钻探参数实时采集系统研制与应用

钻探参数实时采集系统研制的目的是向钻探技术及管理人员提供直观的钻探实时参数,通过该系统可全天候的掌握钻探工况。钻探参数采集的方法是通过传感器采集压力、转速、位移、流量、液位等物理参数,使用配套的软硬件设备进行数据转换和处理,在人机交互界面显示直观的工程参数。该系统根据野外现场不同工作环境可以使用互联网、GPRS终端或者北斗卫星终端把现场实时工程数据无线传输至远程服务器上,用户通过手机或电脑即可查看到现场的实时或历史工程数据。采用本系统可以预防和减少钻探事故,为事故处理提供数据支撑,为实现钻探自动化、智能化提供基础数据。     

一种横观各向同性岩体蠕变模型

层状岩体由于层理面或者结构面的存在,在力学上具有横观各向同性的特点,现有的各向同性蠕变模型难以全面反映横观各向同性岩体的蠕变力学特性。为构建能够反映横观各向同性岩体的三维蠕变模型,以能反映瞬时应变、减速蠕变和稳态蠕变特征的黏弹性Burgers模型为基础,基于常泊松比假定,在三维各向同性蠕变本构方程的基础上,按照算子替换的方法,将横观各向同性柔度矩阵代替各向同性柔度矩阵,并考虑了平行和垂直层理方向岩体蠕变力学行为的差异性,推导了横观各向同性岩体的三维蠕变本构方程。根据本构方程的特点,提出了根据平行和垂直方向岩体蠕变试验结果进行三维蠕变本构模型中蠕变参数的辨识方法。将提出的模型应用于三轴蠕变试验参数辨识,从而获得了一套完整的三维蠕变参数,并与试验结果进行对比分析,从而验证了所提模型与方法的合理性和有效性。进一步,指出了传统蠕变试验设计方案的局限性,给出了横观各向同性材料蠕变试验设计建议。研究成果为研究岩体三维蠕变机制提供了新思路,可对岩体蠕变试验设计提供相应的科研支撑。     

基于简化力学模型的隧道锚极限承载力估值公式

悬索桥隧道式锚碇的设计理念为锚碇夹持岩体协同承载,因而承载能力远超同体积的重力式锚碇。但因目前对围岩协同作用认识尚不充分,在当前隧道式锚碇设计中仍保守地忽略锚碇和岩体间的挤压效应。为弄清锚碇?岩体协同承载的机制,揭示隧道锚承载能力提高的本质,通过分析隧道式锚碇建设至成桥全过程受力,建立隧道锚的简化力学模型,并引用Mindlin应力解分析了荷载沿锚碇轴向的传递规律以及荷载产生的作用于锚碇?岩体间的挤压应力分布,最终给出了隧道式锚碇极限承载力的简化估算方法,并通过伍家岗大桥隧道锚工程实例分析了结果的合理性。所得结论主要有：锚碇?岩体界面力主要由锚碇自重和锚碇?岩体相互挤压产生;锚碇?岩体界面附加应力自后锚面向前锚面呈先增后减的变化趋势,在距后锚面约1/3L处达到应力峰值;以容许抗剪强度为破坏判据解得的伍家岗长江大桥隧道式锚碇的极限承载力为3 504 MN,约为16倍的设计荷载,与室内试验值基本吻合。     

Coalbed Methane Enrichment Regularity and Major Control Factors in the Xishanyao Formation in the Western Part of the Southern Junggar Basin

There are abundant coal and coalbed methane(CBM)resources in the Xishanyao Formation in the western region of the southern Junggar Basin,and the prospects for CBM exploration and development are promising.To promote the exploration and development of the CBM resources of the Xishanyao Formation in this area,we studied previous coalfield survey data and CBM geological exploration data.Then,we analyzed the relationships between the gas content and methane concentration vs.coal seam thickness,burial depth,coal reservoir physical characteristics,hydrogeological conditions,and roof and floor lithology.In addition,we briefly discuss the main factors influencing CBM accumulation.First,we found that the coal strata of the Xishanyao Formation in the study area are relatively simple in structure,and the coal seam has a large thickness and burial depth,as well as moderately good roof and floor conditions.The hydrogeological conditions and coal reservoir physical characteristics are also conducive to the enrichment and a high yield of CBM.We believe that the preservation of CBM resources in the study area is mainly controlled by the structure,burial depth,and hydrogeological conditions.Furthermore,on the basis of the above results,the coal seam of the Xishanyao Formation in the synclinal shaft and buried at depths of 700-1000 m should be the first considered for development.     

