砂砾岩液态CO2破裂机制试验研究

砂砾岩储层一般较为致密,且非均匀性强,常规压裂方法压裂效果不理想。液态CO2（L-CO2）压裂是近年来提出的一种压裂增产手段,压裂效果上具有明显的优势。采用井底岩芯开展不同围压下清水和L-CO2压裂试验,并结合?CT扫描和核磁共振试验,比较两种压裂方式在破裂压力、破裂特征和裂缝分布的差异,深入分析砂砾岩L-CO2压裂的破裂机制。发现相同围压下L-CO2可大幅度降低破裂压力,且增大围压,L-CO2和清水压裂的破裂压力相差越大;?CT扫描显示,L-CO2压裂形成的是不规则的多分支裂缝,与主裂缝共同构成复杂裂缝网络,L-CO2压裂的裂缝体积是远大于清水压裂。核磁共振（NMR）结果发现,L-CO2压裂中破裂以贯通砾石颗粒界面微裂纹的方式为主,剪切激活机制占主导作用,而清水压裂以形成张拉的单一裂缝方式为主。L-CO2压裂获得更好的裂缝网络主要与砂砾岩中砾石颗粒造成的非均匀性有关,并影响着裂缝网络的复杂性。相关的研究成果可为砂砾岩储层改造和增产增效工艺优化提供指导。     

Research and Application of In‐seam Seismic Survey Technology for Disaster‐causing Potential Geology Anomalous Body in Coal Seam

In order to effectively detect potential geology anomalous bodies in coal bearing formation, such as coal seam thickness variation, small faults, goafs and collapse columns, and provide scientific guidance for safe and efficient mining, the SUMMIT-II EX explosion-proof seismic slot wave instrument, produced by German DMT Company, was used to detect the underground channel wave with the help of transmission method, reflection method and transflective method. Region area detection experiment in mining face had been carried out thanks to the advantage of channel wave, such as its great dispersion, abundant geology information, strong anti-interference ability and long-distance detecting. The experimental results showed that: (1) Coal seam thickness variation in extremely unstable coal seam has been quantitatively interpreted with an accuracy of more than 80% generally; (2) The faults, goafs and collapse columns could be detected and predicted accurately; (3) Experimental detection of gas enrichment areas, stress concentration regions and water inrush risk zone has been collated; (4) A research system of disaster-causing geology anomalous body detection by in-seam seismic survey has been built, valuable and innovative achievements have been got. Series of innovation obtained for the first time in this study indicated that it was more effective to detect disaster-causing potential geology anomalies by in-seam seismic survey than by ground seismic survey. It had significant scientific value and application prospect under complex coal seam conditions.     

The reffection of regular and irregular waves by a partially perforated caisson breakwater on a step bed

This study examines the reffection of regular and irregular waves from a partially perforated caisson breakwater located on a step bed. The step bed is treated as an idealized rubble mound foundation. Based on the linear potential theory, an analytical solution is developed to calculate the reffection coefficient of the structure subjected to regular waves. The matched eigenfunction expansion method is used for the solution. The regular wave method is also extended to irregular waves using a linear transfer...     

Energy budget of surface waves in the global ocean

Mechanical energy input from atmosphere and losses from wave-breaking dissipation of sea surface waves are estimated by a direct scheme. This scheme is based on the integration in the wavenumber space of the wind input and breaking dissipation source functions of the MASNUM wave model. The global amount of wind energy input, averaged in 2005, is about 57 TW, and the wave-breaking dissipation summed in deep-water is about 33 TW, over a half of the wind energy input. The residual may be dissipated by beach processes. Global distributions of the energy input and breaking dissipation concentrate in the westerlies of the Southern Hemisphere.     

Parameterization of ocean wave-induced mixing processes for finite water depth

Three dimensional wave-induced mixing plays an important role in shallow water area. A quite direct approach through the Reynolds average upon characteristic length scale is proposed to parameterize the horizontal and vertical shallow water mixing. Comparison of finite depth case with infinite depth results indicates that the difference of the wave-induced mixing strength is evident. In the shallow water condition, the infinite water depth approximation overestimates the mixing strength in the lower layers. The nonzero horizontal wave-induced mixing presents anisotropic property near the shore. The Prandtl’s mixing length theory underestimated the wave-induced mixing in the previous studies.     

基于贝叶斯网的象山港网箱养殖水环境指标建模

贝叶斯网络具有强大的推理能力,能与先验知识和数据结合,进行定性和定量分析,提供了1条有效的处理预测问题的途径,本文首先介绍了贝叶斯网络基本理论及其特点,并讨论如何学习贝叶斯网络结构,然后由专家知识和给定数据,采用基于依赖分析的贝叶斯网络学习算法构造了海底网箱养殖水环境指标间的贝叶斯网结构模型.该模型能有效的表达网箱养殖环境各个指标之间的因果关系和影响程度,实验结果表明,试验数据显示准确性是92.3%,kappa指数是0.882.以上证明该方法是有效可行的,表明贝叶斯网络是一种很有前途的预测评价方法.     

NOAA/AVHRR卫星海表温度在西北太平洋的印证及分析

本文详细分析了TeraScan系统反演NOAA/AVHRR卫星海表温度的过程,解决了反演过程中的海陆匹配问题和云检测过程中的误检、漏检问题,处理得到2002年(5°～45°N)、(105°～150°E)区域内的卫星海表温度数据.利用东北亚地区海洋观测系统NEAR-GOOS提供的现场海表温度数据做比较,印证NOAA/AVHRR海表温度在西北太平洋海域的精度,并分析其误差产生的来源.     

三根附属控制杆对海洋立管涡激振动抑制作用实验研究

海洋立管的涡激振动会严重影响立管结构的使用寿命.通过室内水槽实验研究在立管模型周围等分布置三根附属控制杆来减小立管涡激振动响应的新型抑制措施.实验中观测了0.24 m/s、0.31 m/s、0.37 m/s以及0.44 m/s四种均匀流和两个极限来流方向下的涡激振动抑制效果.实验结果表明:三根附属控制杆抑制措施可明显降低立管模型的横向振动幅值,但对主管的振动频率改变不大;同时,这一抑制措施对来流方向有较强的适应性,避免了以往单根控制杆在流向发生改变时可能加剧立管涡激振动的弊端.     

小波函数对侧扫声纳图像滤波效果的影响分析

侧扫声纳技术应用日益广泛,已成为海洋测量的重要工具,而去除噪声处理是对侧扫声纳图像进行正确判读的前提。利用小波函数滤波处理的方法,分别采用Haar、Daubechies、Coiflets、Symlets、Discrete Meyer、Biorthogonal、Reverse Biorthogonal等小波函数与中值滤波函数对侧扫声纳图像进行处理,并以平滑指数和边缘保持指数为评价指标,对滤波效果进行定量比较。试验表明,小波函数可以有效地平滑声纳图像,并能保持其较好的边缘效果。     

基于AJAX和J2EE的WebGIS分布式系统设计与实现

由于传统WebGIS设计方法的局限性,网络应用的交互性能一直难以有所提升,同时各流行WebGIS平台价格也比较昂贵。利用最新流行的面向异步消息通讯机制的网络应用客户端AJAX技术结合J2EE设计和实现了一套四层体系结构的分布式WebGIS系统。并就该系统,分别探讨了与其相关的客户端技术、服务器端技术、系统构架、设计目标、所使用的关键技术等问题。目前该系统能够发布多种图形格式和自定义格式的图形,实现了WebGIS通用功能,能够应用于电子地图发布等相关领域。