石生藻类,地衣,苔藓与碳酸盐岩持水性及生态意义

对藻类,地衣,芭藓生物财溶校样品及相应岩石样品进行了室内蒸发失水,主动吸水试验,结果表明：与无生物覆盖的岩石相比,有藻类生物覆盖的岩石表面失水量,吸水量分别提高１８．８,１．６倍,蒸发失水,主动吸水的时间分别延长４８％,５７％,持水量提高１６．６倍,有地衣生物覆盖的岩石表面失水量,吸水量分别提高２．９,１９．１倍,蒸发失水,主动吸水的时间分别延长３１％,１１９％,持水量提高２．９倍;有苔藓生物覆盖     

Improved Priority‐Flood method for depression filling by redundant calculation optimization in local micro‐relief areas

Depression filling is a critical step in distributed hydrological modeling using digital elevation models (DEMs). The traditional Priority‐Flood (PF) approach is widely used due to its relatively high efficiency when dealing with a small‐sized DEM. However, it seems inadequate and inefficient when dealing with large high‐resolution DEMs. In this work, we examined the relationship between the PF algorithm calculation process and the topographical characteristics of depressions, and found significant redundant calculations in the local micro‐relief areas in the conventional PF algorithm. As such calculations require more time when dealing with large DEMs, we thus propose a new variant of the PF algorithm, wherein redundant points and calculations are recognized and eliminated based on the local micro‐relief water‐flow characteristics of the depression‐filling process. In addition, depressions and flatlands were optimally processed by a quick queue to improve the efficiency of the process. The proposed method was applied and validated in eight case areas using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model (SRTM‐DEM) with 1 arc‐second resolution. These selected areas have different data sizes. A comparative analysis among the proposed method, the Wang and Liu‐based PF, the improved Barnes‐based PF, the improved Zhou‐based PF, and the Planchon and Darboux (P&D) algorithms was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The results showed that the proposed algorithm is 43.2% (maximum) faster than Wang and Liu's variant of the PF method, with an average of 31.8%. In addition, the proposed algorithm achieved similar performance to the improved Zhou‐based PF algorithm, though our algorithm has the advantage of being simpler. The optimal strategies using the proposed algorithm can be employed in various landforms with high efficiency. The proposed method can also achieve good depression filling, even with large amounts of DEM data.     

鄱阳湖组(第四系)的修订及特征

根据对鄱阳湖地区 Zk0 1钻孔柱状剖面的研究 ,对鄱阳湖组的定义进行修订、补充 ,认为鄱阳湖组为一套以青灰色淤泥质粘土、黄褐色粘土、粉质粉土为主夹少量粉砂或细砂的湖泊—河口三角洲相沉积。年代地层为第四系全新统 ,底界年龄约 6 2 10± 12 5 a B.P.,开阔湖泊沉积始于 32 4 0± 180 a B.P.,且由北向南时代渐新 ,具有明显的穿时性     

地学博物馆展陈设计研究——以中国地质博物馆为例

随着地学博物馆数量逐年大幅增加,除自身的基本陈列外,专题展览活动也随之加重,具有专业性、科学性、趣味性、及时性和延续性等多种特点.在国家文化繁荣发展的时代背景下,大部分地学博物馆陈列展示使用的展览内容框架雷同、千篇一律,难以激发观众参观热情.中国地质博物馆作为地学博物馆的“领头羊”对博物馆展览陈列设计特点进行了一系列的研究.本文以该馆为例,总结了地学博物馆展览陈列的设计原则、流程和要素.在原则方面,设计师在进行艺术设计同时需掌握地学知识;在流程方面,先策划,确定展品数量梳理展览大纲,再进行总体规划和展览艺术形式设计,最后实现协作与优化.在要素方面,展览陈列设计需要特别注意空间布局、展品选择、艺术表现形式、光环境设计、色彩设计等七个方面的应用.展览陈列设计师要努力挖掘和彰显地学专业的特性,不断创造新的表现形式,从而促进我国地学博物馆的蓬勃发展,更好地为公共事业做贡献.     

次生稠油油藏成藏模式研究—以鲁克沁构造带为例

鲁克沁构造带稠油油藏主要为次生油气藏,原油本身低熟,加之成藏过程中多种原因造成轻质组分逸散,进一步稠化而成。该构造带位于库木凸起前缘,长期处于有利的油气指向部位。台北凹陷二叠系桃东沟群湖相泥岩为长期稳定的油气来源。同时,该构造带断层和不整合面非常发育,为油气运移聚集提供了良好通道。通过对该构造带油气运聚规律的认真研究和总结,概括出次生稠油油藏的成藏模式,对吐哈油田下一步对浅层稀油、浅层气、深部气及深部凝析油的勘探具有重要意义。     

关于倾斜脉的重力异常公式及理论曲线正误的商榷

本文着重讨论了重力勘探教材中关于倾斜脉的△g、V_(xz)、V_(zz)理论公式及二次微商理论曲线的正误问题。文中给出了无限延深倾斜脉的准确的 V_(xz)及 V_(zz)理论曲线,并且指出应该充分地利用 V_(xz)V_(zz)异常特征解释推断脉的倾向.     

