琼东南盆地中央坳陷带拆离断层及其控盆作用

Using regional geological, newly acquired 2D and 3D seismic, drilling and well log data, especially 2D long cable seismic profiles, the structure and stratigraphy in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin are interpreted. The geometry of No.2 fault system is also re-defined, which is an important fault in the central depression belt of the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin by employing the quantitative analysis techniques of fault activity and backstripping. Furthermore, the dynamical evolution of the No.2 fault sys-tem and its controls on the central depression belt are analyzed. This study indicates that the Qiongdongnan Basin was strongly influenced by the NW-trending tensile stress field during the Late Eocene. At this time, No.2 fault system initiated and was characterized by several discontinuous fault segments, which controlled a series small NE-trending fault basins. During the Oligocene, the regional extensional stress field changed from NW-SE to SN with the oceanic spreading of South China Sea, the early small faults started to grow along their strikes, eventually connected and merged as the listric shape of the No.2 fault system as ob-served today. No.2 fault detaches along the crustal Moho surface in the deep domain of the seismic profiles as a large-scale detachment fault. A large-scale rollover anticline formed in hanging wall of the detachment fault. There are a series of small fault basins in both limbs of the rollover anticline, showing that the early small basins were involved into fold deformation of the rollover anticline. Structurally, from west to east, the central depression belt is characterized by alternatively arranged graben and half-graben. The central depression belt of the Qiongdongnan Basin lies at the extension zone of the tip of the V-shaped northwest-ern ocean sub-basin of the South China Sea, its activity period is the same as the development period of the northwestern ocean sub-basin, furthermore the emplacement and eruption of magma that originated from the mantle b     

荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区生态系统健康的评价

根据人工鱼礁区生态环境效应、生物群落效应和生态系统功能效应特征,构建北方资源增殖型人工鱼礁区生态系统评价指标体系。采用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,通过综合指数法构建生态系统健康评价模型,分析人工鱼礁区生态系统的健康状况。基于2010—2011年荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区和对照区每月生态环境的调查数据,运用构建的生态系统健康评价模型对荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区生态系统的健康状况进行评价。结果显示:人工鱼礁区与对照区的年平均生态系统的健康综合指数分别为0.647和0.614,二者不存在明显差异,均为健康状况良好的生态系统。综合分析认为,荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区生物群落仍处于发展阶段,需对该礁区进行长期连续的调查监测,以进一步了解人工鱼礁的投放对海洋生态系统和渔业资源增殖的影响。     

湘东南中生代典型成矿花岗岩对比及成矿动力学

湘东南矿集区是南岭成矿带的重要组成部分。选取该矿集区内典型矿床的成矿花岗岩,利用成岩年龄、主量和微量元素组成、蛛网图及稀土元素配分模式等进行对比。结果表明:该矿集区内中生代成矿花岗岩的成岩年龄集中在150~165Ma。根据地球化学组成可将该矿集区内的成矿花岗岩分为2类:一类以骑田岭为代表,岩性以黑云母二长花岗岩为主,属于A型花岗岩,其分异程度较高,高w(Rb)/w(Sr)值,低w(K)/w(Rb)值,成矿元素以高温的W、Sn为主,具有富硅,富碱,贫P、Ti、Mg的特点,Ba、Sr、P、Eu、Ti负异常明显;另一类以宝山岩体为代表,其岩体产状为小岩株,岩性以花岗闪长岩为主,属于I型花岗岩,分异程度较低,低w(Rb)/w(Sr)值,高w(K)/w(Rb)值,Ba、Sr、P、Eu、Ti负异常不明显,其地球化学性质与岛弧岩浆类似,成矿元素以中低温的Cu、Pb、Zn等为主。黄沙坪花岗岩的成矿特征处于第一类与第二类岩体之间,属于过渡类型。结合矿集区所在的大地构造位置及其构造演化史,认为湘东南矿集区的形成与壳-幔相互作用密切相关,是后造山作用与大洋板块俯冲共同作用的结果。     

定向点提取算法的相对定向适应性

为了提高数字影像的相对定向精度,本文研究了几种定向点提取算法的相对定向适应性,并从计算速度、定向点有效性和相对定向精度方面综合评价各提取算法的性能。试验表明：Forstner 算子的计算速度最快, Harris算子的相对定向精度最差;SIFT算子的定向点有效性最高且相对定向精度最好,但是其计算速度最慢;SURF算子的定向点有效性和相对定向精度都稍逊于SIFT算子,但是其计算速度约为SIFT算子的2倍。     

黑河流域中游无人机遥感影像数据处理

无人机低空遥感技术是航空遥感领域一个新的发展方向,具有低成本、快捷、灵活机动,以及数据高时效、高分辨率等特点。本文以无人机低空遥感在黑河流域中游张掖的应用为例,介绍了无人机低空遥感系统的基本构成,论述了影像数据的获取、影像的匀色、特征点的提取与匹配、几何纠正与镶嵌、DTM和DOM的生成等处理流程与分析方法。实验结果表明,无人机低空遥感系统能够满足局部区域内的高分辨率、大比例尺基础数据采集的实际需求,在三维重建、土地调查、环境监测等领域具有良好的应用前景。     

