中M1、M2煤层形成于湖平面相对上升泥炭沼泽,是盆地内分布最广泛的可采煤层,煤层M3主要分布于海子向斜。     

An individual cognitive evacuation behaviour model for agent-based simulation: a case study of a large outdoor event

Route selection is a complex issue in simulating the pedestrian’s walking behaviour during the evacuation. In many current studies, the agent-based model has been widely used to simulate the individualized behaviour, and growing concern is given to the cognitive aspects in route selection. However, the influence of incomplete spatial knowledge and the preferences for different routing strategies has not been fully considered. To represent more reliable route choice by different pedestrians, this study presents an individual cognitive evacuation behaviour model which is mainly focusing on the individual differences in routing strategy and spatial knowledge. The model consists of two major components, namely the multiple routing strategies and personalized spatial cognitive road network. Based on a review of the previous studies, the potential factors that may affect the evacuation behaviour were discussed. The quantitative relationships between these potential factors and the pedestrian’s routing preference, as well as the possibilities of recognizing different roads, were explored using the regression method. As a case study, the proposed model was implemented using the data collected from a field survey of a real outdoor event. When applied in an agent-based simulation, the implemented model will support more reliable simulation of route choices corresponding to the pedestrians’ behaviour in the real event.     

黔中地区震旦系洋水组地球化学特征及其对古海洋环境的指示*

为重建黔中地区震旦纪陡山沱期古海洋环境,选取小河磷矿(XH)、息烽磷矿(XF)含磷岩系剖面,通过系统采样及岩矿鉴定、扫描电镜、微量元素和稀土元素分析,揭示古海洋环境对磷块岩沉积的影响作用。结果表明,磷矿成矿受黔中古陆长期剥蚀夷平形成的无障壁海岸海滩环境控制。陡山沱期洋水组磷块岩Sr/Ba值一般大于1,均值分别为1.90(XH)和0.95(XF),而澄江组沉积物Sr/Ba值均小于1,均值分别为0.11(XH)和0.18(XF),说明沉积环境由澄江期的湖泊相转变为陡山沱期的海相。小河剖面V/Cr和Ni/Co均值分别为1.77和2.17,息烽剖面V/Cr和Ni/Co均值分别为1.26和2.83,均位于弱氧化—氧化区间。息烽磷矿磷块岩δCe为0.75~0.95,均值0.85,小河磷矿磷块岩δCe为0.74~1.09,均值0.88,Ce负异常由底部至顶部逐渐增大,显示沉积环境由次氧化—氧化的转变。这种氧化转变不仅造成了浅水富磷海岸大洋生产力的提升,进一步促使与生物作用相关的磷块岩沉积,同时造成的生命演化也改变了大洋含氧结构,因此成磷环境的氧化转变是对新元古代氧化事件与生命演化的响应。     

BAROCLINITY AND NONLINEAR EKMAN PUMPING DYNAMICS

With the Ekman momentum approximation,the influence of atmospheric baroclinity on the dynamics of boundarylayer is studied.Some new results are obtained.These results show that the atmospheric baroclinity plays an importantrole in altering the horizontal velocity of Ekman boundary layer and its angle with the horizontal wind velocity compo-nent near the surface.There are three different physical factors affecting the nonlinear Ekman suction,the vertical mo-tion at the top of boundary layer:first,barotropic geostrophic relative vorticity at the ground;second,the thermal windvorticity induced by the baroclinity;and third,the nonlinear interaction between the barotropic geostrophic relativevorticity and the baroclinic thermal wind vorticity.These results may provide a better physical basis for theparameterization of boundary layer and the interpretation of the numerical modeling results.     

A Cloud Point Extraction Approach Developed for Analyzing Pesticides Prometryne and Isoproturon from Multi‐media

A new analytic methodology based on the cloud point extraction coupled with HPLC (CPE‐HPLC) was developed and successfully applied to determination of the pesticides isoproturon (IPU) and prometryne (PRO) from multi‐media (contaminated water, soil, and food vegetable). Several non‐ionic surfactants including poly ethylene glycol 6000 (PEG‐6000), TritonX‐114, and Triton X‐100 were comparatively analyzed as extraction solvents. Other parameters such as surfactant concentration, ionic strength, and equilibration temperature, and duration were also investigated. The optimal conditions for CPE were presented with 2.4% w/v PEG‐6000, 11% w/v Na₂SO₄ and heating assistance at 50°C for 25 min. The calibration curves for the two analytes were linear ranging from 0.001 to 10.0 mg L^?1, with correlation coefficients being 0.99 determined by a HPLC–UV detector. Under the condition, the average recoveries were 85.4–90.6% for water, 84.4–92.7% for soil, and 84.4–92.1% for vegetable. Thus, the method presented here was proved to be rapid, efficient, and green for extraction and determination of isoproturon and prometryne residues from food and multi‐environmental media.     

Spatial distributions of δ13C, δ15N and C/N ratios in suspended particulate organic matter of a bay under serious anthropogenic influences: Daya Bay,China

Stable isotopic signatures (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) and C/N ratios of suspended particulate organic matter (POM) were investigated from the surface water of Daya Bay during summer and winter of 2015. The relatively high δ¹³C_POM values suggested the input of ¹³C-depleted terrigenous organic matter was low in Daya Bay. There were significant correlations between δ¹³C_POM values and chlorophyll a concentrations both during summer and winter, suggesting the δ¹³C_POM values were mainly controlled by the phytoplankton biomass in the surface water. The distribution of δ¹⁵N_POM values was more complicated than that of δ¹³C_POM and displayed low values in the outer bay and the Dan'ao River estuary. ¹⁵N-depleted ammonia originating from industrial wastewater might have strongly influenced the water quality and stable isotopic signatures of POM near the Dan'ao River estuary. The δ¹³C_POM and δ¹⁵N_POM values strongly reflect the influences of anthropogenic activity and eutrophication in Daya Bay.     

Reducing the Common Environmental Effect on Litopenaeus vannamei Body Weight by Rearing Communally at Early Developmental Stages and Using a Reconstructed Pedigree

Heritability estimates may be severely biased when a large common environmental effect on a family arises from a longlasting separate rearing at early stages(SRES) in traditional selective breeding programs, especially when bred populations have weak genetic ties. Communal rearing at early stages(CRES) may reduce common environmental effect since all families are reared in the same environment immediately after hatching. Here, we compared the effects of CRES and SRES strategies on genetic parameter estimation for harvest body weight in a selective breeding population of Litopenaeus vannamei with a small number of half-sib families. Genetic parameters of each strategy were estimated by using animal models excluding and including the common environmental effect(Model 1 and Model 2, respectively). Heritability estimates for body weight were 0.21 ± 0.06(P 0.05) and 0.69 ± 0.09(P 0.05) for CRES and SRES, respectively, in Model 1, and 0.21 ± 0.06(P 0.05) and 0.52 ± 0.27(P 0.05) in Model 2. The ratio of common environmental variance to phenotypic variance was 0.002 ± 0.000 and 0.071 ± 0.112 for CRES and SRES, respectively. Neither strategy precisely partitioned the common environmental variance according to likelihood ratio test. Lower heritability for body weight in CRES than in SRES implied that a large common environmental variance was confounded with additive genetic variance and was not effectively partitioned in SRES. Moreover, genetic correlation of body weight between the two strategies was 0.75 ± 0.15, indicating that family rankings truly changed. The CRES should be followed in the selective breeding program of shrimp, especially in a population with a shallow pedigree and weak genetic ties between families.