Rare-earth and trace element imprints on the origin and tectonic setting of gabbro-diorite complex in the Pan-African belt of Southeast Obudu Plateau,Nigeria

A gabbro-diorite plutonic complex from the Southeast Obudu Plateau, representing limited volumes of magma, was studied for its trace and rare-earth element characteristics, in an attempt to document its genetic and geodynamic history. Geochemical studies indicate that the gabbro samples are characterized by variable concentrations and low averages of such index elements as Cr (40×10-6–200×10-6; av. 80×10-6), Ni (40×10-6–170×10-6; 53.33×10-6) and Zr (110×10-6–240×10-6; 116.67×10-6); variable and high average...     

鸡东金场沟铜钼、金矿化区控矿条件与找矿方向

经对黑龙江鸡东金场沟矿区地层条件、构造条件和次火山侵入岩条件的分析, 指出环形构造控制着与成矿有关的次火山侵入岩和角砾岩筒的分布, 角砾岩筒构造控制着铜钼矿体的产出。区内银金矿的形成与石英闪长岩有关, 而铜钼矿的成矿作用与花岗斑岩有关。在控矿条件分析的基础上建立了本区的铜钼多金属成矿模式, 指出了找矿方向。     

俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山区2001年12月13日气旋风暴分析

2001年12月13—14日,一个强劲的气旋风暴影响了西北太平洋地区,在俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山区产生了强地形降水。这个风暴是“改进微物理参数的观测验证试验（Improvement of Microphysical Parameterization through Observational Verification Experiment,IMPROVE）”第二阶段外场研究的气旋风暴之一。在风暴移过俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山区期间,获得了大量的实测和遥感探测数据,形成了由气象状态参数（温、压、湿、风向风速和垂直气流速度）、极化多普勒雷达探测数据和云微物理参数（云液态水、粒子浓度、粒子谱及图像）组成的完整数据库。12月13—14日的过程具有对流层底层前倾锋演变的特点,锋面向前上方伸展到了强烈发展的高空冷锋雨带中,云发展到了8～9km的高度。与以前华盛顿喀斯喀特山区分析的风暴重要差别是,这个风暴在俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山上空的锋前低层气流是与弱东风气流相反的强西风爬山气流。结果当高空冷锋雨带过境时,在高空产生了大量冰晶的同时在低层地形抬升地区又产生了丰富的液态水。机载实测、地基微波辐射计观测以及雪晶观测证实,同时存在高冰晶浓度和高空相对大的云水含量,地面冰晶凇附也严重。分析表明,锋面和地形的相互促进作用使降水得到了增强。     

延边金谷山地区早二叠世"柯岛岩组"火山喷发-沉积构造划分及构造环境

延边金谷山地区二叠纪"柯岛岩组"为一套低绿片岩相变质岩系,其原岩为一套酸性-中酸性火山碎屑沉积岩系.通过剖面详细测量和岩石学研究,建立了该地区"柯岛岩组"层序,划分了6个火山喷发-沉积旋回,并依据各旋回序列岩相组合特征,恢复了该地区在陆表海裂陷(槽)构造条件水下火山喷发-沉积作用及演化环境.     

三水盆地古近系湖相沉积岩的氧、碳同位素地球化学记录及其环境意义

三水盆地古近系莘庄组顶部至土布心组红岗段的全岩碳酸盐稳定同位素分析结果表明其形成期间经历了多次环境变迁。根据碳酸盐氧、碳同位素比值及其相互关系的变化,可识别三次海水入侵期。其时δ18O值大幅度向正值漂移。而由于受有机质降解的影响,相应时期的δ13 C均表现为低值。在不直接受海洋影响的湖相沉积阶段,δ18O与δ13 C的相关程度虽然未达到典型的封闭型湖泊水平,但仍呈现一定的正相关变化 (r =0.6 5 ),表明其湖水滞留时间较长。而频繁出现的石膏薄层沉积也指示湖盆的封闭性较好。这些均表明这一时期的三水盆地可能是一周期性封闭型湖泊。其稳定同位素组成主要受制于蒸发量/降雨量平衡的变化。而δ13 C比值往往还受有机质活动的控制,更多的是反映有机质生产力、埋藏与降解率。     

