Makran ophiolitic basalts (SE Iran) record Late Cretaceous Neotethys plume-ridge interaction

ABSTRACT

The Makran complex in southeast Iran provides a spectacular subduction-related accretionary complex to understand the mechanism of oceanic accretion and the evolution of subduction zones. In this paper, we present new major and trace element data as well as isotopic compositions of mafic volcanic blocks from the Makran ophiolitic mélange complex (OMC). Our aim is to assess the genesis of these rocks and discuss their implications on the evolution of Neotethys Ocean. These volcanic blocks are composed mainly of basalts with minor trachytes. The Makran lavas are occasionally interlayered with tuff layers. Zircons from these tuffs give U-Pb ages of 95 Ma, which is well in accordance with the reposted microfossil data for the interlayered pelagic limestones with pillow lavas. Makran basalts can be geochemically subdivided into four groups; normal to transitional MORB, enriched-MORB, Plume-type MORB and alkaline (-OIB-like) basalts. The OIB-like pillow lavas are represented by high values of Th/Tb (6.3–7.4) which are higher than other basalts (group 1 = 0.3–0.8; groups 2 = 0.7–1.6; group 3 = 1.58–1.36).¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(t) ratios for basalts ranges from 0.51247 to 0.51292, whereas ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(t) isotopic composition of the OMC lavas varies from 0.704433 to 0.709466. The Pb isotopic composition of the lavas are quite high, ranging from 15.49–15.66 for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_(t), 18.09–19.12 for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_(t) and 37.80–39.23 for ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_(t). The chemistry of these rocks suggests that they were formed most likely in an oceanic setting with clear plume-ridge interaction. These rocks can form from partial melting of a highly heterogeneous mantle source, which is extensively metasomatized with deep mantle OIB-type components. We suggest these rocks have been generated in an oceanic ridge with plume-ridge interaction, similar to the Iceland-Reykjanes Ridge, before being fragmented and accreted into the Makran accretionary complex.     

地球流体力学的研究与进展

简要介绍中国科学院大气物理研究所七十多年来在理论与计算地球流体力学方面的若干研究及其新的进展.在理论地球流体力学方面,介绍了长波动力学及线性稳定性问题、弱非线性理论及行星波动力学以及用Arnold方法(能量-Casimir方法)研究大气和海洋中各种流体运动的非线性稳定性问题的成果.此外,对扰动演变、扰动和基流相互作用及热带大气动力学中的第二类不稳定条件(CISK)也作了简要的介绍.在计算地球流体力学方面,主要内容包括:用物理观点和数学分析相结合的方法阐述了造成计算紊乱和计算不稳定的机理,论证计算稳定性、算     

滇西马厂箐铜钼多金属矿床成矿流体来源及演化过程——来自石榴子石原位微量元素及H- O同位素组成的限定

滇西马厂箐铜钼多金属矿床位于三江特提斯成矿域,是一个与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩侵入有关的多金属矿床。前人研究表明,马厂箐铜钼多金属矿床形成于斑岩-矽卡岩成矿系统,但由于缺乏系统矿物学研究,目前对矽卡岩矿化过程和成矿效应仍不清楚,限制了对该矿床成矿过程的全面认识。因此,本文以马厂箐矿床矽卡岩型矿化中的石榴子石为研究对象,利用H-O同位素、电子探针(EPMA)以及LA-ICP-MS原位微区技术开展了同位素及成分分析,限定成矿流体来源以及反演成矿流体演化过程。石榴子石可分为早期自形石榴子石(Grt I)和晚期他形石榴子石(Grt II)。Grt I与辉石共生,并伴有黄铁矿、黄铜矿等金属矿物组合,属于钙铝-钙铁榴石固溶体(And_{49.37～99.58}Gro_0～49.79);Grt II更富Fe,属钙铁榴石系列(And_{67.50～99.85}Gro_0～31.84)。两期石榴子石均富含Th、U、Nd,亏损Ba、Sr、Hf、Nb,富轻稀土。基于石榴子石矿物化学特征认为,Grt I可能是在弱酸性、氧化、低水岩比(W/R)条...     

