西北太平洋温盐多模式集合预报

借鉴大气集合预报中的多模式集合预报思想,开展了海洋数值模式的集合预报方法研究,将数据分频集合技术方法应用于6个海洋模式的海洋环境预报中,并以Argo实测资料对集合预报效果进行了验证。比对分析结果表明,多模式集合预报的温盐精度明显提高,预报效果明显优于单一模式。     

Otolith development in larval and juvenile Schizothorax davidi: ontogeny and growth increment characteristics

Laboratory-reared Schizothorax davidi larvae and juveniles were examined to assess the formation and characteristics of David’s schizothoracin otoliths.Otolith development was observed and their formation period was verifi ed by monitoring larvae and juveniles of knownage.The results revealed that lapilli and sagittae developed before hatching,and the first otolith increment was identified at 2 days post hatching in both.The shape of lapilli was relatively stable during development compared with that of sagittae;however,growth of four sagittae and lapilli areas was consistent,but the posterior area grew faster than the anterior area and the ventral surface grew faster than the dorsal surface.Similarly,the sum length of the radius of the anterior and posterior areas on sagittae and lapilli were linearly and binomially related to total fish length,respectively.Moreover,daily deposition rates were validated by monitoring knownage larvae and juveniles.The increase in lapilli width was 1.88±0.080 0μm at the ninth increment,which reached a maximum and the decreased gradually toward the otolith edge,whereas that of sagittae increased more slowly.These results illustrate the developmental biology of S.davidi,which will aid in population conservation and fish stock management.     

Mapping soil organic carbon stocks of northeastern China using expert knowledge and GIS-based methods

The main aim of this paper was to calculate soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) with consideration of the pedogenetic horizons using expert knowledge and GIS-based methods in northeastern China. A novel prediction process was presented and was referred to as model-then-calculate with respect to the variable thicknesses of soil horizons (MCV). The model-then-calculate with fixed-thickness (MCF), soil profile statistics (SPS), pedological professional knowledge-based (PKB) and vegetation type-based (Veg) methods were carried out for comparison. With respect to the similar pedological information, nine common layers from topsoil to bedrock were grouped in the MCV. Validation results suggested that the MCV method generated better performance than the other methods considered. For the comparison of polygon based approaches, the Veg method generated better accuracy than both SPS and PKB, as limited soil data were incorporated. Additional prediction of the pedogenetic horizons within MCV benefitted the regional SOCS estimation and provided information for future soil classification and understanding of soil functions. The intermediate product, that is, horizon thickness maps were fluctuant enough and reflected many details in space. The linear mixed model indicated that mean annual air temperature (MAAT) was the most important predictor for the SOCS simulation. The minimal residual of the linear mixed models was achieved in the vegetation type-based model, whereas the maximal residual was fitted in the soil type-based model. About 95% of SOCS could be found in Argosols, Cambosols and Isohumosols. The largest SOCS was found in the croplands with vegetation of Triticum aestivum L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Glycine max (L.) Merr., Zea mays L. and Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.     

毛乌素沙地砒砂岩与沙复配农田的固沙效应及其微观机理

砒砂岩与沙复配成土及其工程化核心技术的提出与应用,为毛乌素沙地合理利用土地资源、科学推进生态建设提供了新的思路与技术支撑。前期研究对利用层面的技术问题给予了较多关注并取得显著进展,而在潜在风险层面特别是关于复配土壤的固沙效应及其微观机理的探索则相对薄弱。基于集沙仪、扫描电镜及激光粒度仪,结合野外定位试验和室内仪器观测,对毛乌素典型原状沙地及复配农田的输沙特征差异及其固沙微观机理进行探索。结果表明：（1）观测周期内,原状沙地输沙总量为4 951 g,远高于复配农田2 436 g的输沙总量,原状沙地更易受风蚀,而复配农田土壤起沙风速大、输沙量较小,具有明显的固沙效应;（2）扫描电镜图像显示,原状沙地土粒（沙粒）粗骨化、无粘结,而耕种两年的复配农田土壤中已出现团聚体;（3）激光粒度仪分析显示,原状沙地的粉、黏粒含量仅为2.74%,而复配农田这一比例增至15.12%;（4）复配土防风固沙效应的形成与粉粒和黏粒含量及土壤结构等紧密相关。鉴于复配农田输沙固沙能力的动态差异性和风力敏感性,进一步实施复配成土造田工程时,宜在复配农田主导风向的上风向区域及成片农田内适当布设具有防风功能的适生草类或灌木条带。     

