喜马拉雅山北部地区的地壳结构模型和速度分布特征

本文根据1981年西藏南部喜马拉雅地区的人工地震测深资料进行了震相对比,分辨出t₁、t₂、t₃、t₄、t₅和t₆六组地壳中和莫霍界面的反射波,并用理论走时曲线、绘制速度曲线图、射线跟踪和综合地震图等方法得到了主测线（PP）上各地段的地壳结构模型。初步结果表明,该地区地壳西段较薄（约73公里）,东段稍厚（约77公里）,平均总厚度约为75公里。地壳的平均P波速度约为6.2-6.3公里/秒。 地壳为高低速相间的多层结构。在中上部有一低速层,其厚度为数公里,速度为5.6-5.7公里/秒,与上层速度差为0.5-0.6公里/秒。低速层在测线东段比较肯定,在西段则不甚明显。结合藏南定日、岗巴一线有强烈水热活动的事实,低速层的存在可能意味着地壳中存在部分熔融的高温物质。下部地壳的速度为6.7-6.8公里/秒,且比较均匀。从莫霍面反射波的特征来看,在紧靠其上方可能有一个速度反转带,其厚度亦为数公里。上部地壳的结构在横向上有较大的差异,这说明在地质历史上,西藏特提斯带曾经历过强烈的地壳变动。     

Problems in the determination of freshwater dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae)

According to the most recent findings mainly from the life cycles and multiplication of dinoflagellates it is shown that using only the external morphology is not sufficient for the determination of many species nor for the key. Dinoflagellates are characterized by many transient features between protozoa and algae and they cannot be introduced without difficulties.     

箱法在草地温室气体通量野外实验观测中的应用研究

利用静态箱法采样,配以气相色谱仪法分析对草地N2O、CH4和CO2温室气体通量进行了较系统的现场测量,同时对箱体内外温度进行同步观测。在对野外原位观测实验数据进行定量分析的基础上,论证了静态箱法对草原土壤-植被系统的N2O、CH4和CO2通量测量的适用性和科学性,讨论了实验结果的可靠性。     

青藏高原东北缘海原弧形构造区地壳电性结构探测研究

对青藏高原东北缘海原弧形构造区（105deg;～107deg;E，36deg;～37.5deg;N）的5条大地电磁测深剖面进行处理分析和二维反演，得到研究区内东西宽约160 km、深约60 km范围的地壳电性细结构. 结果表明: 研究区呈现南西——北东的带状分布特征. 由南西——北东可分为6个电性区块，依次为西吉盆地(Ⅰ)、西、 南华山隆起(Ⅱ)、兴仁堡-海原盆地(Ⅲ)、中卫-清水河盆地(Ⅳ)、中宁-红寺堡盆地(Ⅴ)和鄂尔多斯西缘带(Ⅵ). 各区块在平面上呈北西撒开、 南东收缩的ldquo;扫帚状rdquo;形态；弧形构造区弧顶附近构造完整、规模大，自弧顶向北西、南东两端构造规模逐渐减小. 地表到深度10 km左右，西、南华山隆起和鄂尔多斯西缘带呈高阻特性，西吉、兴仁堡-海原、中卫——清水河和中宁-红寺堡4个盆地的电阻率较低且呈盆地凹陷形状. 其中兴仁堡-海原盆地电性基底最深，显示为南西深北东浅的ldquo;簸箕状rdquo;起伏形态. 研究区发育不连续的壳内低阻带，与该区中、强震活动密切相关. 1920年海原大震区存在明显的电性结构差异，震区南西侧和上部区域为相对高阻，北东侧和下部区域为相对低阻.      

内蒙古阴山地区特异区域重磁场与深部构造

根据内蒙古阴山山系及邻近地区的布格重力异常分布特征，发现阴山、大青山山地和呼包盆地地区的布格重力异常分布与地形高程呈“同步型”的特异变化特征.而该地区航磁异常分布呈现为阴山山区是大面积负磁异常区，呼包盆地为强正磁异常区的特异磁异常分布特征.通过对地震、大地电磁数据、特别是重力数据资料的处理分析，给出阴山山系和呼包盆地地区的地壳结构，均表明地壳底界面都没有明显的下凹与上凸，且盆地北缘为两大块体的接触带.这些特征可能表征着阴山山系和呼包盆地重磁异常呈特异变化的一些原因.     