基于B/S跨平台网上地理数据维护引擎的开发

本文以网上地理数据维护为主线,分析了目前WebGIS应用的优缺点,阐述了基于B/S结构的跨平台网上地理数据维护系统的开发思路和具体应用模式。     

Triassic Epithermal Au and Porphyry Related Cu-Mo Mineralization of the Chatree Deposit, Central Thailand

Please refer to the attachment(s) for more details     

Remote sensing and GIS application in the detection of environmental degradation indicators

The main aim of this research is to highlight the environment change indicators during the last 20 years in a representa-tive area of the southern part of Iraq(Basrah Province was taken as a case) to understand the main causes which led to widespread environment degradation phenomena using a 1:250000 mapping scale.Remote sensing and GIS’s software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM+ in 2003 imagery into five land use and land cover(LULC) classes:vegetation land,sand land,urban area,unused land,and water bodies.Supervised classification and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),Normalized Difference Build-up Index(NDBI),Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI),Normalized Difference Salinity In-dex(NDSI),and Topsoil Grain Size Index(GSI) were adopted in this research and used respectively to retrieve its class boundary.The results showed a clear deterioration in vegetative cover(514.9 km2) and an increase of sand dune accumulations(438.6 km2),accounting for 10.1,and 10.6 percent,respectively,of the total study area.In addition,a decrease in the water bodies’ area was de-tected(228.9 km2).Sand area accumulations had increased in the total study area,with an annual increasing expansion rate of(33.7 km2·yr·1) during the thirteen years covered by the study.It is therefore imperative that Iraqi government undertake a series of pru-dent actions now that will enable to be in the best possible position when the current environmental crisis ultimately passes.     

Systematic study of effects of pH and ionic strength on attachment of phage PRD1

Objectives of this work are to investigate effects of pH and ionic strength (IS) on virus transport in saturated soil and to develop a quantitative relationship for these effects. A series of 50-cm column experiments with clean quartz sand under saturated conditions and with pH values of 5, 6, 7, 8, and IS values of 1, 10, and 20 mM were conducted. Bacteriophage PRD1 was used as a model virus. Applying a one-site kinetic model, attachment, detachment, and inactivation rate coefficients were determined from fitting breakthrough curves using the software package Hydrus-1D. Attachment rate coefficients increased with decreasing pH and increasing IS, in agreement with DLVO theory. Sticking efficiencies were calculated from the attachment rate coefficients and used to develop an empirical formula for sticking efficiency as a function of pH and IS. This relationship is applicable under unfavorable conditions for virus attachment. We compared sticking efficiencies predicted by the empirical formula with those from field and column experiments. Within the calibrated range of pH and IS, the predicted and observed sticking efficiencies are in reasonable agreement for bacteriophages PRD1 and MS2. However, the formula significantly overestimates sticking efficiencies for IS higher than 100 mM. In addition, it performs less well for viruses with different surface reactivity than PRD1 and MS2. Effects of pH and IS on detachment and inactivation rate coefficients were also investigated but the experimental results do not allow constraining these parameters with sufficient certainty.     

A Bayesian network for analyzing biological acute and long-term impacts of an oil spill in the Gulf of Finland

Knowledge of oil-induced impacts from the literature and experts were used to develop a Bayesian network to evaluate the biological consequences of an oil accident in the low-saline Gulf of Finland (GOF). Analysis was carried out for selected groups of organisms. Subnetworks were divided into subgroups according to a predicted response to oil exposure. Two scenario analyses are presented: the most probable and the worst-case accident.The impact of the most probable accident in the GOF is rather small. In most of the groups studied oil-induced long-term effects are evaluated to be minor at least from the perspective of the whole GOF. After the worst-case accident negative effects are more likely. The model predicts that the most vulnerable groups are auks and ducks. Amphipods, gulls and to a lesser extend littoral fishes and seals may show delayed recovery after an accident. Also annual plant species may be susceptible to oil-induced disturbances.