Geochronology, Fluid Inclusions and Isotopic Characteristics of the Dongjun Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit, Inner Mongolia, NE China

The Dongjun Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the northern part of the Great Xing’an Range (NE China) consists of quartz-sulfide vein-type and breccia-type mineralization, related to granite porphyry. Hydrothermal alteration is well-developed and includes potassic-silicic-sericitic alteration, phyllic alteration and propylitic alteration. Three stages of mineralization are recognized on the basis of field evidence and petrographic observation, demarcated by assemblages of quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite (early stage), quartz-polymetallic sulfide (intermediate stage) and quartz-carbonate-pyrite (late stage). Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicates that the granite porphyry was emplaced at 146.7 ± 1.2 Ma (Late Jurassic). Microthermometry and laser Raman spectroscopy shows that ore minerals were deposited in conditions of intermediate temperatures (175–359°C), low salinity (0.5–9.3 wt% NaCl eqv.) and low density (0.60–0.91 g/cm3). Ore-forming fluids were derived largely from magmatic hydrothermal processes, with late-stage addition of meteoric water, belonging to a H2O-NaCl-CO2 ± CH4 system. The δ34SV-CDT values range from 0.75‰ to 4.70‰. The 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb values of the ore minerals are in the ranges of 18.240–18.371, 15.542–15.570, and 38.100–38.178, respectively. Data for the S and Pb isotopic systems indicate that the ore-forming metals and sulfur were derived from Mesozoic magma. Based on the geological characteristics and geochemical signatures documented in this study, we conclude that the Dongjun deposit is a mesothermal magmatic hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposit controlled by fractures and related to granite porphyry, in response to Late Jurassic tectonic–magmatic–hydrothermal activity. We further conclude that fluid immiscibility, fluid mixing and fluid-rock interactions were the dominant mechanisms for deposition of the ore-forming materials.     

微束分析测试技术十年(2011~2020)进展与展望

现代地球科学研究的重大突破在很大程度上取决于观测和分析技术的创新。新世纪以来,我国地球科学领域引进了一批高性能新型微束分析仪器设备,建立了一批高规格的实验室。本文回顾了近十年来微束分析技术与方法的主要进展及其在地球科学研究中的应用实例,包括电子探针、扫描电镜、透射电镜、大型离子探针、纳米离子探针、飞行时间二次离子质谱、激光剥蚀等离子体质谱、激光诱导原子探针、原子探针技术、显微红外光谱、同步辐射等,这些分析技术的进步和广泛应用极大地提高了我们对地球和行星演化历史及许多地质过程的理解。今后,应加快微束分析的新技术、新方法和新标准的开发,特别是高水平人才队伍建设,提高创新能力并在国际学术舞台上发挥重要作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘黄陵矿区中生代煤系烃源层构造—热演化过程与生物气生成

煤系烃源层的构造—热演化过程研究对揭示煤系气的生成机制具有重要意义.为揭示鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘黄陵矿区向斜核部中生代煤系烃源层的构造—热演化过程、生排烃阶段及煤系气成因类型,根据含煤地层岩性、剩余地层现今埋深、储层孔隙度、镜质组最大反射率、甲烷碳氢同位素组成和生物甲烷产率等数据,运用Petromod 1D模拟软件与回剥反演法及EASY％Ro法对研究区煤系烃源岩的受热和生烃演化过程进行重建.研究结果表明:黄陵矿区自晚三叠世以来,煤系主要经历了3～4次"沉降—抬升"过程,其生烃演化过程可分为原生生物成因气、热成因气和次生生物成因气3个阶段.晚三叠世末期至中侏罗世早期,煤系烃源岩镜质组最大反射率演化至0.3％,对应原生生物成因气生成阶段;中侏罗世早期至早白垩世末期,煤系埋深及受热温度逐渐升高至最大值,镜质组最大反射率演化至0.67％～0.74％,热解生烃作用停止,对应热成因气生成阶段;自始新世早期至今,煤系发生抬升且埋深浅于2077～2148 m,受热温度低于75℃,对应次生生物成因气生成阶段.侏罗系延安组3号和2号煤层中甲烷碳、氢同位素组成数据和微生物降解煤岩生成生物气实验(甲烷累计产率为10.5～16.1μmol/g)为该区存在次生生物成因气提供了直接证据.     