大地电磁自适应正则化反演算法

针对大地电磁正则化反演中正则化因子的选取困难问题提出了自适应正则化反演算法（Adaptive Regularized Inversion Algorithm, ARIA）. 在该算法中， ①提出了一种新的数据方差处理方法：数据方差规范化，使得数据方差的大小只对数据的拟合发生影响，不对数据目标函数和模型约束目标函数的权重产生影响，从而减少了正则化因子取值的影响因素；②提出了粗糙度核矩阵的概念，并给出了由基本结构插值基函数计算粗糙度核矩阵的公式，使得模型目标函数的构建更为简便、直接；③根据数据目标函数、模型约束目标函数和正则化因子之间的关系，提出了两种正则化因子自适应调节方法. 本文详细阐述了最平缓模型约束下的大地电磁一维连续介质反演的ARIA实现，以几个算例的分析比较来说明ARIA的有效性.     

海南什统萤石矿床地质特征

什统萤石矿床位于海南省白沙拗陷带与五指山隆起的接触部位,是以断裂控矿为主的大型萤石矿床,其容矿构造为NE向张扭性断裂,成矿围岩为二长花岗岩和结晶灰岩.笔者以现场地质事实为依据,细致地研究该区的矿床地质特征,为今后的萤石矿床地质探矿提供了理论依据.     

Suspended sediment load transport in the Mississippi River basin at St. Louis: temporal scaling and nonlinear determinism

This study investigates the dynamic behavior of suspended sediment load transport at different temporal scales in the Mississippi River basin. Data corresponding to five successively doubled temporal scales (i.e. daily, two‐day, four‐day, eight‐day and 16‐day) from the St. Louis gaging station in Missouri are analyzed. The investigation is focused on identifying possible low‐dimensional deterministic behavior in the suspended sediment load transport dynamics, with an aim towards reduction in model complexity. The correlation dimension method is used to identify low‐dimensional determinism. The suspended sediment load dynamics are represented through phase‐space reconstruction, and the variability is estimated using the (proximity of) reconstructed vectors in the phase space. The results indicate the presence of low‐dimensional determinism in the suspended sediment load series at each of the five temporal scales, with the variables dominantly governing the dynamics in the order of three or four. These results not only suggest the appropriateness of relatively simpler models but also hint at possible scale invariance in the suspended sediment load transport dynamics. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Magmatic structures in the Krkonoše–Jizera Plutonic Complex,Bohemian Massif: evidence for localized multiphase flow and small-scale thermal–mechanical instabilities in a granitic magma chamber

The present paper examines magmatic structures in the Jizera and Liberec granites of the Krkonoše–Jizera Plutonic Complex, Bohemian Massif. The magmatic structures are here interpreted to preserve direct field evidence for highly localized magma flow and other processes in crystal-rich mushes, and to capture the evolution of physical processes in an ancient granitic magma chamber. We propose that after chamber-wide mixing and hybridization, as suggested by recent petrological studies, laminar magma flow became highly localized to weaker channel-like domains within the higher-strength crystal framework. Mafic schlieren formed at flow rims, and their formation presumably involved gravitational settling and velocity gradient flow sorting coupled with interstitial melt escape. Local thermal or compositional convection may have resulted in the formation of vertical schlieren tubes and ladder dikes whereas subhorizontal tubes or channels formed during flow driven by lateral gradients in magma pressure. After the cessation or deceleration of channel flow, gravity-driven processes (settling of crystals and enclaves, gravitational differentiation, development of downward dripping instabilities), accompanied by compaction, filter pressing and melt segregation, dominated in the crystal mush within the flow channels. Subsequently, magmatic folds developed in schlieren layers and the magma chamber recorded complex, late magmatic strains at high magma crystallinities. Late-stage magma pulsing into localized submagmatic cracks represents the latest events of magmatic history of the chamber prior to its final crystallization. We emphasize that the most favorable environments for the formation and preservation of magmatic structures, such as those hosted in the Jizera and Liberec granites, are slowly cooling crystal-rich mushes. Therefore, where preserved in plutons, these structures may lend strong support for a “mush model” of magmatic systems.     

河南范县M_L4.7级地震的启示

2006年4月9日,在河南省范县(35o40’N,115o24’E)发生ML4.7级地震,地震的宏观震中位于河南省范县的王楼乡、辛庄乡以及濮阳县的濮城镇,震中烈度Ⅴ度。地震的有感范围较大,南起山东省的曹县,北至河北省的大名,西起河南省的濮阳县,东到山东省的郓城县,总面积大约10000余km2。地震虽然没有造成人员伤亡,但是却使许多没有抗震性能的农村房屋和校舍遭到严重破坏,