Two new species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cobitis</Emphasis> Linnaeus (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from southern China

Two new species of the genus Cobitis from southern China, C. hereromacula from the Luohe River in Guangdong Province and C. baishagensis from the Nandujiang River in Hainan Province, are described and illustrated here. C. hereromacula can be distinguished from its congeners by possessing the following combination of characteristics: absence of the second and third pigmentary zones of Gambetta; 13–16 oval blotches on the dorsum and 10–13 vertical, elongated triangular blotches below the midlateral line with more than 20 vertical dark brown bars between them; 6–7 narrow rows of dark spots on the caudal fin; a vertical oval spot smaller than the eye diameter on the upper part of the caudal peduncle; pointed mental lobes of the lower lip pointed with a slightly filiform tip; one slender and long needle-shaped lamina circularis at the base of the first branched ray of the male pectoral fins. C. baishagensis can be distinguished from its congeners by the fourth Gambetta zone being covered by 10–12 transverse elongated blotches; 4–5 narrow rows of dark spots on the caudal fin; a vertical blotch smaller than the eye diameter on the upper part of the caudal peduncle; males with a slender and long needle-shaped lamina circularis at the second branched pectoral fin ray in males; large scales with a slightly large focal zone; undeveloped mental lobes with a lower lip that does not end posteriorly in a filiform tip.     

贵州松桃大屋锰矿床主要地质特征与找矿预测

松桃大屋锰矿是贵州省地矿局103地质队于上世纪70年代勘查评价的中型锰矿床。锰矿产于南华系大塘坡组第一段黑色岩系底部,矿体呈层状、似层状产出,矿层走向北东约70°,矿体平均厚1. 42 m,平均品位18. 85%。矿区从北西向南东,含锰岩系、锰矿体从无到有。大屋锰矿床只保留了古天然气渗漏沉积成矿系统中的过渡相和边缘相,中心相应在齐公坡一带,但已被剥蚀殆尽。通过构造古地理恢复分析,推测南华纪大屋地堑盆地长大于14 km、宽约4 km,沿北东70°方向展布。预测盆地北东柳树塘、大坳至孟溪一带还具有发现中-大型规模锰矿床的潜力。     

贵州松桃高地特大型富锰矿床主要地质特征

位于贵州铜仁松桃国家锰矿整装勘查区内的高地富锰矿床,(332)+(333)类碳酸锰富锰矿石资源量达7 166. 84万吨,锰平均品位25. 75%,矿体平均厚度4. 52 m,富锰矿体赋存于总资源量达1. 61亿吨的高地超大型锰矿床之中,由一个单一的富锰矿体构成,是我国新发现的首个特大型富锰矿床,富锰矿资源量相当于我国富锰矿资源量总和的2倍。成因类型属古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床,富锰矿产于古天然气渗漏沉积成矿系统中心相区。高地富锰矿床地处独特的"新月形"南华纪早期李家湾-高地-道坨(Ⅳ级)地堑盆地中心,菱锰矿体中均出现以块状构造夹被沥青充填的气泡状富菱锰矿石。地表燕山期北北东向的断裂构造十分发育,但主要为上陡下缓犁式正断层,未触及高地深部隐伏巨型锰矿体,以致富锰矿体保存亦十分完整,易于开发利用。     

Experimental study of quartz inclusions in garnet at pressures up to 3.0 GPa: evaluating validity of the quartz-in-garnet inclusion elastic thermobarometer

