东北春夏季降水气温异常的时空分布以及与旱涝的关系

利用东北地区19个测站的1951--2000年逐月降水、气温资料，采用综合的经验正交函数展开等诊断方法，研究了春、夏季节降水、气温异常的空间分布特征、时间变化规律以及与旱涝年份之间的关系。结果表明，所得到的降水、气温异常的典型配置场及其时间系数能较好地反映东北地区降水、气温异常的时空特征，且夏季时间系数出现极值的年份与东北地区不同区域发生较严重旱涝的年份存在很好的对应关系。     

下击暴流自动识别算法研究

针对下击暴流反射率因子核心下降和低层强辐散的流场特征,开发了基于多普勒天气雷达资料的下击暴流自动识别算法。首先采用风暴识别和追踪算法对风暴进行分类识别,计算风暴反射率因子核心下降的高度,同时对多普勒雷达最低层径向速度资料进行处理,寻找符合低空辐散特征的一维辐散矢量;其次利用二维识别技术合并成二维辐散特征,并采用一组质量...     

三峡库区对局地暴雨和江面大风影响的理论模型

从考虑水汽凝结潜热作用的两维非静力平衡方程组出发,利用江陆边界条件,从理论上求得适用于陆地水体的解析解。结果表明,当0〈k〈1.0℃·km-1时（k为水汽凝结潜热）,江风环流比陆风环流强,两岸比江面容易形成暴雨;当k〉1.0℃·km-1时,江风环流比陆风环流弱,江面比两岸容易形成暴雨;当0.5℃·km-1≤k≤0.9℃·km-1时,江陆面上方低层易出现大风。在江陆风环流中心附近流线出现与锋面类似的间断面,可用于解释雷达图上的海陆面上空类切变线的线状回波。此回波与冷锋相遇,易形成暴雨。     

Contribution of Water Vapor to the Record-Breaking Extreme Meiyu Rainfall along the Yangtze River Valley in 2020

A record-breaking extreme Meiyu rainfall occurred along the Yangtze River valley(YRV) in 2020 since 1961, persisting from 11 June to 31 July with the largest amount and the highest intensity. From the aspect of water vapor, the causes of its formation are revealed in this study. The 2020 Meiyu rainfall amount is directly attributed to the greatly enhanced vertically integrated water vapor transport(IVT) convergence, which is in turn primarily determined by the mean circulation dynamic(MCD) contribution associated with anomalous East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) and the thermodynamic component(TH) contribution due to water vapor anomaly. The MCD contribution is mainly responsible for the extreme Meiyu rainfall amount and abundant water vapor convergence in the YRV, whereas the TH contribution tends to shift Meiyu rain belt northward to the Yangtze–Huaihe River valley, extending the Meiyu rainfall coverage area. Furthermore, the excessive moist static energy(MSE) associated with the largest water vapor anomaly could substantially increase the atmospheric instability, favoring the extreme 2020 Meiyu rainfall intensity. In terms of the tremendous IVT to the YRV from both the South China Sea and Bay of Bengal during the 2020 Meiyu period, the low-level anticyclone anomalies over the western North Pacific(WNP) and Bay of Bengal provide appropriate atmospheric circulation conditions, and they are generated by the super suppressed WNP convective activities as a Matsuno–Gill type response, which are further attributed to the combined warm SST anomalies in both the tropical western Indian Ocean(TWIO) and tropical Atlantic Ocean(TAO) eventually.     

多模式集合对中国气温的模拟效果及未来30年中国气温变化预估

利用1961-1999年中国区域701个气象站气温观测资料,分析了20个全球气候模式(IPCCAR4)在中国区域地面气温的模拟能力;利用三因素统计方法,先确定各模式气温模拟的权重因子,最后对多模式做不等权重和等权重的集合模拟.在此基础上分析了A2,A1B,B1排放情景下未来时段(2011-2040年)中国区域的气温变化...     

A method to estimate concentrations of surface-level particulate matter using satellite-based aerosol optical thickness

We propose a new method to estimate surface-level particulate matter(PM)concentrations by using satellite-retrieved Aerosol Optical Thickness(AOT).This method considers the distribution and variation of Planetary Boundary Layer(PBL)height and relative humidity(RH)at the regional scale.The method estimates surface-level particulate matter concentrations using the data simulated by an atmospheric boundary layer model RAMS and satellite-retrieved AOT.By incorporation MODIS AOT,PBL height and RH simulated by RAMS,this method is applied to estimate the surface-level PM 2.5 concentrations in North China region.The result is evaluated by using 16 ground-based observations deployed in the research region,and the result shows a good agreement between estimated PM 2.5 concentrations and observations,and the coefficient of determination R2 is 0.61 between the estimated PM 2.5 concentrations and the observations.In addition,surface-level PM 2.5 concentrations are also estimated by using MODIS AOT,ground-based LIDAR observations and RH measurements.A comparison between the two estimated PM 2.5 concentrations shows that the new method proposed in this paper is better than the traditional method.The coefficient of determination R2 is improved from 0.32 to 0.62.     

电缆地层测试器在渗透率各向异性地层中的响应

为正确地设计仪器和解释电缆地层测试器的测量结果,文中建立了渗透率各向异性地层中电缆地层测试器响应的数学模型,并利用三维有限元方法得到其数值,解得到了压力场随时间、距离变化及等压面等的各种结果。     

地铁双隧道施工引起地表沉降及变形的随机预测方法

地铁施工引起地表沉降及变形的预测和控制是一个有待于深入研究的重要课题。地铁区间隧道大多为近距离的双孔平行隧道,两隧道开挖引起的地表沉降及变形往往相互叠加,导致沉降及变形预测更加困难。以随机介质理论为基础,对预测公式进行了改进,实现了双孔平行隧道施工引起的地表沉降、水平位移、水平变形、倾斜、曲率预测,研发了城市隧道开挖引起的地表沉降及变形预测系统。对多处双孔平行隧道工程进行了理论预测与验证,实测沉降证明了理论方法与预测系统的科学性和有效性。     

基于GML的国土规划多源异构数据集成模型

国土规划所需的数据来自于土地、水、矿产等多主题数据,数据生产、存储、调用的方式具有多样性,给数据集成应用带来了极大的困扰。为了解决这个问题,在分析地理标记语言(GML)格式特征的基础上,提出了一种基于GML的国土规划多源异构数据集成模型,分析了基于该模型的多源异构数据集成技术流程,实现了Map GIS数据、Arc GIS数据向GML数据的转换和集成分析。实践验证,该方法在一定程度上可满足国土规划应用的需求。     

天然气水合物调查区微地貌特征探测成果

本文介绍了利用近海底探测设备声学深拖和ROV遥控潜水器在天然气水合物调查区进行的微地貌探测成果。结合前期地震调查成果,在地震剖面上显示的三个贯穿海底的气烟囱区域对应的海底探测到麻坑、海底丘状体。另外,在水合物喷发的冷泉区,首先使用搭载在声学深拖上的侧扫声呐对目标区进行较大范围的调查,利用声呐图像上的"亮斑异常"确定冷泉喷口的位置,再利用ROV遥控潜水器开展精准下潜探测,在冷泉区识别出碳酸盐岩结壳、泥火山特征地貌、羽状流现象和一些典型的生物特征。