TGQ-30型轻便取样钻机及其在低山丘陵地区的应用

介绍了TGQ-30型取样钻机的结构设计、主要技术参数和特点;详细探讨了与该钻机配套的钻具及取样器;总结了该设备在我国南方低山丘陵地区应用取得的经验成果,提出使用过程中的注意事项。为该地区工作的进一步开展提供有益借鉴。     

钾盐泥浆体系在吉林壳牌油页岩勘探中的应用

我公司首次由地质岩芯钻探进入石油钻探领域,在敦化1、2井的失败中吸取经验教训,研制出了钾盐-聚合物钻井液,并在吉林伊通、农安2个矿区约2375 m的钻探施工中,孔壁稳定,孔内无事故,钻进效率显著提高的情况下,岩芯采取率均达98％以上。我公司在吉林壳牌公司油页岩勘探中主要存在泥岩、砂岩、页岩、粘土岩这四种类型的地层,且层位厚薄不均,各岩层互换频繁（0~1000 m换层58次之多）,均为较软的、水敏性强的地层,要想顺利钻进,泥浆的性能是成败的关键。     

不同覆盖物抑制铀尾矿氡析出的效果

对5种不同覆盖物（红土、砂、废石、砂与红土混合物、废石与红土混合物）降低铀尾矿氡析出的效果进行了现场实验研究。结果表明,不同覆盖物的效果存在较大差异,在相同覆盖厚度条件下,氡析出率降低系数是红土〉红土与废石混合物〉红土与砂混合物〉废石〉砂。表面氡析出率随覆盖物厚度增大而减小,氡析出率降低系数的对数与覆盖厚度成正比,所得到的各种覆盖物的拟合线性方程可用来评价覆盖效果。建立了各种覆盖物覆盖厚度估算的经验公式。综合考虑降氡效果、经济成本、生态环境效应,废石与红土混合物是该地区铀尾矿库最佳覆盖物。     

河南泌阳凹陷新生代天文地层研究

为油气成烃成藏定量研究,特别为油田剥蚀量的计算,需要建立新生代天文地层年代表。该表的数据是立足于天文学"米氏旋回假说"中地球轨道三要素的周期性和准周期性变化,求出各组(段或亚段)地质年龄。计算方法是选定泌阳凹陷11口井从大仓房组至凤凰镇组的地层分层、测井曲线数据等作频谱分析,寻找响应0.405Myr周期中的最大优势旋回和提出的三个‘基准面'的绝对年龄值。研究和计算的最后成果年龄为:1)大仓房组‘红层'顶/核三4亚段底是以邻近渤海湾盆地东营凹陷沙四下亚段‘红层'顶42.671Ma作为年龄对比和标定,向上计算出核三3亚段底为40.951Ma、核三3～1亚段顶为36.490Ma,核二段的顶为34.845Ma;2)廖庄组底/核一段之间是以邻近渤海湾盆地东营凹陷东营组底32Ma计算的数据作对比和标定,向下计算出核一段底的年龄为34.468Ma,核二段/核一段之间可能为一个大约时长为0.4Myr的小剥蚀面;向上计算廖庄组现有顶平均年龄为26.811Ma,即泌阳凹陷廖庄组全沉积的顶在中新世23.03Ma,地质构造上升和沉积回剥时间平均为3.781Myr;3)平原组底界的年龄标定为目前"国际地层表"(2004)中年龄为2.588Ma,向下计算出凤凰镇组底界平均年龄为4.155Ma。     

四川盆地基底断裂对长兴组生物礁的控制作用研究

四川盆地长兴组生物礁油气藏是国内外该类型油气藏的一个典型代表。在前人主要针对川东北地区提出台地边缘是生物礁发育有利部位的基础上,从盆地更广的尺度,结合国内外已有实例,着重从基底断裂角度,分析了其对生物礁发育的影响与控制作用。结果表明,盆地内长兴组发育有大量NE和NW向深大断裂,地层、岩相和构造证据均反映这些断裂在晚二叠世处于正断活动期,并形成了台—槽相间和台内棋盘格状堑垒构造格局。基底正断活动通过对古地理的影响来实现对生物礁的控制,生物礁受张性正断层上升盘"断隆"控制,分布于基底断裂古上升盘断阶处,如环海槽的台地边缘和台地内部断垒周缘。因此,除已获得重大突破的"环海槽礁滩气藏富气带"外,在台地内部靠基底断裂带附近,礁滩也可能发育,可作为今后油气勘探重点考虑的对象。这一研究新认识有助于拓展区域油气勘探思路,并为生物礁型油气成藏理论研究提供新的参考信息。     

