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521.
522.
Jiří Žák Scott R. Paterson Vojtěch Janoušek Petr Kabele 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,158(4):447-470
The Mammoth Peak sheeted intrusive complex formed in the interior of a ~7–10 km deep magma chamber, specifically in the Half
Dome granodiorite of the Tuolumne batholith, central Sierra Nevada, CA (USA). The sheets consist of fractionated melts with
accumulated hornblende, biotite, magnetite, titanite, apatite, and zircon. The accumulation, especially of titanite, had a
profound effect on minor and trace elements (Nb, Ta, Ti, REE, U, Th, P, Zr, Hf, etc.), increasing their contents up to five
to six times. Our thermal–mechanical modeling using the finite element method shows that cooling-generated tensile stresses
resulted in the inward propagation of two perpendicular sets of dilational cracks in the host granodiorite. We interpret the
sheeted complex to have formed by a crack-seal mechanism in a high strength, crystal-rich mush, whereby outward younging pulses
of fractionated magma were injected into these syn-magmatic cracks at the margin of an active magma chamber. Thermal–mechanical
instabilities developed after the assembly of the sheeted complex, which was then overprinted by late ~NW–SE magmatic foliation.
This case example provides a cautionary note regarding the interpretation that sheeted zones in large granitoid plutons imply
a diking mechanism of growth because the sheeted/dike complexes in plutons (1) may display inverse growth directions from
the growth of the overall intrusive sequence; (2) need not record initial chamber construction and instead may reflect late
pulsing of magma within an already constructed magma chamber; (3) have an overprinting magmatic fabric indicating the continued
presence of melt after construction of sheeted complexes and thus a prolonged thermal history as compared to dikes; and (4)
because the scale of the observed sheeted complexes may be small (<1%) in comparison to large homogenous parts of plutons,
in which there is no evidence for sheeting or diking. Thus, where extensive dike complexes in plutons are absent, such as
in much of the Tuolumne batholith, the application of an incremental diking model to explain chamber construction is at best
speculative. 相似文献
523.
John Dodson Xiaoqiang Li Ming Ji Keliang Zhao Xinying Zhou Vladimir Levchenko 《Quaternary Research》2009,(3):309-314
Understanding of the origin and development of bronze technology in eastern Asia remains unresolved. Here we report on the distribution of copper and associated cations in sediments from Huoshiliang in northwestern Gansu, China, strontium and lead isotope analyses of ore and slag samples, and some artifact fragments at archaeological sites at Ganggangwa and Huoshiliang in the Black River valley.We conclude that bronze production began perhaps as early as 2135 BC and that the Baishantang modern mine site at Dingxin was a possible source of copper ore. There was at least one other, but currently unidentified, source of ore. The Bronze Age people were also farmers and planted cereals such as wheat, and they may have abandoned the region when wood was exhausted and desertification took over. 相似文献
524.
525.
Ping Zeng Huiquan Chen Baichuan Ao Ping Ji Xiaojian Wang Zhiliang Ou 《Coastal Engineering》2002,44(4)
A numerical and experimental modeling is presented for studying the transport of waste heat from a nuclear power plant into coastal water by using a full-field physical model with scale distortion, a local physical model with normal scale and a depth-averaged k− turbulence model with a modified second-order upwind scheme. Field investigations are also used to provide the calibration and validation of the modeling. A case study simulating the turbulent tidal flow and waste heat transport in the coastal water near Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in Southern China was conducted. The experimental result of the case study shows that the water temperature in coastal water was a little oversimulated near the surface and was a little undersimulated near the bottom of heated-water layer by the full-field physical model. The numerical study shows that the depth-averaged k− turbulence model presented a satisfied prediction of turbulent tidal flow and far-field temperature distribution in coastal water, although the near-field stratification due to the heated water effluent was not accounted for. The result of the effect of scale distortion on physical model shows that a full-field physical model with a scale distortion of 10 produced a satisfied result of temperature distribution in the present case study. 相似文献
526.
527.
瓦斯突出是一种常见的煤矿动力灾害现象,随着煤矿矿井开采深度的增加,煤层瓦斯含量、压力都呈上升趋势,发生煤与瓦斯突出的危险性加大.传统的瓦斯测量方法只能测量局部离散点瓦斯含量,难以从矿井及采区尺度对瓦斯含量进行预测.因此需要寻求一种能够在采区及工作面布设前预测煤层瓦斯富集程度的高效地球物理方法.背景噪声成像方法已经在城市地下空间、矿产资源等近地表成像中得到广泛的运用.本文将该方法首次应用到阳泉寺家庄煤矿井田区域,采用96个台站记录的连续背景噪声数据,通过互相关方法获得了台站对之间的瑞利面波经验格林函数,并进一步提取了 5 Hz~1.4 s的基阶瑞利面波的群速度和相速度频散曲线.本研究首先通过区域的平均频散曲线获得该区域的平均一维横波速度结构作为三维反演的初始模型;其次,利用基于射线追踪的面波频散直接成像方法获得研究区1.0 km以浅的三维横波速度结构;最后,结合获得的三维速度结构,以及岩石物理实验获得的瓦斯含量与地震波速度的经验关系,预测了寺家庄井田15号煤的瓦斯含量,预测的瓦斯含量与实际巷道揭露的瓦斯含量具有较好的一致性.本研究成果表明,对于煤矿瓦斯分布预测来说,背景噪声成像方法是一种潜在有效的全新的技术形式. 相似文献
528.
529.
矿井勘探方法中,槽波地震是探测小构造最重要的一种方法,小构造的定量探测对于工作面的设计和开采具有重要的意义,通过透反射联合勘探并以揭露信息进行约束能够取得准确的结果.对山西龙泉矿4203工作面进行槽波透反射勘探,巷道的煤厚为6.8 m,巷道揭露的断层f29落差为7 m,f30落差为11.8 m,利用椭圆切线法和透射层析成像信息得出槽波的解释成果,从构造发育规律和三维地震解释的断层的数量、延伸长度、走向进行统计分析,合理推断槽波探测断层在工作面内外分布及延伸长度,并通过钻探得到了验证,得出在有效利用先验地质资料条件下矿井槽波地震透反射法具有广泛的应用前景. 相似文献
530.
通过分析某一区域地震事件的时空演化过程可以了解该区域地震的演化特征,为评估该地区地震的危险性提供依据。基于中国地震科学实验场2000年至2019年3.0级以上的地震事件数据,利用加权平均中心、标准差椭圆和全局空间自相关等空间统计学方法探索该地区地震事件的时空演变规律。结果表明:(1)汶川地震之后该地区地震的发生频次总体呈现出下降趋势,地震的活动性逐渐减弱。(2)地震加权平均中心呈现出"折返"型的移动规律,在东北-西南方向上来回震荡。(3)地震事件的空间分布呈现"东北-西南"格局走向,与映秀-北川断裂带的方向基本一致。(4)该地区地震事件的空间分布模式以聚集模式为主,且正处于上升阶段,但上升速度较为缓慢。 相似文献