川西高温水热活动区深部热结构的地球物理分析

川西高温水热活动区是地热学研究的典型地区之一,该区温泉、热泉点分布广泛,这些温泉大多沿北西-南东向的金沙江断裂、德格-乡城断裂、甘孜-理塘断裂、鲜水河三条主断裂呈条带状分布.对此高温水热活动区开展地热学分析,是研究青藏高原"东构造结"深部地球动力学过程、开发利用川西高原地热资源的重要基础,具有重要的科学研究意义和实际应用价值.本文针对实测氦同位素所发现的壳幔热结构比,依据重力、航空磁法、地震资料,采用反演莫霍面、居里面深度等方法,对川西高温水热活动区的深部热结构进行了分析.同时对中高温热泉密集出露的巴塘、理塘以及康定水热活动区的典型壳幔热流构与深部背景场进行了对比研究.结果表明,地表氦同位素热流估算的深部热流结构与地球物理异常结果保持较好的对应关系.川西地区热流结构中地壳、地幔的热贡献比较接近：巴塘地区平均Q_c/Q=51.38%、理塘地区平均Q_c/Q=54.39%、康定地区平均Q_c/Q=42.42%.川西地区表现出了"温壳温幔"型的深部热结构,但温地壳背景下形成较高地表热流的原因有待进一步研究.     

基于稀疏表示的地面磁共振信号提取方法

在多孔隙含水层中地面磁共振（surface nuclear magnetic resonance,SNMR）信号呈现多弛豫衰减特性,常规盲源分离方法和单指数拟合方法引起信号严重失真和信息缺失等问题.本文提出了基于稀疏表示的随机噪声背景下多弛豫SNMR信号的提取方法.根据SNMR信号的衰减特征,设计了精确刻画SNMR信号且与随机噪声不相关的离散衰减余弦冗余字典.其次,针对多弛豫SNMR信号稀疏度未知的问题,通过设置合理的残差比阈值控制迭代次数,改进了广义正交匹配追踪（generalized orthogonal matching pursuit,gOMP）算法,使得该方法应用于SNMR信号的提取时,具有更好的自适应性和普适性.再次,鉴于SNMR测量数据为多次独立重复采集的结果,提出了基于数据流的SNMR信号提取策略,在提高算法鲁棒性的同时,保证了信号提取结果的唯一性.最后,通过仿真和实测数据证明了基于gOMP算法的稀疏表示方法可以显著地提升多弛豫SNMR信号的提取质量,降低随机噪声对含水层反演结果的影响,提高SNMR探测能力.     

RESEARCH OF SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE MENYUAN MS6.4 EARTHQUAKE ON JANUARY 21, 2016 IN LENGLONGLING AREA OF NE TIBETAN PLATEAU

On January 21 2016, an earthquake of M_S6.4 hit the Lenglongling fault zone(LLLFZ)in the NE Tibetan plateau, which has a contrary focal mechanism solution to the Ms 6.4 earthquake occurring in 1986. Fault behaviors of both earthquakes in 1986 and 2016 are also quite different from the left-lateral strike-slip pattern of the Lenglongling fault zone. In order to find out the seismogenic structure of both earthquakes and figure out relationships among the two earthquakes and the LLLFZ, InSAR co-seismic deformation map is constructed by Sentinel -1A data. Moreover, the geological map, remote sensing images, relocation of aftershocks and GPS data are also combined in the research. The InSAR results indicate that the co-seismic deformation fields are distributed on both sides of the branch fault(F₂)on the northwest of the Lenglongling main fault(F₁), where the Earth's surface uplifts like a tent during the 2016 earthquake. The 2016 and 1986 earthquakes occurred on the eastern and western bending segments of the F₂ respectively, where the two parts of the F₂ bend gradually and finally join with the F₁. The intersections between the F₁ and F₂ compose the right-order and left-order alignments in the planar geometry, which lead to the restraining bend and releasing bend because of the left-lateral strike-slip movement, respectively. Therefore, the thrust and normal faults are formed in the two bending positions. In consequence, the focal mechanism solutions of the 2016 and 1986 earthquakes mainly present the compression and tensional behaviors, respectively, both of which also behave as slight strike-slip motion. All results indicate that seismic activity and tectonic deformation of the LLLFZ play important parts in the Qilian-Haiyuan tectonic zone, as well as in the NE Tibetan plateau. The complicated tectonic deformation of NE Tibetan plateau results from the collisions from three different directions between the north Eurasian plate, the east Pacific plate and the southwest Indian plate. The intensive tectonic movement leads to a series of left-lateral strike-slip faults in this region and the tectonic deformation direction rotates clockwise gradually to the east along the Qilian-Haiyuan tectonic zone. The Menyuan earthquake makes it very important to reevaluate the earthquake risk of this region.     

中国东北地区高分辨率地壳结构:远震接收函数

利用分布在东北地区的国家地震局台网、NECESSArray台网、吉林大学在长白山及其周边地区布设的26个临时台站总计259个台站接收到的16,070条高质量的P波接收函数,采用H-k和CCP(Common Conversion Point,共转换点)叠加成像方法,获得该区高分辨率的地壳结构.观测结果显示,东北地区莫霍界面深度和地表高程总体呈镜像关系;西部大兴安岭—太行山重力梯级带附近存在莫霍界面深度陡变带;中部的松辽盆地地区受晚中生代的地壳拉伸作用影响,地壳厚度较薄,北部的小兴安岭地区和南部的华北北缘造山带可能同样受拉伸运动影响,具有较小的地壳厚度;松辽盆地莫霍界面深度由西向东逐渐减小,推测这与太平洋板块俯冲作用有关;东部地区莫霍界面结构比较复杂,依兰—伊通断裂与敦化—密山断裂之间出现复杂震相,可能与该区存在地幔物质的底侵作用有关;长白山火山地区地壳厚度较大,对应较高的波速比,推测在该区地壳内存在岩浆囊.     

