中上扬子地区震旦纪末期古海洋环境研究的若干问题

本文通过调研大量文献,系统梳理了前人关于中上扬子地区震旦纪灯影期古海洋环境特征的研究方法和主要认识,特别是关于古海水的氧化还原条件、古温度和古盐度等3个要素。结果表明,震旦纪灯影组沉积时期,中上扬子地区的古海洋是一个水深较浅、并逐渐趋于氧化的浅海水体环境;古海水温度为7.0 ℃～38.6 ℃,且在灯影组晚期升高,主要为亚热带气候;海水盐度较新元古代早期有降低的趋势,但仍为海相环境,且灯影组二段和灯影组四段时期盐度相对更大。震旦纪灯影组沉积时期的古海洋环境在地质演化历史中具有重要的时空意义,能够为解释当时地球的气候条件和生物演化等方面的重大变化提供依据。现阶段研究中的问题包括：1）缺乏同时期古海洋氧化还原环境的区域对比;2）古海水绝对深度的研究十分薄弱;3）缺乏古海水盐度的直接指示依据。建议开展高分辨率古环境指示参数垂向序列和多剖面横向对比的研究,尝试定量分析氧气浓度随古海水绝对深度的变化规律,探索指示古海水盐度的直接依据。     

克拉通盆地基底结构特征及油气差异聚集浅析

克拉通盆地分布广泛，面积巨大，油气资源潜力和富集程度差异性也很大。把世界主要克拉通盆地按照其基底不均一特性划分为4种类型：裂谷拉张型（北美密歇根和伊利诺斯盆地）、拼接缝合型（中国塔里木和俄罗斯东西伯利亚盆地）、褶皱造山型（北美威利斯顿盆地）和稳定结晶型（澳洲卡奔塔里亚湾盆地等）。在对各类盆地深部基底结构和油气富集规律比较分析的基础上，初步认为发育在活动构造基底（裂谷、褶皱带、缝合线）上的克拉通盆地油气资源远远好于稳定结晶基底上形成的盆地，各类盆地的油气丰度排序为：裂谷型＞褶皱型＞拼接型＞稳定结晶型，不同类型的克拉通盆地油气成藏的主控因素也各有差异。     

湘西金矿尾矿—水相互作用：1．环境地球化学效应

湘西金矿在生产过程中产生了大量的尾矿。该区尾矿－水相互作用强烈，并引起了尾矿中重金属元素的释放、迁移和对水体－土壤、蔬菜等表生环境的重金属污染。污染程度较大的元素均为Au、Sb、As、Cd、Hg、W等，与尾矿中元素的富集特征相一致。尾矿中重金属元素的水迁移能力由大到小顺序为Au、Cd、W、Sb、Pb、As、Zn、Cu。元素的生物吸收系数由大至小顺序为Cd、Au、Zn、Hg、Sb、Cu、Pb、As、W。植物中金属元素浓度主要受土壤中的浓度、植物种类和吸收的影响。     

Seismic features and origin of sediment waves in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

Sediment waves have been documented around the world for several decades, and their origins are still debated because of their various characteristics in different settings. Based on numerous high-resolution seismic profiles and two boreholes, sediment waves are identified in deepwater areas of the eastern Qiongdongnan Basin, and their distribution and seismic features are illustrated. Combined with the bathymetry, the potential origins of these sediment waves are discussed. Drilling in the central canyon revealed that the channel infill comprises some along-slope fine-grained turbidites, which are good reservoir for gas plays. The sediment waves are distributed on the banks of the central canyon and their seismic features indicate that most of them are caused by turbidity current overflows along the canyon. Although previous researches on these sediment waves suggested that they were of westward-flowing contourite origin, detailed topographic map derived from the seafloor reflector on seismic data shows that there is a N–S trending ridge at the east part of sediment wave zones, which could block and divert the bottom current. According to the geometry of sediment waves, the flow thicknesses across the entire wave field are calculated as 280–560 m, and the current velocity falls in the range of 30–130 cm/s, which would favor a fine-grained composition and could be a good reservoir because of the better sorting of turbidites than contourites or other gravity flow deposits.     