箱法在草地温室气体通量野外实验观测中的应用研究

利用静态箱法采样,配以气相色谱仪法分析对草地N2O、CH4和CO2温室气体通量进行了较系统的现场测量,同时对箱体内外温度进行同步观测。在对野外原位观测实验数据进行定量分析的基础上,论证了静态箱法对草原土壤-植被系统的N2O、CH4和CO2通量测量的适用性和科学性,讨论了实验结果的可靠性。     

Evolution of Electric Currents Associated with Two M-Class Flares

Using one-minute cadence vector magnetograms from Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO), we analyze the temporal behavior of derived longitudinal electric currents associated with two flares on July 26, 2002. One of the events is an M1.0 flare which occurred in active region NOAA 10044, while the other is an M8.7 flare in the adjacent region 10039. Rapid changes of magnetic fields in the form of flux emergence are found to be associated with both of these events. However, the temporal behavior of electric currents are very different. For the M1.0 flare, the longitudinal electric current density drops rapidly near the flaring neutral line; while for the M8.7 flare, the current density rapidly increases, confirming the picture of the current-carrying flux emergence. We offer a possible explanation for such a difference: magnetic reconnection at different heights for the two events, near the photosphere for the M1.0 flare, and higher up for the M8.7 flare.     

碳酸盐岩中"假纹层构造"的成因分析

常见于泥微晶碳酸盐岩中的毫米级水平纹层是低能沉积环境特有的相标志.川东北地区长兴组-飞仙关组碳酸盐岩地层无岩芯钻探的岩屑中,通过岩石薄片鉴定发现该层段岩屑样品中,大量岩屑出现纹层构造,甚至水动力条件下不可能形成水平纹层构造的颗粒碳酸盐岩、结晶碳酸盐岩中也有出现,通过对这些现象的薄片鉴定、电子探针及Kα元素面分布等分析手段证实其为非沉积成因、非构造成因的"假纹层构造",研究后将其归因为钻探工艺所使用的钻头(PDC型).为准确对岩石薄片进行鉴定并提升无岩芯钻井地质剖面的解释质量,针对沉积动力学、构造动力学和制片工艺学都无法解释的"假纹层构造"的成因分析具有十分重要的现实意义.     

胜利油田采油污水综合特征及利用评价

胜利油田作为我国石油的重要赋存区,其地热资源也相当丰富。在节能减排的背景下,采油产生的污水由于其相对较高的温度,除了用于回注开采层提高石油采收率,还能用于供暖、洗浴等。通过采集胜利油田济阳坳陷探区19个典型采油联合站分离出的采油污水,分析其水化学组分和微量元素,总结了采油污水的基本水化学特征以及腐蚀性和结垢性趋势。研究结果表明,本次采集的采油污水属于咸水-卤水,矿化度最高可达59.7gL-1,其中锂和锶的含量达到了作为矿水的要求。综合腐蚀性系数和拉申指数评价方法得出采油污水属于强腐蚀性水。结垢性评价结果表明,这些采油污水不会形成碳酸钙垢,也不具备二氧化硅的结垢条件,仅滨南和河口采油厂采油污水有硫酸钙结垢的可能性,综合利用前需要及时预防和处理。采油污水可以用于开采层回注、供暖、洗浴、温室大棚和水产养殖等,一方面可以减少环境污染,另一方面还能改善能源结构,具有良好的社会和经济效益。在综合利用采油污水时,需要考虑其腐蚀性和结垢性,选择合适的预处理方式及管道。     

未来气候变化背景下贵州省夏季旅游气候资源的变化预估

利用区域气候模式(RegCM4)1951-2005年历史模拟和2006-2099年RCP8.5(高排放)和RCP4.5(中排放)情景下的逐日平均气温、降水量、10 m风速和入射辐射通量,给出21世纪贵州省夏季与全国其他地区的旅游气候资源时空对比.结果表明:未来贵州省夏季平均气温的增幅在两种排放情景下均小于全国的增幅,且...     

Densities of Huanghe River estuary and Bohai Bay waters

The densities of 36 water samples from the Huanghe River estuary and Bohai Bay were determinedby a magnetic float densimcter under three temperatures from 15℃ to 25℃.All the measured densities ofsamples were greater than that of the values calculated from the International Equation of State of Seawater.The differences between the measured and calculated densities increased with the decrease of salinities.The dif-ferences appeared exponentially correlated with[Ca~(2+)]/s,[Mg~(2+)]/s and[SO_4~(2-)]/s,and had"s"type curverelationship with the alkalinity in all salinity range.But in the salinity ranging from 25.72 to 31.57,therelationships were all linear.The density difference can be estimated from the equation △ρ（10~3kg·m~(-3)）=（-2.79+236.5([Ca~(2+)]/s)/(-9.7464×10~（-3）+[Ca~(2+)]/s).It was the high alkalinity and[Ca~(2+)]/s that resulted in the measured densi-ties of seawaters being higher than the calculated densities in the Huanghe estuary and Bohai Bay.