哈尔滨市冬季烟幕天气诊断分析

利用哈尔滨1960～2005年烟幕出现次数进行气候分析,找出了烟幕冬季的月、年变化规律,统计发现哈尔滨市烟幕日主要出现在冬季(11、12、1、2)4个月,并通过对哈尔滨市2000～2005年6a烟幕资料详细分析,结合烟幕发生时的天气特征,以及烟幕与各项天气要素之间的关系,找出烟幕的气象预报着眼点。烟幕日多产生在高压系统控制下,冬季烟尘排放量多、风速较小、大气层结稳定(常有逆温层存在)是多烟幕的主要原因。     

Testing the Ability of Numerical Model to Simulate Climate and Its Change With 4D-EOF Analysis

The four-dimensional empirical orthogonal function (4D-EOF), which in reality is a simple combination of three-dimensional EOF (3D-EOF) and extended EOF (EEOF), is put forward in this paper to test the ability of numerical model to simulate climate and its change. The 4D-E0F analysis is able to reveal not only the horizontal characteristic pattern of analyzed variable, and its corresponding annual and inter-annual variations, but also the vertical structural characteristics. The method suggested is then used to analyze the monthly mean 100-, 500-, 70G-, and 1000-hPa geopotential height fields (4941 grids and grid spacing 60 km) and their anomaly fields in 1989-1998 simulated by the MM5V3 from the RMIP (Regional Climate Model Inter-comparison Project for East Asia)-II, as well as their counterparts (used as the observed fields) from the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis dataset in the same period. The ability of MM5V3 in simulating East Asian climate and its change is tested by comparing the 4D-EOF analysis results of the simulated and observed datasets. The comparative analyzed results show that the horizontal pattern of the first eigenvector of the observed monthly mean geopotential height fields and its vertical equivalent barotropic feature were well simulated; the simulations of the first two eigenvectors of the observed monthly mean geopotential height anomaly fields were also successful for their horizontal abnormal distributions and significant equivalent barotropic features in the vertical were well reproduced; and furthermore, the observed characteristics, such as the variation with height, the annual and inter-annual variations of the monthly mean geopotential height/anomaly fields were also well reflected in the simulation. Therefore, the 4D-EOF is able to comprehensively test numerical model's ability of simulating the climate and its change, and the simulation ability of MM5V3 for the climate and its change in East Asia in the 1990s was satisfactory.     

区域卫星导航系统GEO卫星定轨观测模型

根据GEO导航卫星的轨道特性，给出了数学上严密的卫星伪距观测和载波相位观测模型，讨论了GEO卫星轨道和卫星钟差的解算条件以及单星定轨、多星组差定轨的可行性。     

一种新型的遥感影像压缩质量评价指标

针对遥感影像的特性,提出了一个用于压缩质量评价的多维结构模型,该结构模型由影像特征畸变、纹理畸变和相关性损失三个"维"组成,在此基础上提出一种新的构像质量综合性评价指标。实验证明,该指标与传统的PSNR指标相比,与主观评价结果具有较好的吻合性。     

Late Cambrian to Early Silurian Granitic Rocks of the Gemuri Area, Central Qiangtang, North Tibet: New Constraints on the Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Margin of Gondwana

The Paleozoic tectonic framework and paleo–plate configuration of the northern margin of Gondwana remain controversial. The South Qiangtang terrane is located along the northern margin of Gondwana and records key processes in the formation and evolution of this supercontinent. Here, we present new field, petrological, zircon U-Pb geochronological, and Lu-Hf isotopic data for granitic rocks of the Gemuri pluton, all of which provide new insights into the evolution of the northern margin of Gondwana. Zircon U-Pb dating of the Gemuri pluton yielded three concordant ages of 488.5 ± 2.1, 479.9 ± 8.9, and 438.5 ± 3.5 Ma. Combining these ages with the results of previous research indicates that the South Qiangtang terrane records two magmatic episodes at 502–471 and 453–439 Ma. These two episodes are associated with enriched zircon Hf isotopic compositions(εHf(t) =-10.1 to-3.9 and-16.6 to-6.5, respectively), suggesting the granites were formed by the partial melting of Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks(Two–stage Hf model ages(TCDM) = 2094–1704 and 2466–1827 Ma, respectively). Combining these data with the presence of linearly distributed, contemporaneous Paleozoic igneous rocks along the northern margin of Gondwana, we suggest that all of these rocks were formed in an active continental margin setting. This manifests that the two magmatic episodes within the Gemuri area were associated with southward subduction in the Proto-(Paleo-) Tethys Ocean.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测试地质样品中的基体效应及校正办法

