高温高压下橄榄石含水实验和软流圈成因

高温高压橄榄石含水实验表明，水进入橄榄石能加速其塑性形变，促进了地幔塑性流动，为上部软流圈成因提供一种新的可能依据。     

圆钢管混凝土压弯构件荷载一位移滞回性能分析

在空钢管中填充混凝土可以避免或延缓钢管过早地发生局部屈曲，并有效地提高构件的延性，从而增强构件的抗震性能，本文在对圆钢管混凝土构件弯矩－曲率关系分析的基础上，分析了圆钢管混凝土压弯构件P－△滞回关系曲线，理论计算结果得到国内外大量结果的验证，基于理论分析模型，分析了各参，如构件轴压比，长细比，截面含钢率和材料强度等因素对圆钢管混凝土压变变构件P－△滞回关系曲线的影响，最后，确定了圆钢管混凝土压弯构件P－△恢复力学模型和延性系数的简化计算方法。     

陆相盆地沉积作用与构造作用的关系

构造作用与沉积作用两者之间的联系性和统一性正受到人们重视。陆相盆地沉积作用受构造作用的控制极为明显。沉积演化就是构造演化的反映,陆相盆地沉积作用直接反映了构造活动的特征。陆相盆地沉积作用最主要的特征是相变快和幕式沉积作用。按构造动力学背景,可将陆相盆地分为三大类型:张性盆地、压性盆地和剪性盆地。这三类盆地在沉积作用上有很大差异。     

雅鲁藏布江流域地-气系统的水平衡

利用NCEP/NCAR1980-1989年10年逐日00UTC、12UTC再分析资料及青藏高原降水、径流资料,研究了青藏高原雅鲁藏布江流域的水平衡特征,估算了雅鲁藏布江流域的蒸发、土壤和地下水含量。结果表明:雅鲁藏布江流域夏季是水汽辐合区,降水大于蒸发;秋末到次年春季是水汽通量辐散区,蒸发大于降水。降水主要集中在6～9月。径流的年际变化趋势同降水相近,径流主要是由降水补给的,径流峰值滞后降水峰值一个月。雅鲁藏布江流域土壤及地下含水量从1～6月逐渐减少,7月以后开始增加,10月是土壤及地下水最丰富的时段。20世纪80年代中期和后期降水、蒸发、径流等呈增长趋势,这同ENSO事件有关。     

闽西南地区成岩成矿作用与构造环境

闽西南地区是特提斯构造域向环太平洋大陆边缘构造域转换的典型地区，区内多期构造演化形成了复杂多变的构造单元格局和多种成岩成矿环境。多期多阶段火山侵入岩浆作用为矿集区矿床的形成提供了良好的热液活动条件和深部热源基础。笔者总结了研究区矿床时空演化规律、矿床成矿系列与成矿构造环境的关系，指出复杂多变的构造环境造成了本区矿床具多时代、多层位、多矿种、多成因类型的特点。     

东马珠穆沁旗中铁陨石表面的角砾状橄榄石的特征

东乌珠穆沁旗中铁陨石中有二种橄榄石。一种是陨石中基质橄榄石，另一种是镶嵌在陨石表面的角砾状橄榄石。电子探针成分分析结果表明，两种橄榄石中的FeO和MnO比值，包体矿物种类，包体铁纹石和镍纹石中Fe,Ni的含量等，均有较大区别。陨石中基质橄榄石矿物是本陨石中原物质，而角砾状橄榄石是宇宙中物质。他们是两块自由翱于宇宙中的物质碰撞混合而形成的东乌珠穆旗陨石中这种现象。     

绿片岩力学性质的实验研究

绿片岩的力学实验表明 ,在围压 45 0MPa条件下 ,岩石约于 45 0℃开始塑性变形。温度升至 5 5 0℃时变形加剧 ,原来直径为 10mm、高 2 0mm的均匀圆柱体变成直径为 10 8mm、高 17 4mm、中部变粗的不规则柱体。这一结果为解释青藏高原的地壳加厚提供了一定的实验依据     