Geochemistry,Zircon U–Pb Analysis,and Biotite 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of the Maoling Gold Deposit,Liaodong Rift,NE China

The Maoling gold deposit is located in the southwestern part of the Liaodong rift, NE China, and has estimated reserves of 25 t. In this paper we present the results of an investigation into the geochronology and geodynamic mechanisms of igneous activity and metallogenesis within the Maoling gold deposit. New zircon U–Pb age data, biotite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age data, whole‐rock geochemistry, and Hf isotopic analyses are presented in order to constrain the petrogenesis and mineralization of the deposit. Zircon U–Pb dating of the Wolongquan biotite monzogranite and Maoling biotite granite yielded mean ages of 194.0 ± 1.1 Ma and 196.1 ± 1.1 Ma, respectively. All the granites are characteristically high‐K calc‐alkaline, enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, and depleted in high field strength elements, which is consistent with the geochemical characteristics of arc‐type magmas. The Hf isotope characteristics indicate that the granites formed by partial melting of early Paleoproterozoic crustal material. In addition, biotite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating indicates that the Maoling gold deposit formed at 188.9 ± 1.2 Ma, implying that the mineralization was related to both the granite intrusions. Taking into account previous data on S–Pb–O–H isotopes and our new age data, the Maoling deposit can be classified as an intrusion‐related gold deposit. Taking into account the geology of the study area and adjacent regions, we propose that the Maoling gold deposit and its associated granitic intrusions formed in a geodynamic setting that was dominated by subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent.     

东昆仑东段杨树沟金矿地质特征及找矿方向

杨树沟金矿位于东昆仑成矿省伯喀里克-香日德印支期金、铅、锌、铁、石墨（铜、稀有、稀土）成矿带的东段.矿体严格受近东西向、北东向断裂构造控制.成矿类型为构造蚀变岩型金矿床,成矿时代为印支早期.矿区中已发现的金矿带深部及矿区东南部断裂发育地区具有较好的找矿空间,下一步工作应针对含矿构造破碎带,采用探矿工程与化探工作相结合等手段开展矿区东南部及深部找矿工作,寻找金矿体,争取该矿区找矿的更大突破.     

构造变形在变质岩专题填图中的作用及其意义——以辽南辽河群试点填图区为例

论述了构造解析在变质岩专题填图过程中的作用及其意义。主要围绕以下5个方面:(1)构造解析在高级变质岩区地质调查中对重大地质边界的识别作用;(2)通过构造解析区别变质岩区不同岩石和/或构造单元因构造发生的堆叠作用;(3)通过构造解析识别并区分不同岩石单元的构造类型、期次和组合样式;(4)变质岩填图区剖面测制及地层原始厚度恢复需要在构造解析工作基础上进行;(5)变质岩区地质填图工作实际上是构造解析和变质岩石学的有机结合过程。总之,构造解析对变质岩填图区内地质情况的客观表述具有重要的意义。     

侧扫声呐声波掠射角对海底管道检测的影响

在侧扫声呐系统检测海底管道的过程中,声波掠射角是影响检测效果的重要因素。本文针对影响侧扫声呐声波掠射角的主要因素进行了系统研究,推导出声波掠射角与其影响因素的关系表达式,并给出了考虑管径条件下海底管道悬空高度的计算式;进行了不同声波掠射角下侧扫声呐系统检测海底管道的试验,试验结果表明,当侧扫声呐声波掠射角介于14°~20°时,检测效果最好,声波掠射角过小或过大,均会使检测结果出现较大误差。     

无人机非量测相机检校方法研究

无人机搭载的非量测相机光学系统不稳定、畸变差大、内方位元素未知,难以满足大比例尺测图精度要求。本文通过建立高精度室内相机检校场,基于直接线性变换公式编写了非量测相机检校程序,根据解算得到的畸变参数对相机进行了改正,使之适用于大比例尺航空摄影测量成图,并通过实际项目验证了该方法的有效性。     

矿区多角度无人机遥感三维影像图制作

利用无人机遥感系统对矿区进行了竖直摄影和倾斜摄影,采用SIFT特征与最小二乘的影像自动匹配方法对影像进行处理,并在此基础上制作完成了测区的正射影像图和三维全景影像图,精度达到了用户要求,从而验证了无人机作为准实时获取矿区空间信息平台的可行性和实用性,为无人机遥感系统在相关领域的应用提供了经验和借鉴。