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301.
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Metric and decimetric type III bursts and microwave spike emissions with negative and positive frequency drift rates which were observed with radio spectrometers at Yunnan and Beijing Observatories are presented. The frequencies and heights at which the bidirectional electron beams originated are estimated. Three events reveal a separatrix frequency (at 250, 1300, and 2900 MHz) between normal- and reverse-drifting radio bursts, indicating a compact acceleration source where electron beams are injected in both upward and downward directions. These cases may indicate that the changeover frequencies of bidirectional electron beams are within a large band from 250 to 2900 MHz and the frequency bands of separatrices are in very small (4 to 100 MHz) and different bands. These type III bursts appear to be a plasma emission phenomenon from a beam of electrons which seem to have widely separated acceleration regions from the high to the low corona. These cases suggest that current sheets that separate open and closed magnetic fluxes in the low corona, and oppositely directed open field lines in the high corona are possible sites for bidirectional electron acceleration. The regions of magnetic topology from closed to open magnetic field structures should be very large (from about 20000 to 107000 km above the photosphere). 相似文献
303.
Xie Ping 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1):14-27
Because of the obvious importance of P as a nutrient that often accelerates growth of phytoplankton (including toxic cyanobacteria) and therefore worsens water quality, much interest has been devoted to P exchange across the sediment-water interface. Generally, the release mode of P from the sediment differed greatly between shallow and deep lakes, and much of the effort has been focused on iron and oxygen, and also on the relevant environmental factors, for example, turbulence and decomposition, but a large part of the P variation in shallow lakes remains unexplained. This paper reviews experimental and field studies on the mechanisms of P release from the sediment in the shallow temperate (in Europe) and subtropical (in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China) lakes, and it is suggested that pH rather than DO might be more important in driving the seasonal dynamics of internal P loading in these shallow lakes, i.e., intense photosynthesis of phytoplankton increases pH of the lake water and thus may increase pH of the surface sediment, leading to enhanced release of P (especially iron-bound P) from the sediment. Based on the selective pump of P (but not N) from the sediment by algal blooms, it is concluded that photosynthesis which is closely related to eutrophication level is the driving force for the seasonal variation of internal P loading in shallow lakes. This is a new finding. Additionally, the selective pump of P from the sediment by algal blooms not only explains satisfactorily why both TP and PO4-P in the hypereutrophic Lake Donghu declined significantly since the mid-1980s when heavy cyanobacterial blooms were eliminated by the nontraditional biomanipulation (massive stocking of the filter-feeding silver and bighead carps), but also explains why TP in European lakes decreased remarkably in the spring clear-water phase with less phytoplankton during the seasonal succession of aquatic communities or when phytoplankton biomass was decreased by traditional biomanipulation. Compared with deep lakes, wax and wane of phytoplankton due to alternations in the ecosystem structure is also able to exert significant influences on the P exchange at the sediment-water interface in shallow lakes. In other words, biological activities are also able to drive P release from sediments, and such a static P release process is especially more prominent in eutrophic shallow lakes with dense phytoplankton. 相似文献
304.
The changes of NH3-N, NO3-N, NO2-N and TN/TP were studied during growth and non-growth season in 33 subtropical shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There were significant positive correlations among all nutrient concentrations, and the correlations were better in growth season than in non-growth season. When TP>0.1 mgL?1, NH3-N increased sharply in non-growth season with increasing TP, and NO3-N increased in growth season but decreased in non-growth season with TP. These might be attributed to lower dissolved oxygen and low temperature in non-growth season of the hypereutrophic lakes, since nitrification is more sensitive to dissolved oxygen and temperature than antinitrification. When 0.1 mgL?1>TP>0.035 mgL?1, TN and all kinds of inorganic nitrogen were lower in growth season than in non-growth season, and phytoplankton might be the vital regulating factor. When TP<0.035 mgL?1, inorganic nitrogen concentrations were relatively low and NH3-N, NO2-N had significant correlations with phytoplankton, indicating that NH3-N and NO2-N might be limiting factors to phytoplankton. In addition, TN/TP went down with decline in TP concentration, and TN and inorganic nitrogen concentrations were obviously lower in growth season than in non-growth season, suggesting that decreasing nitrogen (especially NH3-N and NO3-N) was an important reason for the decreasing TN/TP in growth season. The ranges of TN/TP were closely related to trophic level in both growth and non-growth seasons, and it is apparent that in the eutrophic and hypertrophic state the TN/TP ratio was obviously lower in growth season than in non-growth season. The changes of the TN/TP ratio were closely correlated with trophic levels, and both declines of TN in the water column and TP release from the sediment were important factors for the decline of the TN/TP ratio in growth season. 相似文献
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306.
基于GIS的土地利用规划公众参与研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在介绍公众参与在土地利用规划中的地位、作用、方式的基础上,提出将GIS应用于土地利用规划公众参与,提出了GIS辅助土地利用规划公众参与的主要功能,对照国内外GIS应用探讨了GIS辅助土地利用规划公众参与的模式,结合土地利用规划各阶段公众参与的特点提出的GIS辅助土地利用规划公众参与的框架。 相似文献
307.
气象条件对高速公路路面抗滑性能影响的试验 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
对高速公路路面抗滑性能与温度、路面状况及使用融雪剂等不同条件的关系进行测试和分析,测试在实验室条件下和实际路面上分别进行。测试及分析结果表明:路面抗滑性能因气温和路面状况不同而有很大差异,尤其是冬季的冰雪和低温天气,对路面抗滑性能的不利影响最为显著。此外,气象条件与路面实际抗滑性能的关系还与其标准抗滑性能有关。 相似文献
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该文对北京地区单双频地基GPS大气水汽监测网布网依据、单频与双频地基GPS测量数据解算技术应用、GAMIT和Bernese地基GPS数据分析处理软件应用、远程遥控GPS数据采集与通讯系统、资料分析与数值同化应用等方面的工作进展进行简要介绍,重点讨论了单双频地基GPS大气水汽资料的解算技术及其应用效果。结果表明:在北京天气敏感区通过单双频地基GPS接收机合理组网布局,可构建并利用高分辨率电离层延迟订正技术将单频接收机的大气水汽监测精度提高到实用水平,为强降水天气预报提供有价值的产品。 相似文献
310.
1引言2005年1月黑龙江省地面测报业务更换业务软件,OSSMO2004取代了原来的AHDM4.0,由于OSSMO2004发报的流程和黑龙江省的发报流程不同,同时编发的航危报报文和黑龙江省规定的格式不一致,航危报还要用AHDM4.0来编发,给业务人员带来了 相似文献