POROSITY AND PORE STRUCTURE FROM ACOUSTIC WELL LOGGING DATA1

Wyllie's time-average equation and subsequent refinements have been used for over 20 years to estimate the porosity of reservoir rocks from compressional (P)-wave velocity (or its reciprocal, transit time) recorded on a sonic log. This model, while simple, needs to be more convincingly explained in theory and improved in practice, particularly by making use of shear (S)-wave velocity. One of the most important, although often ignored, factors affecting elastic velocities in a rock is pore structure, which is also a controlling factor for transport properties of a rock. Now that S-wave information can be obtained from the sonic log, it may be used with P-waves to provide a better understanding of pore structure. A new acoustic velocities-to-porosity transform based on an elastic velocity model developed by Kuster and Toksöz is proposed. Employing an approximation to an equivalent pore aspect ratio spectrum, pore structure for reservoir rocks is taken into account, in addition to total pore volume. Equidimensional pores are approximated by spheres and rounded spheroids, while grain boundary pores and flat pores are approximated by low aspect ratio cracks. An equivalent pore aspect ratio spectrum is characterized by a power function which is determined by compressional-and shear-wave velocities, as well as by matrix and inclusion properties. As a result of this more sophisticated elastic model of porous rocks and a stricter theory of elastic wave propagation, the new method leads to a more satisfactory interpretation and fuller use of seismic and sonic log data. Calculations using the new transform on data for sedimentary rocks, obtained from published literature and laboratory measurements, are presented and compared at atmospheric pressure with those estimated from the time-average equation. Results demonstrate that, to compensate for additional complexity, the new method provides more detailed information on pore volume and pore structure of reservoir rocks. Examples are presented using a realistic self-consistent averaging scheme to consider interactions between pores, and the possibility of extending the method to complex lithologies and shaly rocks is discussed.     

青藏高原东缘新生代隆升剥露与断裂活动的低温热年代学约束

青藏高原东缘作为高原生长的东边界,其新生代以来隆升剥露与扩展模式备受关注.高原内部平缓的地貌和边界构造带不显著的缩短变形被认为是下地壳流作用的重要证据.然而近年来,越来越多的低温热年代学研究结果表明,中-晚新生代以来跨不同断裂带存在显著的差异性隆升剥露,指示了断裂体系在青藏高原东缘构造变形与演化中的重要作用.本文系统收集区域内现有不同封闭温度体系的低温热年代学数据,综合分析结果表明青藏高原东缘隆升剥露及生长扩展与整个高原抬升具有准同步性.最为广泛和显著的剥露主要发生在~30 Ma以来,且高原东缘的最大侵蚀量区受控于断裂活动,快速侵蚀带的空间分布与鲜水河断裂带相一致.在区域尺度上,现有数据所揭示的剥露事件启动、持续时间及速率的显著差异性揭示了断层活动对青藏高原东缘地表剥露过程的控制作用.本文提出青藏高原向东扩展是多阶段、非均匀过程,新生代以来不同断裂带在青藏高原向东扩展过程中起到了至关重要的作用,不支持"下地壳流假说"强调的"东缘上地壳变形不显著"的认识.     

NON-LINEAR CRITICAL LAYER IN EL NINO AND LA NINA YEARS AND FORMATION, MAINTENTENANCE AND OSCILLATION OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH

Monthly mean zonal wind data from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting(ECMWF)for December 1982, April 1983, October 1984 and ApriI 1985 are used in numerical integration as thebasic flow in a non-linear critical-layer model. The subtropical high is extensive and limited in number if simulated with the basic now in December 1982 and April 1983. It consists of 2 to 3 cells that move westward at alloscillatory periods of 1～2 months. The subtropical high, simulated with the basic flow in October 1984 and April1 985. is weak and small in coverage, or distributed in strips that contain up to 4 cells. The high. merged or spillover a short time. is moving westward. The years 1982 ～1983 are a process of EI Niño while the years 1984-1985one of La Niña. lt is known from the chart of energy flux that it oscillates by a much larger amplitude and longerperiod in the EI Niño year than in the La Niña year. All the results above have indicated that the basic flow in the EI Niño year is enhancing the subtropical high lagging by about 4 months and that in the La Niña year is decay'ing it. It is consiStent with the well-known observational fact that the SSTA in the equatorial eastern Pacitlc ispositively correlated with the extent and intensity of the subtropical high in west Pacific lagging by 1～2 seasons.The result is also important for further study of the formation, maintenance and oscillation of the subtropicalhigh.