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）法分析速度快、干扰较少并能同时测定多种元素，被广泛应用于地质调查样品的分析测试中，成为通用的无机化学元素分析测试工具.在测定复杂基体样品时，由于基体效应产生的各种干扰也会影响分析测试结果，包括光谱干扰、物理干扰、化学干扰、电离干扰等.以ICAP-6000型号仪器为例，结合仪器特点及实际工作经验，对复杂基体地质样品测定中出现干扰的原因、特点进行分析，探讨基体消除的方法以保障测试结果的准确性.     

基于Weibull分布的红砂岩颗粒崩解破碎演化规律

红砂岩在我国分布广泛，由于含水率的变化使其崩解破碎十分显著。采用湖南株洲地区的红砂岩样，进行室内静态与扰动崩解试验。基于Weibull分布建立了红砂岩颗粒崩解破碎级配曲线演化模型，分析了模型参数λ与k的意义。分析表明，Weibull分布参数λ与k的大小及变化速率体现了红砂岩颗粒崩解破碎的演化过程。在建立模型的基础上，求得了相对崩解比的计算公式，并验证了计算公式的正确性。依据试验结果与模型计算值，讨论了耐崩解性指数与崩解比的异同及所采用试验方法的不同对试验结果造成的影响。在已有成果的基础上，验证了Weibull分布模型应用于岩石颗粒崩解破碎演化过程的可行性。     

华南震旦纪基性火山岩的地球化学及构造环境

华南地区产于震旦纪地层中的火山岩主要见于震旦纪裂谷盆地两侧的边缘,湖南新化和广东高思火山岩为其中的二个发育地区,镜下鉴定为玄武岩系。在ＳｉＯ２－Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ的分类图中主要为玄武岩类,有一样品为碧玄岩类,含有较多石英杏仁体玻璃质火山岩角砾的样品为玄武质安山岩类。在ＦｅＯ＊－Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ－ＭｇＯ三角图中所有样品均为拉斑质岩系。样品的重元素丰度模式具大陆－初始裂谷－Ｅ－ＭＯＲＢ拉斑玄武岩的过渡特征,在Ｎｂ、Ｚｒ、Ｙ、Ｔｉ图上属板内环境。在ＴｉＯ２－Ｋ２Ｏ－Ｐ２Ｏ５三角图上显示以大洋环境为主、大陆环境为次。湖南新化拉斑玄武岩的Ｓｍ、Ｎｄ同位素特征反映岩浆来源于亏损的地幔,并受到了老基底的污染。     

吐鲁番-哈密盆地南缘保罗系层序地层特征及成铀规律

本文运用层序地层学理论和工作方法,对吐鲁番-哈密盆地南缘诛罗系地层进行了详细研究,识别出3个Ｉ类层序,分别与岩石地层单位八道湾组、三工河组、西山窑组大致相当;在层序体系域、沉积体系研究的基础上,指出层序内高水位体系域（HST）中的辫状河三角洲体系是层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿产出的有利层位。     

五大连池近代火山老黑山火烧山火山喷发过程的考察研究

作者在已有工作的基础上,以当代火山学的研究思路和观点,为恢复五大连池两个近代火山,老黑山火烧山的喷发历史过程进行了野外考察研究工作。老黑山火山锥是由三套不同的碎屑堆积物组成。在锥体的南侧、东侧和西侧以及北测和北西侧有５个熔岩溢出口,按它们形成先后关系,认为有早、中、晚三期熔岩流。本文还对老黑山火山锥上的寄生火山、结壳熔岩与渣状熔岩的分布、流动特点及形成的控制因素进行了分析讨论。最后得出结论：老黑山火山是经多期次喷发活动形成的。火烧山火山锥是一碎屑化泡沫化程度很低的浮岩块和熔岩碎块组成,同老黑山有明显区别。