2010年冬春气候异常对锡林郭勒盟农牧业的影响

气候异常常出现极端天气气候事件和严重的气象灾害,对人类活动和农业生产有严重影响。锡林郭勒盟2009年冬至2010年春气温异常偏低,降水多,一些地区冬季的极端最低气温突破了历史极值。低温多雨的春季气候虽然为牧草生长和农作物播种提供了较好的水分条件,但异常偏低的气温造成严重的热量条件不足,导致锡林郭勒盟大部地区牧草返青期推迟了15~20天,主要作物播种期推迟了10~15天,影响了牧草和农作物生产,推迟了牲畜采青。     

新经济地理学与传统经济地理学之比较研究

自20世纪90年代以来，藤田、克鲁格曼、维纳布斯等以迪克西特和斯蒂格利茨垄断竞争模型为基础，用不完全竞争、报酬递增和市场外部性等理念构建新的经济地理模型，掀起了一场“新经济地理学”革命。新经济地理学在理论基础、研究特点和方法等方面与传统经济地理学表现出明显不同，其理论创新受到经济学界和地理学界的普遍关注。但是，也有一些学者对它提出了同样引人注目的抨击。通过对新经济地理学与传统经济地理学进行比较，对一些重大理论假设、研究方法与特点进行简要分析，有助于廓清对新经济地理学与传统经济地理学之异同的正确认识，以期推动新经济地理学的理论研究与应用以及新经济地理学与传统经济地理学领域的学术交流。     

Soil geochemistry and groundwater contamination in an arsenic-affected area of the Datong Basin,China

This study describes the geochemistry of the topsoils from an arsenic (As)-affected area of the Datong Basin and identifies the possible sources and the enrichment mechanisms of As in groundwater. A total of 122 soil samples were collected from the study area. Analytical results indicate that soil As is higher than the average value of the Shanxi province topsoils. Fertilizer application and weathering of the bedrock both contributed to the presence of elements, including As, in the soil of the area. Furthermore, these elements may be strongly bound to Fe and Mn oxides/hydroxides. In addition, the depletion of K indicates that this element is readily leached into the groundwater rather than being retained in the soils. A groundwater area with high As levels corresponding spatially to soil samples with no As accumulation clearly shows the effects of irrigation or salt flushing on the soil compositions. Arsenic can be mobilized under reducing condition due to organic matter input or changes in redox conditions induced by irrigation or salt flushing and can be transported with vertically recharged water into shallow, unconfined aquifers, thus elevating the As concentration in groundwater.     

Middle Holocene Organic Carbon and Biomarker Records from the South Yellow Sea: Relationship to the East Asian Monsoon

The East Asian monsoon system influences the sedimentation and transport of organic matter in East Asian marginal seas that is derived from both terrestrial and marine sources. In this study, we determined organic carbon (OC) isotope values, concentrations of marine biomarkers, and levels of OC and total nitrogen (TN) in core YSC-1 from the central South Yellow Sea (SYS). Our objectives were to trace the sources of OC and variations in palaeoproductivity since the middle Holocene, and their relationships with the East Asian monsoon system. The relative contributions of terrestrial versus marine organic matter in core sediments were estimated using a two-end-member mixing model of OC isotopes. Results show that marine organic matter has been the main sediment constituent since the middle Holocene. The variation of terrestrial organic carbon concentration (OCter) is similar to the EASM history. However, the variation of marine organic carbon concentration (OCmar) is opposite to that of the EASM curve, suggesting OCmar is distinctly influenced by terrestrial material input. Inputs of terrestrial nutrients into the SYS occur in the form of fluvial and aeolian dust, while concentrations of nutrients in surface water are derived mainly from bottom water via the Yellow Sea circulation system, which is controlled by the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). Variations in palaeoproductivity represented by marine organic matter and biomarker records are, in general, consistent with the recent EAWM intensity studies, thus, compared with EASM, EAWM may play the main role to control the marine productivity variations in the SYS.     

东北地震区小震资料完整性分析及其对地震活动性参数的影响研究

以东北地震区为例,基于G-R关系的震级·频度分布原理,研究了东北地震区最小完整性震级MC的时间分布特征和各时段的空间分布特征,统计了研究区内的地震活动性参数,探讨了小震资料完整性分析对地震活动性参数和地震危险性计算结果的影响.研究表明,对区域小震资料进行完整性分析,可以在低水平地震活动地区获得较准确的地震活动性参数,更好地反映了该区未来的地震活动趋势.本文的研究方法和结论可供地震资料完整性分析和地震活动性分析时参考.     

平度旧店金矿区同成矿构造与金的富集关系

旧店金矿区有金矿脉40余条,矿脉受不同方向的构造控制明显,依据不同方向的构造特征厘定出与金矿的富集关系,其中EW,NE向构造为成矿前期构造,NNE向构造为成矿期构造(即同成矿构造),NW向构造为成矿后期构造,而NNE向同成矿构造为金的富集提供了有利的构造条件.