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991.
多级速度梯度的建立理论上可为絮体的成长创造更理想的环境。目前对流化床混凝工艺的研究多是基于单级速度梯度开展的。以粒径为800 μm 和1 200 μm的树脂颗粒为固相,建立多级速度梯度流化床混凝装置,探讨絮体的成长与形态特征。研究结果表明:在单级速度梯度流化床混凝装置中,当以1 200 μm树脂颗粒为固相颗粒、混凝时间为50.3 s时,絮体发生破碎,混凝效率较混凝时间为41.8 s时降低3%;相同初始填充高度的多级速度梯度条件下,絮体尺寸随着混凝时间的延长而逐渐增加,由5.7 μm成长至70.0~75.0 μm,同时混凝效率也较单级速度梯度下提高了5%~10%。絮体之间的碰撞为絮体成长的主要模式。 相似文献
992.
993.
Recently constructed concrete‐faced rockfill dams (CFRDs) often use soft inter‐slab joints to prevent axial compression‐induced extrusion damage in the concrete face. Due to the complexity of the multibody contact and the lack of information on the actual behavior of soft joints, it is highly challenging to numerically assess the effect of soft joints in CFRDs. In this paper, we present a numerical approach for the three‐dimensional modeling of CFRDs with hard and soft joints. A dual mortar finite element method with Lagrange multiplier is developed to treat the multibody contact in hard joints with impenetrability condition. The soft joint slab‐filler‐slab contact system is modeled using an equivalent contact interface approach, where the soft contact constraints are imposed using a perturbed Lagrange formulation. Through a series of laboratory tests, the mechanical behavior of soft joint is investigated. An extrusion model for the soft joint is presented and implemented in the dual mortar finite element method. The proposed numerical method is applied to the three‐dimensional analysis of Tianshengqiao‐1 CFRD. Despite the complex multibody contact and strong material and geometry nonlinearities in the CFRD, the proposed method is stable and capable of capturing salient characteristics of the CFRD. Numerical results show that in Tianshengqiao‐1, the employment of soft joints can effectively reduce the axial compression stress, thus greatly alleviating the risk of extrusion damage in the concrete face. 相似文献
994.
Fan Wang Bin Zhou Xingmei Liu Gendi Zhou Keli Zhao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(6):1669-1677
Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is an important parameter for monitoring coastal water quality. Suspended particles are also the main optically active substances for ocean color remote sensing. It is important to study the surface reflectance spectra features of coastal turbid water, as it can be the basis for establishing more accurate remote-sensing inversion models. In this study, Hangzhou Bay, China, was selected as the study area. Two in situ measurement and sampling stations in the estuary of the Qiantang River which flows into Hangzhou Bay were set up separately. Above-water spectrum observation method, which the NASA recommended, was adopted to measure the reflection spectrum of turbid waters. Surface water samples were simultaneously collected to obtain the corresponding SSC data. The results showed that the total suspended particle concentrations in the Hangzhou Bay were typically high, and the inorganic suspended particle concentrations were far greater than the phytoplankton concentrations, which averages 705?mg/L and 1.16?mg/m3. The SSC at two sampling stations both showed significant temporal variability, particularly appearing short-period rapid fluctuations accompanying the tidal cycle. The measured surface water reflectance spectra all showed typical curve characteristics of high turbid water, and as the SSC increased, the corresponding reflectivity of surface water also increased. The increments at different wavelengths were variational, with two reflectance peaks appearing at 650?C700-nm and near the 800-nm wavelength of spectral curves, respectively. The first derivative of spectral curves showed that the first reflectance peak location appeared to be a ??red shift?? phenomenon with the SSC increasing. The correlation coefficients between the SSC of surface water and the remote-sensing reflectance according to moderate resolution imaging spectra-radiometer (MODIS) channels?? central wavelength were different significantly, which were larger at MODIS long-wavelength channels (>650?nm) and smaller at MODIS short-wavelength channels (400?C550?nm). The value of determination coefficient R 2 was 0.82 when the reflectance ratio of MODIS band 2 to band 1 was selected as the SSC sensitive bands combination and exponential regression analysis was employed. Therefore, the reflectance ratio of MODIS band 2 to band 1 can be adopted as the main band combination for establishing surface water SSC remote-sensing inversion model in the Hangzhou Bay. 相似文献
995.
996.
997.
通过改造格尔谢万诺夫打桩公式,提供了夯扩桩沉管控制贯入度计算表达式,在此 ,介绍了沉积控制贯入度在夯扩桩设计和施工中的用途,并举例验证。 相似文献
998.
伊乐藻—草鱼圈养复合生态系统中水生生物的变化和影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
从细菌、浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物和有机碎屑等几个方面分析了养鱼对伊乐藻种植区(以下简称为有草区)和无草区水域环境的影响。结果表明:两个区域存在着显著的差异性。有草区由于生长着茂密的水生植被,对环境压迫的缓冲能力增强,水生生物的群落结构较为稳定,物种多样性指数高于无草区,有机物的沉降速率也大大低于无草区。与此相比,无草区对环境压迫的缓冲能力较差,水体浮游植物数量增加,富营养化加剧。通过本项实验可以看出,人工种植伊乐藻对养鱼区水质有着明显地控制作用,是发展生态渔业的一条有效途径。 相似文献
999.
老厂矿区煤中汞的成因类型和赋存状态 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
老厂矿区无烟煤中的汞有两种成因类型:陆源沉积型和后期矿化叠加型,后者的含汞丰度显著高于前者。低硫煤中汞的主要载体为粘土矿物,高硫煤中为黄铁矿;有机汞含量较低并随煤中黄铁矿含量及其含汞性的增高而增高。根据实测数据计算了不同类型煤中各物质成分的汞丰度;对煤中汞的可造性作了初步评价;预测了燃煤电站排气中汞的平均浓度。 相似文献
1000.
华南晚三叠世前陆盆地的成因地层格架及演化历史 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在详细研究盆地中各类沉积体系的沉积构成和演化过程的基础上,通过成因地层对比,建立了残留海湾—前陆盆地的成因地层格架。根据沉积体系的时空组合及其与相关等时性地层面的配置关系,划分出了3个构造沉积幕,每个构造沉积幕都是盆地基底荷载挠曲变形至弹性回跳过程的沉积响应。海平面升降变化和盆内软沉积物压实沉降虽然不能触发和主控盆地基底的构造挠曲旋回,但对各构造沉积幕的地层构型和持续时间有重要影响。盆地基底荷载挠曲变形与海平面升降或压实沉降过程以不同方式叠加,产生各种类型的构造沉积幕,与前陆盆地共生的还有后陆盆地和残留的弧后盆地。 相似文献