阜康古牧地活动断裂变形特征研究

对大红沟沟口处河流Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级阶地断裂变形特征研究表明,古牧地断裂活动为古近系泥岩逆冲于第四系之上。断裂破碎带形变主要被两种形式吸收:一是晚第四纪地层拱曲变形作用,二是断裂断错作用。该时期断裂带平均垂直变形速率约为0.26～0.30 mm/a,断裂带内断面发育,既有低角度逆冲断层,也有高角度正断层,组成宽度超过65 m的形变带,破裂带内泥岩揉皱变形明显,最大一次逆冲断错距离为0.4 m,计算震级为M 6.5～6.8。     

青海祁漫塔格地区航磁异常特征及找矿前景

利用青海祁漫塔格地区1：5万高精度航磁资料,结合成矿地质背景、构造特征分析了该区航磁异常特征,并依据知矿（床）点的分布及成矿规律对祁漫塔格地区成矿带进行了划分,筛选了一批重点找矿异常,建立了以航磁异常信息为主的综合找矿标志,进而圈定了多个多金属找矿远景区段。对该区下一步矿产勘查部署提供重要依据,并为地面找矿工作提供重要的找矿线索。     

川南观音场-瓦市地区须家河组六段储层特征及其控制因素

通过对4条野外剖面、40口并岩心样品及84张薄片的观察和测井等资料的分析,对川南观音场一瓦市地区须六段的岩石学特征、孔隙类型、孔隙结构及孔渗特征等进行了深入研究。结果表明：川南地区须六段岩性主要为中-细粒长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩,孔隙度在6％～10％之间,平均孔隙度为7．3％。渗透率为0．03×10^-3μm^2～0．9×1010^-3μm^2平均渗透率为0．177×1010^-3μm^2储层属于典型的低孔低渗储层,储集空间主要为粒间孔和粒内溶孔。在平面上,储层物性受沉积相带的控制;在垂向上,随深度的增加,压实作用和胶结作用使物性急剧变差。绿泥石的环边胶结作用、长石的溶蚀作用对储层物性起建设性作用,构造作用极大地改善了储层的物性。     

Determining the active region model parameter from dye staining experiments for characterizing the preferential flow heterogeneity in unsaturated soils

The active region model (ARM) has been developed as a practical and effective approach for characterizing and representing preferential flow patterns in unsaturated soils. However, studies on methods to determine the ARM parameter (γ) are very limited. The major objective of this work was to refine the methods for determining the ARM parameter (γ) using the data from field-scale dye staining experiments. For this purpose, 13 field-scale dye staining experiments were conducted in silty clay, loam and sand with various initial and boundary conditions. The distributions of soil water content and fraction of stained region were measured to determine the ARM parameter (γ). Three determination methods of ARM parameter (γ) were presented according to the different distribution patterns of the soil water content of stained region. The efficiency of these approaches was demonstrated with the results from 13 field-scale dye staining tests that were directly related to preferential flow patterns. Impacts of soil texture on soil water redistribution, and effects of initial soil water content and infiltration amount on the preferential flow heterogeneity were also discussed in this research.     

Comparative studies of glacier mass balance and their climatic implications in Svalbard, Northern Scandinavia, and Southern Norway

On the basis of the data of glacier mass balance during 1946?C2005 over Svalbard, Northern Scandinavia, and Southern Norway, the characteristics of glacier mass-balance are analyzed, and its sensitivity to climate change is calculated using a simple degree-day model. The mass balance of glaciers in these three regions reached maximum or comparatively high values in the late 1980s or the early 1990s. After that there was an accelerating negative tendency. A glacier with more positive mass balance has a higher sensitivity to equilibrium-line altitude (or climate) change and vice versa. On average, the mass loss during the entire period in these three regions was equivalent to the result of an air temperature rise of 0.32°C relative to zero net balance state. The highest temperature increase is found in Svalbard, and is 0.55°C; however, a rise of only 0.12°C is found in Southern Norway. The net balance sensitivity to a hypothetical air temperature increase of +1°C ranges from ?0.31 to ?1.03?m?w.e.?a^?1, and the net balance sensitivity to an assumed increase in snow precipitation of +10% varies from +0.05 to +0.37?m?w.e.?a^?1; thus, a 31% increase in snow precipitation is needed to compensate for the net mass loss induced by an air temperature increase of +1°C. The summer balance sensitivity to a hypothetical air temperature increase of +1°C varies from ?0.39 to ?0.95?m?w.e.?a^?1, and the winter balance sensitivity to an assumed increase in snow precipitation of +10% ranges from +0.02 to +0.38?m?w.e.?a^?1. This study confirms early findings that maritime glaciers have comparatively higher mass balance sensitivity than continental glaciers.