Relationship Between Electrical Properties and Sedimentary Environment of the Longmaxi Formation Shale, Southern Sichuan

The Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the south of Sichuan is a key player in the exploration and development of shale gas in China. Due to a highly complex topographic area, electromagnetic methods (EM) become important exploration means in this area. Many studies have been conducted on the shale mineral composition and electrical properties of shale, however, the correlation between sedimentary environments and the electrical properties of shale remain poorly understood. The electrical properties and sedimentary environment of the organic-rich shale of the Longmaxi Formation have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, organic geochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and complex resistivity measurements. The discovered high quartz content of the Longmaxi Formation shale results in low resistivity. Deep-water shelf biogenic quartz contributes lower resistivity more than that of shallow-water terrigenous quartz. The deep-water anoxic and organic sedimentary environment led to major enrichment of pyrite, leading to a high polarization effect in shale. We present the correlation between the lithofacies types and electrical properties of Longmaxi Formation. The mixed siliceous shale lithofacies is the most favorable among the three lithofacies, which is characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) content, high brittleness mineral content, high polarization and low resistivity (“three high and one low”). This feature is an effective identification of shale gas reservoirs by electromagnetic prospecting. Our study can provide constraints on electrical parameters of rocks for electromagnetic “sweet spot” exploration of shale gas, and so this has important geological significance to shale gas exploration and development.     

土壤含盐量反演的研究

运用Hyperion数据,以黑龙江省大庆市某一实验区为例,开展对土壤含盐量定量提取的研究,通过对图像预处理、特征提取、建立BP神经网络模型（Back Propagation Network）等研究工作,探讨反演土壤含盐量的方法。研究结果表明：神经网络模型具有极强的线性和非线性拟合能力,模拟遥感影像特征与土壤盐分之间比较复杂的关系上有很大优势。研究结果不但为利用Hyperion数据反演土壤含盐量提供理论依据,而且还为其它地表参数的反演提供参考。     

多级应急响应地理信息服务平台的应用技术

提出一个支持多级分布、服务级联的信息服务综合架构和集成机制,并应用于应急响应地理信息服务平台的设计,探讨了应急响应地理数据虚拟化、分布式异构环境下应急响应地理信息数据/功能服务技术、多级应急地理信息目录服务构建技术等,为构建有效的多级应急响应地理信息服务平台提供技术支撑。     

城市专题地图指标内容的分析和处理

专题地图指标内容的选择是专题地图设计和制作的前提。本文从分析城市专题统计数据的内容、特点出发,综合考虑专题地图表达的可行性和多样性,形成了一套完整的城市专题地图指标内容分析和处理方法。提出并使用了＂指标——空间——时间＂模型来描述专题地图指标内容,该方法的确立是选定专题地图主题和确立专题内容结构的基础。     

发现学习在《GPS定位技术》教学中的应用研究

论述了发现式学习与教学的概念,提出了采用发现学习的方法进行《GPS定位技术》教学的可行性,分析了基于发现学习的教学设计和具体内容,指出了发现学习存在的不足。     

导航星座抗毁路由方法与技术研究

基于分群管理、群首备份、链路冗余、链路修补的二代导航卫星网络组网结构,提出并设计了一种基于GEO星层、MEO星层、地面节点联合组网的抗毁路由算法（DRRA）。基于二代导航动态卫星网络中卫星移动的动态卫星网络中,提出的DRRA算法在定位信号稳定、数据包路由抗毁、数据包路由最短延时等方面具有优势,并分析了其主要原因。