西藏南羌塘增生杂岩中俯冲反向驱动高压变质岩折返:来自猫耳山大型拆离断层的启示

大洋岩石圈俯冲增生过程中可能伴随着复杂的深部板片运动过程。高压变质岩无疑是记录这些深部过程的良好载体。最近的研究提出,在特定情况下,双向俯冲中占主导的俯冲板块拖曳另一侧板块发生反向运动,从而短板片可能被另一侧长板片拖出。该研究提示我们关注俯冲增生过程中这种可能的“不正常”的板片运动方式,从而客观而全面地剖析碰撞造山带。现有高压变质岩折返模式中,除了俯冲隧道流模式,其余模式均强调单次快速折返。然而,俯冲反向运动导致的折返过程有所不同:对单个高压变质岩来说仍是快速折返,但是对整体高压变质岩带来说,整个俯冲反向期间必然都存在高压变质岩折返,从而形成较长的折返过程持续时间。对上地壳层次的折返相关构造变形的研究有助于揭示上述过程。     

安徽太湖县地质灾害特征及其危险性评价

太湖县地处安徽省西南部、大别山区南缘,地质条件复杂,地形切割较大,山体陡峭,岩石风化强烈,加上人类工程活动活跃,降雨集中,在很大程度上改变了原有的地质环境条件,在内外动力作用下,导致该地区存在或者发育多种地质环境问题,如水土流失、矿山环境问题和滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等.其中滑坡、崩塌和泥石流等是这一地区较为严重的地质环境问题,因地质灾害而造成的经济损失较为严重.本文分析了县域内地质灾害发育特征、分布规律及地质灾害形成条件,对该区地质灾害危险性进行了分区评价,并就如何加强地质灾害防治提出了建议.     

浅钻岩石地球化学测量在皖东江山金矿的应用及找矿预测

江山金矿是皖东浅覆盖区内的典型隐伏矿床,常规化探采集的表层土壤样品异常不明显.利用浅钻在江山金矿区内采集了运积物覆盖层之下的岩石样品.江山金矿岩石地球化学异常明显,根据江山金矿的地球化学特征总结了异常模式.在研究区内共圈定了5处异常区.其中III号组合异常为江山金矿的矿致异常.江山金矿外围的组合异常具有寻找Au、Pb多金属矿的良好前景.可在II号组合异常内开展进一步的矿产勘查工作,争取找矿突破.     

面向自然资源信息提取的多源异构数据融合技术——以汉江流域NDVI数据为例

高时空分辨率的自然资源指标数据对大尺度自然资源动态观测与趋势评估至关重要。大数据时代下的海量多源数据为数据高效融合利用提供了可能。以重构汉江流域归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)数据为例,搭建了PostgreSQL自然资源时空大数据处理底层架构,集成了数据级融合法、特征级融合法和决策级融合法,基于机器学习算法构建了一套面向自然资源信息提取的多源异构数据智能融合技术,实现了多源数据的高效利用与特征空间优选。同时,重构了2000—2019年汉江流域NDVI 1 km逐年数据集,全面反映了汉江流域植被动态变化。研究结果可为地球科学时空大数据的高效提取与模拟分析提供科学参考,为定量核算林草资源禀赋规模、探究生态系统时空演变规律提供一种更精准、更便捷的技术手段。     

