大别山造山带中生代逆冲推覆构造系统

大别山造山带为一条中生代陆内造山带 ,其构造系统是由逆冲推覆构造组成的构造楔形体 ,尖端指向南。构成逆冲系统的 4条主干逆掩断层 ,由南向北呈后展式 (上叠式 )依次扩展 ,并使基底岩系和沉积盖层同时卷入构造变形 ,形成了大型薄皮构造 ,造成地壳缩短量达 46 8%。大别山造山带的逆冲推覆构造系统形成于早侏罗世晚期—早白垩世 (J3 1—K1)。     

金刚石包裹体中的古地幔信息

金刚石在地幔环境生长过程中会捕获一些包裹体，这些包裹体能够被金刚石携带到地球表层，金刚石包裹体保存有其生长时古地幔环境的信息，通过对这些包裹体的研究，,可以获取古地幔环境的信息，阐述了金铡石包裹体的特征，综述了金刚石包裹体在获取古地幔物理化学环境，相环境以及地幔信息方面的取得的一些成果。     

2000-2018年东亚地区云顶高度的时空变化特征

为了了解区域云顶高度对过去气候变化的响应,基于卫星搭载的MODIS传感器提供的2000年3月至2018年2月MOD03_08_v6.0数据,分析了东亚地区云顶高度2000—2018年的时空变化特征,并探讨其长期变化的原因。研究发现,东亚地区云顶高度呈西南高东北低的特征。云顶高度在东亚地区以0.020 km/a的变率增长,其中大陆东部云顶高度的年际变率为0.035 km/a,东部海域年际变率为0.034 km/a。在东部海域地区云顶高度的变化同海表温度的变化相关性较高,相关系数为0.68,这表明云顶高度的变化受下垫面的影响。在东亚地区30°~40°N区域内,年平均云顶高度的增加较为明显。此外,夏季云顶高度在长江中下游盆地、塔里木盆地、吐鲁番盆地以及四川盆地东北部呈-0.03 km/a的减少趋势,这是由于更多低云的形成降低了云顶高度;冬季云顶高度在东亚地区40°N以北呈下降趋势,而在40°N以南呈增加趋势。     

Progress in Climate Prediction and Weather Forecast Operations in China

The current status of weather forecasting and climate prediction, and the main progress China has made in recent years, are summarized in this paper. The characteristics and requirements of modern weather forecast operations are described briefly, and the significance of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) for future development is emphasized. The objectives and critical tasks for seamless short-term climate prediction that covers the extended-range (15-30 days), monthly, seasonal, annual, interannual and interdecadal timescales, are proposed.     

高低空急流在云南大范围暴雨过程中的作用及共同特征

通过对1980—1991年出现的46次云南全省性大范围暴雨过程的主要影响系统进行分型,找出云南暴雨的主要影响系统,利用美国国家环境预测中心NCEP再分析资料,对暴雨出现次数最多的11次冷锋切变型全省性大范围暴雨过程进行合成分析,揭示了在冷锋切变环流形势下云南大范围暴雨发生前后对流层高低空急流或强风速带的演变特征及其与大范围暴雨发生之间的关系,找出了它们的共同特征,并提取造成云南暴雨的强信号,以期对今后的暴雨预报提供依据。     

有限区域高分辨率模式的改进,发展及试验

对复杂地形条件下嵌套细网和数据模式进行了改进和发展，使之成为水平格距为５０ｋｍ，垂直分层为１１层的高分辨率模式。同时对其物理过程如积云对流参数化、边界层物理等也进行了改进，并将该模式程序优化为能在计算机工作站和微机上进行业务运行的数值预报系统。     

对流和层状云系电活动,对流及降水特性的相关分析

通过对６次不同云系电特性、回波、对流及降水特性的综合分析，探讨了它们之间的相关性。结果表明：除不稳定能量外，－１０℃层和０℃层高度以及他们之间的高度差、０℃层与云顶的高度差也是表征雷暴动力和电特性的重要参量；雷暴云起电过程对冰相作用有较强的依赖性；雷暴中的电活动与对流活动成正相关，闪电多发生在３０ｄＢｚ强回波高度大于－１０℃层高度时段内，强烈的电活动与强降雨有很好的对应关系，而与一般性降雨对应关系较差；在雷暴消散期，闪电可能会影响雷暴的特性     

Vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai

A comparative study on the vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai was conducted based on the data obtained from a micro pulse lidar.There was a distinct difference in layer thickness and extinction coefficient under the two types of weather conditions.Aerosols were concentrated below 1 km and the aerosol extinction coefficients ranged from 0.25 to 1.50km^-1 on haze days.In contrast,aerosols with smaller extinction coefficients(0.20 0.35 km^-1) accumulated mainly from the surface to 2 km on floating dust days.The seasonal variations of extinction and aerosol optical depth（AOD） for both haze and floating dust cases were similar greatest in winter,smaller in spring,and smallest in autumn.More than 85%of the aerosols appeared in the atmosphere below 1 km during severe haze and floating dust weather.The diurnal variation of the extinction coefficient of haze exhibited a bimodal shape with two peaks in the morning or at noon,and at nightfall,respectively.The aerosol extinction coefficient gradually increased throughout the day during floating dust weather.Case studies showed that haze aerosols were generated from the surface and then lifted up,but floating dust aerosols were transported vertically from higher altitude to the surface.The AOD during floating dust weather was higher than that during haze.The boundary layer was more stable during haze than during floating dust weather.     

西北区东部一次暴雨的数值模拟试验

运用双向嵌套的中尺度数值预报模式MM5，对1998年7月上旬西北区东部一次暴雨过程进行了高分辨率数值模拟和敏感性试验。结果表明，该模式能较好地模拟这次暴雨过程，对这次暴雨过程相关的中尺度系统的发生发展也作出了较成功的模拟；大尺度及积云对流尺度的凝结潜热在降水过程中是一个主要因子，潜热释放将加热中高层大气，促使高层大气辐散，低层辐合，垂直运动加强，导致较大的降水；初始时刻不同地区低层大气水汽含量的多寡直接对本次暴雨产生影响，并为这次暴雨提供了水汽源；地面水汽和感热的垂直输送为暴雨的发生发展补充了能量。     

Comparative analysis of different underlying surfaces using a high-resolution assimilation dataset in semi-arid areas in China

To study the land surface and atmospheric meteorological characteristics of non-uniform underlying surfaces in the semi-arid area of Northeast China, we use a “High-Resolution Assimilation Dataset of the water-energy cycle in China (HRADC)”. The grid points of three different underlying surfaces were selected, and their meteorological elements were averaged for each type (i.e., mixed forest, grassland, and cropland). For 2009, we compared and analyzed the different components of leaf area index (LAI), soil temperature and moisture, surface albedo, precipitation, and surface energy for various underlying surfaces in Northeast China. The results indicated that the LAI of mixed forest and cropland during the summer is greater than 5 m² m^?2 and below 2.5 m² m^?2 for grassland; in the winter and spring seasons, the Green Vegetation Fraction (GVF) is below 30%. The soil temperature and moisture both vary greatly. Throughout the year, the mixed forest is dominated by latent heat evaporation; in grasslands and croplands, the sensible heat flux and the latent heat flux are approximately equal, and the GVF contributed more to latent heat flux than sensible heat flux in the summer. This study compares meteorological characteristics between three different underlying surfaces of the semi-arid area of Northeast China and makes up for the insufficiency of purely using observations for the study. This research is important for understanding the water-energy cycle and transport in the semi-arid area.