汶川8.0级地震环境剪应力特征研究

基于甘肃强震固定台和流动观测记录的汶川8.0级地震主震及余震加速度资料,选用三分向记录均完整的87次地震(震级范围为3.0~8.0级),根据用位错理论二维断裂模式推导的震源峰值加速度与环境剪应力关系式计算汶川地震序列的环境剪应力值,探讨其环境剪应力场特征。结果表明,环境剪应力和矩震级有较好的相关性,3~5级地震对应的应力值多在3~6 MPa,5~6级多在6~9 MPa,6~7级多在9MPa以上,且环境剪应力对震源深度也有较强的依赖性。     

软土动力特性动三轴试验研究

许多学者对软土在动力作用下的变形特性进行了大量的研究,并提出了相应的经验公式,但其经验公式参数较多且试验复杂,不易被一般工程技术人员掌握运用。本文采用天津滨海地区软土为研究对象,进行钻探取样、波速测试、室内静力学和动三轴试验,获取该地区软土的静、动力学参数,并利用相对简单的模型对残余应变和软化指数随振次的变化规律采用最小二乘法进行拟合,取得很好的效果。成果表明,利用简单的模型对软土的动力特性进行区域性研究是可行的。该成果可为今后软土动力特性和软土震陷计算方法研究提供参考和基础性资料。     

外源污染物对硬骨鱼甲状腺干扰作用机制的研究进展

甲状腺激素在鱼类生长发育、变态、生殖、渗透调节以及摄食和营养代谢中发挥着重要作用,外源化合物对硬骨鱼的甲状腺干扰作用会导致发育和孵化延迟、运动性降低。本文首先对鱼类甲状腺激素的中枢调控、合成、转运、代谢和发挥作用的相关过程进行简要介绍,随后从核受体介导途径、非受体介导途径两个方面综述了外源污染物对硬骨鱼甲状腺的干扰作用机制,最后从物种特异性、检测指标、膜受体介导途径三个方面提出了目前研究的不足之处以及解决方法,以期为今后探究外源污染物对鱼类甲状腺系统干扰作用机制的研究提供更多的参考。     

官厅水库秋季悬浮颗粒物和CDOM吸收特性

利用2012年9月5日在官厅水库采集的水体吸收系数数据,对总悬浮颗粒物、浮游植物色素颗粒物、非色素颗粒物和有色可溶性有机物的吸收特性进行研究.结果表明:秋季官厅水库的颗粒物吸收以浮游植物色素吸收为主,总颗粒物吸收光谱与浮游藻类吸收光谱相似;非色素颗粒物和有色可溶性有机物的吸收系数随波长的增大接近指数规律衰减;a_d(440)、a_d(675)与C_Chl.a呈显著相关,表明官厅水库秋季的非色素颗粒物主要来源于浮游藻类降解产物,陆源性输入较少;a ph(440)、a ph(675)与C_Chl.a存在显著线性关系,但其比吸收系数较为恒定,与C_Chl.a基本无关;不同采样点的不同组分吸收系数对总吸收系数的贡献不同,大致有4种表现类型.在富营养程度较高的妫库区,浮游植物色素是水体光谱吸收的主导因子;在富营养程度较低的中库区,颗粒物与有色可溶性有机物共同主导水体光谱吸收.     

基于100 nm砷化镓pHEMT工艺的C波段宽带低噪声放大器芯片

作为射电天文接收机系统的关键器件, 低噪声放大器的噪声和增益性能对接收机系统的灵敏度有重要影响. 采用100nm砷化镓赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor, pHEMT)\lk工艺, 研制了一款可覆盖C波段(4--8GHz)的低噪声放大器(Low Noise Amplifier, LNA). 所设计的LNA采用3级共源级联放大拓扑结构, 栅极、漏极双电源供电. 常温下测试表明, 该LNA在4--8GHz频段内平均噪声温度为\lk60K, 在5GHz处获得最低噪声温度50K, 通带内增益($31\pm1.5$)dB, 输入输出回波损耗均优于10dB, 芯片面积为$2.1\times1.1$mm², 可以应用于C波段射电天文接收机以及卫星通信系统等.     

DATABASE OF LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY 2015 GORKHA(NEPAL) MW7.8 EARTHQUAKE

In this study, a detailed database of landslides triggered by the 25 April 2015 Gorkha (Nepal)M_W7.8 earthquake is constructed based on visual interpretation of pre- and post-earthquake high-resolution satellite images and field reconnaissance. Results show the earthquake triggered at least 47 200 landslides, which have a NWW direction spatial distribution, similar with the location and strike of the seismogenic fault. The landslides are of a total area about 110km² and an oval distribution area about 35 700km². On the basis of a scale relationship between landslide area (A)and volume (V), V=1.314 7×A^{1.208 5}, the total volume of the coseismic landslides is estimated to be about 9.64×10⁸m³. In the oval landslide distribution area, the landslide number density, area density, and volume density were calculated and the results are 1.32km^-2, 0.31%, and 0.027m, respectively. This study provides a detailed and objective inventory of landslides triggered by the Gorkha earthquake, which provides very important and essential basic data for study of mechanics of coseismic landslides, spatial pattern, distribution law, and hazard assessment. In addition, the landslide database related to an individual earthquake also provides an important earthquake case in a subduction zone for studying landslides related to multiple earthquakes from a global perspective.