土壤中总有机碳环境标准样品研制

土壤环境标准样品是土壤生态环境监测质量控制的重要技术工具.目前,土壤中总有机碳环境标准样品仍为中国环境标准样品体系的空缺,特别是配套燃烧氧化-非分散红外法的土壤标准样品一直未曾问世.本文以有机碳含量较高的农用地土壤为原材料,经干燥、研磨、混匀、装瓶、灭菌等加工步骤,制备获得土壤中总有机碳环境标准样品.分层随机抽取10瓶...     

大巴山晚中生代陆内造山构造应力场

位于中上扬子板块北缘的大巴山造山带, 平面上表现为大尺度向南西显著突出的弧形带, 无论在变形样式和形成时间上都明显与秦岭造山带不同。在大巴山构造格架划分和野外构造变形观测基础上, 通过构造解析, 结合年代学研究成果, 重建了大巴山晚中生代独特的构造应力场, 指出大巴山属陆内造山, 形成于J2末, 并持续到K2初期。其构造应力场特征, 以城口－房县断裂为界, 大巴山逆冲推覆带与其前陆冲断褶皱带的特征显著不同。大巴山逆冲推覆带主要表现为NE-SW向构造挤压, 而在大巴山弧形前陆带从西向东, 由近E-W向挤压, 转变为NE-SW向挤压, 最后转变为近S-N向挤压, 构成一向其外缘扩散的放射状构造应力场。总之, 大巴山造山带由推覆体向前陆, 构造挤压作用由北东向南西方向扩散。这期构造挤压作用控制了大巴山造山带陆内变形活动, 导致大巴山由北东向南西的显著缩短, 同时受到其东西两侧基底隆起——神农架－黄陵地块与汉南地块的强烈阻挡, 造就了现今的大巴山前陆弧型构造。其动力学背景可归因于晚中生代东亚板块多向汇聚。大巴山晚中生代陆内造山构造应力场的研究, 对探讨秦岭造山带动力学特征具有科学意义, 为研究川东北油气运聚规律提供了构造地质学依据。     

黑龙江乌拉嘎金矿成矿热力学参数研究

本文通过对前人工作的总结,在研究矿物共生关系的基础上将乌拉嘎金矿床的成矿作用过程划分为3个成矿阶段,然后利用热力学数据计算出了各个阶段的成矿热力学参数。第1阶段:黄铁矿-早期白色玉髓状石英阶段,Eh范围在-0.5~+0.3 V之间,处于弱还原环境,硫逸度应大于10~(-23);第2阶段:烟灰色玉髓状石英-多金属硫化物阶段,在低温时成矿环境为中酸性(pH=4),弱还原环境(Eh值为-1.0~-0.3 V),硫逸度范围应大于10~(-40),但不会超过10~0。同前一阶段相比,硫逸度下限降低;第3阶段:碳酸盐-石英阶段,碳酸盐矿物的出现预示着成矿已接近尾声,成矿介质的pH值逐步从酸性(pH=3)向中酸性(pH=5)转变,成矿Eh值也从弱还原(-0.5 V)向弱氧化(+0.3 V)过渡,硫逸度下限范围大约在10~(-23)左右,不超过10~0,而氧逸度范围在10~(-20)加左右。这对于深入探讨热液成矿作用过程具有重要参考价值。     

Formation of the Dongmozhazhua Pb–Zn Deposit in the Thrust‐Fold Setting of the Tibetan Plateau,China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Data

The Dongmozhazhua deposit, the largest Pb–Zn deposit in south Qinghai, China, is stratabound, carbonate‐hosted and associated with epigenetic dolomitization and silicification of Lower–Middle Permian—Upper Triassic limestones in the hanging walls of a Cenozoic thrust fault system. The mineralization is localized in a Cenozoic thrust‐folded belt along the northeastern edge of the Tibetan plateau, which was formed due to the India–Asia plate collision during the early Tertiary. The deposit comprises 16 orebodies with variable thicknesses (1.5–26.3 m) and lengths (160–1820 m). The ores occur as dissemination, vein, and breccia cement. The main sulfide assemblage is sphalerite + galena + pyrite + marcasite ± chalcopyrite ± tetrahedrite, and gangue minerals consist mainly of calcite, dolomite, barite, and quartz. Samples of pre‐ to post‐ore stages calcite yielded δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values that are, respectively, similar to and lower than those yielded by the host limestones, suggesting that the calcite formed from fluids derived from carbonate dissolution. Fluid inclusions in calcite and sphalerite in the polymetallic sulfidization stage mostly comprise liquid and gas phases at room temperature, with moderate homogenization temperatures (100–140°C) and high salinities (21–28 wt% NaCl eq.). Micro‐thermometric fluid inclusion data point to polysaline brines as ore‐forming fluids. The δD and δ¹⁸O values of ore fluids, cation compositions of fluid inclusions, and geological information suggest two main possible fluid sources, namely basinal brines and evaporated seawater. The fluid inclusion data and regional geology suggest that basinal brines derived from Tertiary basins located southeast of the Dongmozhazhua deposit migrated along deep detachment zones of the regional thrust system, leached substantial base metals from country rocks, and finally ascended along thrust faults at Dongmozhazhua. There, the base‐metal‐rich basinal brines mixed with bacterially‐reduced H₂S‐bearing fluids derived from evaporated seawater preserved in the Permo–Triassic carbonate strata. The mixing of the two fluids resulted in Pb–Zn mineralization. The Dongmozhazhua Pb–Zn deposit has many characteristics that are similar to MVT Pb–Zn deposits worldwide.