Garnet crystals with quartz inclusions were hydrothermally crystallized from oxide starting materials in piston–cylinder apparatuses at pressures from 0.5 to 3 GPa and temperatures ranging from 700 to 800 °C to study how entrapment conditions affect remnant pressures of quartz inclusions used for quartz-in-garnet (QuiG) elastic thermobarometry. Systematic changes of the 128, 206 and 464 cm^?1 Raman band frequencies of quartz were used to determine pressures of quartz inclusions in garnet using Raman spectroscopy calibrations that describe the P–T dependencies of Raman band shifts for quartz under hydrostatic pressure. Within analytical uncertainties, inclusion pressures calculated for each of the three Raman band frequencies are equivalent, which suggests that non-hydrostatic stress effects caused by elastic anisotropy in quartz are smaller than measurement errors. The experimental quartz inclusions have pressures ranging from ??0.351 to 1.247 GPa that span the range of values observed for quartz inclusions in garnets from natural rocks. Quartz inclusion pressures were used to model P–T conditions at which the inclusions could have been trapped. The accuracy of QuiG thermobarometry was evaluated by considering the differences between pressures measured during experiments and pressures calculated using published equation of state parameters for quartz and garnet. Our experimental results demonstrate that Raman measurements performed at room temperature can be used without corrections to estimate garnet crystallization pressures. Calculated entrapment pressures for quartz inclusions in garnet are less than ~?10% different from pressures measured during the experiments. Because the method is simple to apply with reasonable accuracy, we expect widespread usage of QuiG thermobarometry to estimate crystallization conditions for garnet-bearing silicic rocks.     

Estimating satellite phase fractional cycle biases based on Kalman filter

Phase fractional cycle biases (FCBs) originating from satellites and receivers destroy the integer nature of PPP carrier phase ambiguities. To achieve integer ambiguity resolution of PPP, FCBs of satellites are required. In former work, least squares methods are commonly adopted to isolate FCBs from a network of reference stations. However, it can be extremely time consuming concerning the large number of observations from hundreds of stations and thousands of epochs. In addition, iterations are required to deal with the one-cycle inconsistency among FCB measurements. We propose to estimate the FCB based on a Kalman filter. The large number of observations are handled epoch by epoch, which significantly reduces the dimension of the involved matrix and accelerates the computation. In addition, it is also suitable for real-time applications. As for the one-cycle inconsistency, a pre-elimination method is developed to avoid iterations and posterior adjustments. A globally distributed network consisting of about 200 IGS stations is selected to determine the GPS satellite FCBs. Observations recorded from DoY 52 to 61 in 2016 are processed to verify the proposed approach. The RMS of wide lane (WL) posterior residuals is 0.09 cycles while that of the narrow lane (NL) is about 0.05 cycles, which indicates a good internal accuracy. The estimated WL FCBs also have a good consistency with existing WL FCB products (e.g., CNES-GRG, WHU-SGG). The RMS of differences with respect to GRG and SGG products are 0.03 and 0.05 cycles. For satellite NL FCB estimates, 97.9% of the differences with respect to SGG products are within ±?0.1 cycles. The RMS of the difference is 0.05 cycles. These results prove the efficiency of the proposed approach.     

基于形态学特征和DNA条形码对中国沿海银口天竺鲷属(Jaydia)分类研究

本研究针对中国沿海银口天竺鲷属鱼类分类鉴定不清晰,同种异名多,种类误鉴等分类问题,结合形态特征比较与DNA条形码技术对其分类鉴定问题进行梳理。2014—2019年间于南海北部沿海采集101尾银口天竺鲷属鱼类标本,经形态学特征鉴定为：横带银口天竺鲷Jaydia striata（Smith&Radcliffe,1912）,特征为体侧有7—11褐色宽横带,腹鳍、臀鳍浅灰色;印度洋银口天竺鲷J.striatodes（Gon,1997）,特征为体侧有7—11褐色宽横带,臀鳍后缘黑色;白边银口天竺鲷J.novaeguineae（Valenciennes,1832）,特征为臀鳍、尾鳍最下缘为白边;黑边银口天竺鲷J.truncata（Bleeker,1855）特征为第二背鳍、臀鳍中部有一平行基底的黑色带,尾鳍后缘黑色带略宽;史密斯银口天竺鲷J.smithi Kotthaus,1970,特征为第二背鳍中部有一平行基底的黑色纵带,尾鳍后缘黑色带略细;斑鳍银口天竺鲷J.carinatus （Cuvier,1828）,特征为第二背鳍最末软条基底有一大黑斑;黑鳃银口天竺鲷J.poeciloptera （Cuvier,1828）,特征为臀鳍淡黄色,鳍膜间有一暗点。研究发现Apogon arafurae并不是J.truncata同种异名,学名应更正为Jaydia poeciloptera。基于线粒体COI基因K2P遗传距离显示,J.striata、J.smithi、J.truncata种内遗传距离大于2%。构建NJ系统发育树发现红海、阿拉伯海和北部湾的J.smithi分成2个单系支。结合NJ树分析发现,J.smithi和J.poeciloptera均出现错误鉴定,认为GenBank上传的序列（MH085808、JQ681491）存在误鉴,实为J.poeciloptera。     