泰青威天然气管道临朐段水毁灾害分布特征与风险评价

对泰青威天然气管道临朐段地质灾害发育特征进行调查研究发现,临朐段地质灾害类型主要为水毁灾害,具体可分为坡面水毁、河沟道水毁和台田地水毁。野外地质灾害实地调查临朐段管道沿线共发现地质灾害15处,其中坡面水毁点6处,河沟道水毁点4处,台田地水毁点5处。采用定性与半定量相结合的评价方法对其进行地质灾害风险评价,结果表明: 地质灾害风险等级较高的有1处,占6.66%; 风险等级中等的有4处,占26.67%; 风险等级较低的有10处,占66.67%。根据管道沿线地形地貌、地质灾害发育密度、风险等级等因素,划分地质灾害中易发区61 km,低易发区10 km,管道沿线以地质灾害中易发区为主。最后,针对不同类型、不同风险等级地质灾害提出了相应的防治消减措施,为后期管道安全运营和风险整治决策提供了有效的技术依据。     

2017年冬季长沙一次重度霾污染天气过程气象成因分析

利用空气质量监测资料、常规气象资料,根据气象条件的水平和垂直扩散能力,以及地面湿度和动力条件等分析了2017年1月27—29日长沙地区这次严重空气污染事件的污染特征。结果表明:污染发生时段,南支槽不断加深东移,槽前势力强盛的西南气流将孟加拉湾一带的水汽向长沙地区输送,进一步增加了该地区的空气湿度。同时,持续东移的脊前暖平流对长沙中低层大气增温有显著影响,为稳定的大气层结创造了有利条件。长沙处于弱高压的底后部,受大范围的弱鞍型场及均压场控制,地面有暖倒槽发展,且由于高压较弱,导致地面和低空的风速较小,不利于污染物的水平扩散,同时有利于夜间地面的辐射降温。稳定的大气环流形势为霾天气和严重污染提供了持续稳定的大气环境场,逆温结构和稳定温度层结在一定程度上减弱了大气在垂直方向上的湍流交换和热力对流,大气中的污染颗粒不易扩散,为此次污染事件的维持、加剧提供了重要的气象条件。长沙地区处在罗霄山脉和雪峰山脉之间的湘江故地,受周边地形阻挡的影响,污染物在下沉气流的控制下聚集到长沙地区后,很难通过水平输送离开,这也是造成此次霾污染的原因之一。     

A Numerical Investigation on Microphysical Properties of Clouds and Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer 2014

In order to improve our understanding of microphysical properties of clouds and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), six cloud and precipitation processes with different intensities during the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment (TIPEX-Ⅲ) from 3 July to 25 July 2014 in Naqu region of the TP are investigated by using the high-resolution mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results show unique properties of summertime clouds and precipitation processes over the TP. The initiation process of clouds is closely associated with strong solar radiative heating in the daytime, and summertime clouds and precipitation show an obvious diurnal variation. Generally, convective clouds would transform into stratiform clouds with an obvious bright band and often produce strong rainfall in midnight. The maximum cloud top can reach more than 15 km above sea level and the velocity of updraft ranges from 10 to 40 m s-1. The simulations show high amount of supercooled water content primarily located between 0 and -20℃ layer in all the six cases. Ice crystals mainly form above the level of -20℃ and even appear above the level of -40℃ within strong convective clouds. Rainwater mostly appears below the melting layer, indicating that its formation mainly depends on the melting process of precipitable ice particles. Snow and graupel particles have the characteristics of high content and deep vertical distribution, showing that the ice phase process is very active in the development of clouds and precipitation. The conversion and formation of hydrometeors and precipitation over the plateau exhibit obvious characteristics. Surface precipitation is mainly formed by the melting of graupel particles. Although the warm cloud microphysical process has less direct contribution to the formation of surface precipitation, it is important for the formation of supercooled raindrops, which are essential for the formation of graupel embryos through heterogeneous freezing process. The growth of graupel particles mainly relies on the riming process with supercooled cloud water and aggregation of snow particles.