澜沧—耿马地震震源动力学参数研究

本文使用沧澜—耿马地震主震后在震区建立的数字地震仪记录,用波谱法测算澜沧—耿马余震的震源动力学参数。就这些参数的统计特征,对该双主震型两主震区的地下介质不同状态予以讨论。     

断裂对地下水力扩散的影响及其与诱发地震关系的讨论

本文重点讨论了断裂规模、断裂相交网络和断裂力学的性质对地下水力扩散的影响,及其与诱发地震的关系。指出断裂密集成带的地方,水力扩散大。根据流体流动规律,水力扩散沿断裂方向流体流速大,断裂越长越深,沿断裂方向水力扩散距离就越大。而水力扩散随深度的变化,由于不同深度上岩性变化和应力状态的不同,有的深度上的岩类可能出现扩容而增大水力扩散。因此它并不是随围压的增大而单值地减少。 文章指出断裂的末端和断裂的交汇处是地下水富集的地方,在水富集地方的四周,水力扩散比其它地方要大。另外现代活动的张性和张扭性断裂比压性和压扭性断裂的水力扩散大。文章还提出水沿断裂扩散是水库诱发地震的直接原因。水力扩散大的断裂,水库诱发地震的可能性大,规模大而活的断裂诱发地震的震级可能大。     

Analysis of Some Characteristics of the Fault Activities in Eastern China by Satellite Images

Active faults have special electromagnetic effect and remote sensing characteristics, and exhibit unique im-agery marks in satellite images. A comprehensive comparison of images of active faults in eastern China and ananalysis of geologic and geomorphic data can tell us some characteristics of fault activity in the area during theneotectonic period: 1) The fault activities of the north-south tectonic zone, North China and Taiwan werestronger than those of southeastern and northeastern China; 2) the faulting in the north-south tectonic zone,North China and Taiwan has continued up to now, and most of the fault activites in southeastern andnorth-eastern China have become weaker since the Middle Pleistocene; 3) the activity is unsteady in time, mostbeing intermittent, or episodic, i.e. alternately strong and weak; 4) most active faults of a definite size can be di-vided into several segments which somewhat differ from each other in the characteristics of the activity.     

遥感瞬时作物表面温度估算农田全日蒸散总量

本文介绍了用一日一次观测资料计算全日农田蒸散总量的模式,该模式由二部分公式组成,一是计算瞬时农田蒸散量的空气动力学阻抗——能量平衡公式,另一是根据遥感作物表面温度、农田净辐射、土壤热通量等参数的一次观测资料,计算全天蒸散总量。     

The New Meteorite Fall of Yanzhuang—A Severely Shocked H6 Chondrite with Black Molten Materials

At 21:45 hr (Beijing time) on Oct. 31, 1990 the Yanzhuang meteorite hit the ground at the Yanzhuang village, Wenyuan County, Guangdong Province. Several fragments, totalling 3.5 kg, were recovered during the field survey. This meteorite is a rare one of its kind due to its heavily shocked features and thick veins made up of black molten materials. Olivine and low-calcium pyroxene are compositionally homogeneous with Fa=18.59, Fs=16.35 and Wo=1.29. The chemical composition (total Fe=28.0%) and recrystallized texture of the chondritic mass show that the Yanzhuang is an H6 chondrite. The black molten materials occur in the form of blocks (up to 2×3×4 cm in size) and veins (0.1–15 mm in width), and contain a lot of rounded and elliptic FeNi-FeS blobs (up to 6–10 mm in length). The metal in these blobs exhibits distinct dendritic structure characteristic of rapid cooling. Unmolten and molten samples are very similar in chemical composition, fitting well with the average H-chondrites. Partial melting and FeNi/FeS-silicate separation have not been observed in the molten materials of the Yanzhuang. This project was financially supported by the Science Foundation of Guangdong Province.     

伊通地堑层序构成及层序地层格架样式

伊通地堑充填白垩系、下第三系、上第三系和第四系碎屑沉积物，厚约２０００～６０００ｍ。地堑内主要发育冲积扇体系、扇三角洲体系和湖泊体系，在地堑不同演化阶段分别构成６种沉积体系域类型．层序地层格架主要受控于构造、物源体系、湖的扩展及萎缩旋回和沉积中心分布。层序地层格架样式显示南北向隆回相间、东缓西陡的不对称式充填特征。     

微机遥感图像应用处理系统

本文详细介绍了我们研制的微机遥感图像应用处理系统。它的硬件部分以四台微机为主,采用分布式联接,组成四个子系统,可供1—4人同时操作,能方便地输入输出多种数据和图像。该系统的软件部分,由对应硬件子系统的四个软件包组成,即磁带机数据采集软件包,图像显示软件包,专题制图软件包及遥感应用处理软件包。作为重点的第四部分软件,是在遥感应用工作者的经验和工作方法的基础上设计的,它收集和综合了各种实用处理方法,比通用的图像处理软件包更具有遥感应用的特色。     

光纤通讯在计算机系统中的应用

文中介绍了我们在计算机光纤闭环控制系统中关于在光纤通讯方面新做的一些工作。它包括串行通讯中波特率在很宽范围内(0—250K bit/s)可变的光发射与光接收电路和一个简单的同步与数据的编码与解码电路。     

Fuzzy cluster analysis in geochemical exploration

As a classification method, cluster analysis has been widely used in geology and geochemical exploration, but sometimes the results of clustering were difficult to interpret, or missclassification of geochemically similar members into entirely different clusters might occur. The reason for this is suggested and discussed. A new technique, fuzzy clustering is introduced. Comparision of the results of fuzzy clustering with conventional clustering using a set of hypothetical data is made. An example of a practical application indicating the apparent merits of fuzzy clustering is given. This technique might show great promise when applicated to geochemical exploration problems.     

应力作用下层状砂岩电阻率的变化特征

本实验是在室温条件下对兰州河口砂岩进行了单轴加载,在与加载方向平行、垂直和成45°角的方向上观测了电阻率的变化特征。主要的实验结果是: (1)垂直层理加载时电阻率ρ_(?)(平行于加载方向)和ρ_(?)(垂直于加载方向)的变化分为三个阶段:上升—平稳—下降。(2)平行层理加载时电阻率ρ_(?)和ρ的变化表现出明显的各向异性。不论平行或是垂直层理加栽,在与层理面45°角的方向上的电阻率变化均较小。本文还对上述结果进行了定性解释。由于这种砂岩的放大因子较小(10—10~2),所以不适宜做地电台址。