AMS 14C age constraints on geoglyphs in the lower colorado river region,arizona and california

Giant ground figures are widespread in the lower Colorado River area of southwestern North America, yet their chronology has remained unconstrained by numerical ages. Thirteen AMS ¹⁴C measurements reported here indicate that geoglyphs were made from before ˜A. D. 1200 to before ˜900 B. C. We account for potential contamination from prior organics in weathering rinds. All other potential errors point to ¹⁴C dates being minimum-limiting ages for the manufacturing of geoglyphs. Although these ages indicate considerable chronological complexity among geoglyphs, our data are consistent with the linguistic hypothesis that the Yuman people in the desert of southeastern California migrated from Baja California—rather than from the north. These results must, however, be placed under the cloud of uncertainty that hangs over the entire field of AMS dating of rock art: the untested assumption surrounding contemporeneity of organics in a surface context. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

贵州松桃高地超大型锰矿床绿色勘查探索与实践

本文选择贵州松桃高地锰矿作为研究对象,从实际情况出发,编写了实施方案,在勘查过程中,分别从现场分区规划、道路修筑、生活区、工作区、安全环保文化建设、水资源保护以及固体废弃物管理七个方面进行具体实施,采用"一基多孔"技术,选择环保型清洗液,对开挖的地块进行了复垦复绿工作,整个勘查过程实现了生态环境的保护,环境恢复治理的落...     

Simulation of urban expansion via integrating artificial neural network with Markov chain – cellular automata

Accurate simulations and predictions of urban expansion are critical to manage urbanization and explicitly address the spatiotemporal trends and distributions of urban expansion. Cellular Automata integrated Markov Chain (CA-MC) is one of the most frequently used models for this purpose. However, the urban suitability index (USI) map produced from the conventional CA-MC is either affected by human bias or cannot accurately reflect the possible nonlinear relations between driving factors and urban expansion. To overcome these limitations, a machine learning model (Artificial Neural Network, ANN) was integrated with CA-MC instead of the commonly used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Logistic Regression (LR) CA-MC models. The ANN was optimized to create the USI map and then integrated with CA-MC to spatially allocate urban expansion cells. The validated results of kappa and fuzzy kappa simulation indicate that ANN-CA-MC outperformed other variously coupled CA-MC modelling approaches. Based on the ANN-CA-MC model, the urban area in South Auckland is predicted to expand to 1340.55 ha in 2026 at the expense of non-urban areas, mostly grassland and open-bare land. Most of the future expansion will take place within the planned new urban growth zone.     

浅论县（市）级土地利用数据库系统建设

随着经济的迅猛发展,各地土地利用情况多种多样,采用手工管理土地资料更新周期长,综合利用率低,各种查询统计要耗费大量的人力物力,而且统计计算的数据结果精度不高。因此仅仅依靠传统的手工管理模式已经远远不能满足土地管理工作的需要,为保质保量按时完成全国土地利用现状更新调查,加强地籍规范化管理,利用成熟的计算机技术辅助进行土地调查已势在必行。