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181.
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The finite element method is employed in the prediction of the dynamic transient response of two- and three-dimensional solids exhibiting geometric (large deformations) and material (elasto-plastic) non-linearities. Explicit time marching schemes are adopted for integration of the dynamic equilibrium equation and a diagonal ‘lumped’ mass matrix is employed with a special procedure applicable to parabolic isoparametric elements. A variety of problems are presented including a solid/fluid interaction situation, and the method is shown to be able to solve economically many problems of dynamic or catastrophic nature which can occur in such structures as nuclear reactors, containment vessels, etc. 相似文献
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M.A. BarucciE. Dotto J.R. BrucatoT.G. Müller P. MorrisA. Doressoundiram M. Fulchignoni M.C. De SanctisT. Owen J. CrovisierA. Le Bras L. ColangeliV. Mennella 《Icarus》2002,156(1):202-210
Observations of emissivity features of 10 Hygiea have been made for the first time in the relatively unexplored thermal-infrared wavelength region with the ISO (Infrared Space Observatory) satellite. Spectrophotomer (PHT-S) and short wavelength spectrometer (SWS) spectra of 10 Hygiea, obtained at 5.8-11.6 and 7-45 μm, respectively, are presented. In order to remove the thermal emission continuum, an advanced thermo-physical model has been applied to the observational data. To better interpret the spectral features above the thermal emission continuum, we compared the ISO observations with laboratory spectra available in the literature. Several laboratory experiments on minerals and meteorites have been performed to complete the analysis and to study the spectral behavior at various grain sizes. A possible spectral similarity with CO carbonaceous chondrites at small grain size is demonstrated. 相似文献
186.
Migmatitic granulites from the Indian Head Range (IHR) are dominated by granoblastic, Opx-bearing (quartz) dioritic gneiss with subordinate garnet+orthopyroxene+biotite+albite (±quartz±microcline±cordierite±sillimanite) gneiss and comparatively biotite-rich, sapphirine+cordierite+orthopyroxene+albite (±microcline±sillimanite±corundum) gneiss. The latter contains at least two generations of sapphirine and cordierite, one apparently predating migmatization, the other associated with or following this event. Mineral thermobarometers yield temperatures up to 800 °C at 8 kbar. The IHR granulites have very high δ18O values (+10.8 to +14.5) which most likely indicate a sedimentary precursor. Their REE and HFSE contents resemble the trace element signature of post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS). Lithological analogues from other Grenvillian inliers in western Newfoundland have similar oxygen isotopic and immobile-element signatures. They too are interpreted as metasedimentary rocks. The IHR rocks, however, have unusually sodic compositions (e.g., Na2O/CaO and Na2O/K2O=2.1–22.5 and 0.93–13.8, respectively) and contain albite or sodic oligoclase despite their high metamorphic grade. The geochemical data indicate that these rocks were albitized prior to high-grade metamorphism. No counterpart of this event is recorded in granulites from the other inliers, indicating that the IHR may be highly allochthonous with respect to these other Grenvillian terranes. 相似文献
187.
Owen J. Dwyer 《The Professional geographer》1997,49(4):441-451
This paper surveys research about African Americans in six geography journals between 1911 and 1995. 176 journal articles about African Americans were identified. A chronological analysis of a subset of these articles shows that it was not until the 1960s that African Americans were studied to any appreciable degree by geographers. Since that time, geographers have continued this research, but unevenly; annual output varies widely. Popular topics have included considerations of spatial distributions, social problems, political participation, the development of black residence areas, and historical and cultural studies of African Americans. Recent research in this area has problematized the concept of “race” and investigated the mutual constitution of racial identity and place. 相似文献
188.
Owen K. Davis 《Climatic change》1994,26(2-3):271-287
Decreased solar activity correlates with positive cosmogenic isotope anomalies, and with cool, wet climate in temperate regions of the world. The relationship of isotope anomalies to climate may be the opposite for areas influenced by monsoonal precipitation, i.e., negative anomalies may be wet and warm. Petersen (1988) has found evidence for increased summer precipitation in the American Southwest that can be shown to be coincident with negative14C anomalies during the Medieval Warm Period. The present study compares palynological indicators of lake level for the Southwest with Petersen's data and with the14C isotope chronology. Percentages of aquatic pollen and algae from three sites within the Arizona Monsoon record greater lake depth or fresher water from A.D. 700–1350, between the Roman IV and Wolf positive isotope anomalies, thereby supporting Petersens's findings. Maximum summer moisture coincides with maximum population density of prehistoric people of the Southwest. However, water depth at a more northern site was low at this time, suggesting a climateisotope relationship similar to that of other temperate regions. Further analysis of latitudinal patterns is hampered by inadequate14C dating. 相似文献
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In this paper an attempt is made to study the spatial division of labour in Britain, through an investigation of the changing structure of employment in the manufacturing sector between 1971 and 1981. The separate impacts of loss in the volume of manufacturing employment, change in the balance between production and non-production activities in the occupational structure and the spatial shift of the population employed in manufacturing upon spatial variations in manufacturing employment change are tentatively identified. Data on the socio-economic composition of the population employed in manufacturing from the Small Area Statistics of the Censuses of Population for 1971 and 1981 are used to measure the impact of these processes at the local labour market area (LLMA) scale and to draw conclusions for the future employment prospects of different parts of Britain. 相似文献