平面六边形格网上格点多边形的面积计算方法

全球离散格网系统是一种新型的全球多尺度空间数据模型,相关问题的研究已引起学术界的广泛关注并已取得可喜进展。其中,格网量测体系的建立是当前学术界的研究难点,同时也是格网实用化必须解决的核心问题。文中将平面六边形格网上任意覆盖区域抽象为"格点多边形",推导并证明了其面积计算公式,通过对比算例验证了结论的正确性和优越性。     

基于声暴露级向量的海洋工程噪声信号自动提取方法

为从海量的海洋原始噪声数据中快速和准确地提取海洋工程噪声信号,完善大型海洋工程的海洋噪声评估方法,文章提出基于声暴露级向量的海洋工程噪声信号自动提取方法,并进行实验验证。研究结果表明:基于声暴露级向量的信号自动提取方法实现的核心是计算疑似信号与样本信号声暴露级向量(包括声暴露级和有效时间长度)的标准化欧氏距离,结合变步长截取分析、半波包络双阈值触发和中心位置触发等方法,提高信号提取的效率和准确率;与传统的人工提取方法相比,该自动提取方法具有稳健、准确和高效的性能,可替代人工提取方法并广泛应用。     

精密三角高程测量技术在高海拔山区的应用

介绍了精密三角高程测量技术的原理和方法,分析了高海拔山区大气折光对三角高程测量的影响,并结合高海拔山区实际情况提出了相应的解决方案。根据在高海拔山区的作业经验制定了最佳作业时段,结合测量仪器参数和相关数学模型,从定量角度分析和阐述了温度气压对精密三角高程测量的影响,并提出了具体的解决方法,通过实践工程数据分析,验证了精密三角高程测量代替二等水准测量在高海拔山区应用的可行性。     

Holocene vegetational and climatic variation in westerly-dominated areas of Central Asia inferred from the Sayram Lake in northern Xinjiang,China

Changes in the vegetation and climate of the westerly-dominated areas in Central Asia during the Holocene were interpreted using pollen-assemblages and charcoal data from a 300-cm-long sediment core of the Sayram Lake,northern Xinjiang.Accele-rator Mass Spectrometry(AMS) radiocarbon dating methods were applied to bulk organic matter of the samples.Artemisia spp./Chenopodiaceae ratios and results from principal component analysis were used to infer that the lake basin was dominated by desert vegetation before ca.9.6 cal.ka BP,which suggests a warm and dry climate in the early Holocene.Desert steppe/steppe expanded during 9.6-5.5 cal.ka BP,indicating a remarkable increase both in the precipitation and temperature during the mid-Holocene.Desert vegetation dominated between 6.5 and 5.5 cal.ka BP,marking an extreme warmer and drier interval.The steppe/meadow steppe recovered,and temperatures decreased from 5.5 cal.ka BP in the late Holocene,as indicated by the increased abundance of Artemisia and the development of meadows.Holocene temperatures and moisture variations in the Sayram Lake areas were similar to those of adjacent areas.This consistency implies that solar radiation was the main driving factor for regional temperature changes,and that the effect of temperature variations was significant on regional changes in humidity.The evolution of climate and environment in the Sayram Lake areas,which were characterized as dry in the early Holocene and relatively humid in the middle-late Holocene,are clearly different from those in monsoonal areas.Dry conditions in the early Holocene in the Sayram Lake areas were closely related to decreased water vapor advection.These conditions were a result of reduced westerly wind speeds and less evaporation upstream,which in turn were caused by seasonal changes in solar radiation superimposed by strong evaporation following warming and drying local climate.     

Neoproterozoic sedimentary facies and glacial periods in the southwest of Tarim Block

Based on the analysis of sedimentary facies and chemical index of alteration(CIA) in Nanhua and Ediacaran Systems in the southwest of Tarim Block,some features of glacial records in Neoproterozoic become more clear.Six sedimentary facies have been divided in the study area,including alluvial fan facies,lacustrine facies,glacial facies,littoral facies,neritic facies,and lagoonal facies,showing that this area underwent a process from continent to marine,with mainly littoral and neritic sedimentation.Two cold events have been recognized by analysis of CIA values in the study area,called Bolong and Yutang glaciation,respectively.They present as thick-layer tillite deposition in the Bolong Formation and thin-layer tillite deposition in the Yutang Formation,respectively.The Bolong glacial period in the study area can be correlated to the Yulmeinak glacial period in Aksu area,Tereeken glacial period in Qurugtagh area,and the Nantuo glacial period in South China,which is equivalent to the universally acknowledged Marinoan glacial period.The Yutang glacial period can be correlated to the Hankalchough glacial period in Qurugtagh,which is equivalent to Gaskers glaciation in Newfoundland.