Cu-Ni矿床中作为成矿标志的矿物组合

矿源和成矿次序可以通过分析矿床的组构、矿物和化学成分进行研究。在前苏联和芬兰,对前寒武到中生代的Cu-Ni矿床中的硫化物及硫化物-硅酸盐矿物组合都进行过研究。这些矿物组合代表岩浆结晶作用、岩浆期后流体中沉积作用、岩浆退变中和不同级别区域变质中变质重结晶作用的不同阶段。这一研究强调了贵金属矿物作为成矿过程标志的作用。矿源主要在地幔,这些元素在地壳中重新分布,并且在有些情况下,地幔产生的岩     

受应力岩石中由物理—化学反馈引起的分异构造

本文回顾了一些我们描述变形岩石与其所含流体之间相互反应的数学模型,特别是,我们主张用自组织作用概念作为一种理解从成岩作用到变质条件范围岩石中所观察到的图案状构造演化的一种方式。由于矿物自由能依赖于围岩的结构,这些结构由导源于物理力与化学反应迁移的耦合作用所形成的反馈。在不同极限或初始条件中,同一公式抓住了许多行为的本质,把相关的变形构造观察成缝合线、粒间压溶、破壁理、变质层状构造与由结晶生长力所产生的矿化分异作用。这些方程可预测变质分异作用任何趋势的可能性,并显示了化学因素是如何对岩石的变形效应施加了强烈的影响。     

铁和氯是美国爱达荷钴矿带层状 Cu-Co-Au 矿床的指示标志

爱达荷钴矿带的 Cu-Co-Au 矿床产在中元古代耶洛贾克特组(Yellowjacket F.)中,该组以含有独特的化学和矿物成分,包括高浓度 Fe(15—30wt%Fe_2O_3)、Cl(0.1—1.10wt%)和磁铁矿或黑云母(>50vol%)为特征。黑鸟(Black-bird)矿区的 Cu-Co-Au矿床是产在 Fe 硅酸盐相岩层中的层控矿床,该硅酸盐相岩层富含 Fe、黑云母和 Cl。下部岩石地层带含有磁铁矿和小型 Cu-Co-Au 矿床,其延伸大于40km。富铁岩层可能是与镁铁质火山作用和海底热泉有关的喷气岩单位,但对高 Cl 浓度的成因不清楚。认为富 Cl 的孔隙流体是由于存在超盐度液体包体、富 Cl 黑云母和方柱石(Scapolite)(相当富 Fe 黑     

远震体波波形反演获得的震源时间函数

地中海东部大地震成核问题的一个有趣的现象，是它们的震源时间函数的急始特性，使用同一反演方法确定了发生在世界其他一些地区破坏了地表的浅源大地震的震源时间函数都呈现出类似的特性，这些地震的断层滑动类型包括：正断层、走滑断层和冲断层型。这些急始型震源时间函数可能反映了破坏障碍体的困难性，即在破裂成核的动力断裂过程完成后，断层的局部地区仍未破坏，也可能反映了通常发生在大地震破裂期间的某些特殊的物理过程（如蠕变不稳定性）。发生在类似地质构造环境中，且震源机制也类似的地震，反映出共同的模式。     

地球物理学与大陆成长

引言解释星球和原子的內部运动和活动情况的理論比关于地球的类似理論发展得更为完善,更广泛地为人接受,这是令人惊奇的。但如比較一下,地球比較容易接触到,而星球和原子則十分遙远,那么上述的情况应正好相反。这种情况之所以产生,一部分是由于許多星球和原子有強烈的輻射,因而透露出它們的性貭,一部分是由于原子和星球数量很多,因而我們有时可能对它們其中之一所发生的不寻常变化.     

On the move: explaining migration patterns in Estonia during the transition period

This paper attempts to explore the migration patterns during the transition period in Estonia. A structuration approach was used to analyze data from the Estonian Statistical Office collected in 1997. Findings show that for migration between urban and rural areas, work-related reasons have been the most important motivating factor in urban growth during the transition period. Also considered are the family and education. In relation to sociodemographic structure of the population, men cite work, while women count family-related reasons, as the main motive for migrating. As to nonregistration, the most significant reason relates to issues of ownership. Because migrants are living in rented housing, it is not possible for them to register even if they desire to do so. Other reasons include "temporary", associated with study and work; "juridical", bureaucratic matters; and "multiple places of residence". This analysis, however, is incomplete because the attitudes and patterns of behavior have only partially or perfunctorily been related to the dramatic changes that have occurred in Estonian society. Proper statistical data are needed to help examine trends at a more disaggregated spatial level.     

Integrating GB and US census microdata for studying the impact of family migration on partnered women's labour market status

This paper investigates the problems in integrating different data sets for social science research. A cross-national analysis of the effects of family migration on labor market participation rates for female partners was used as an example to concretize these problems. The data used in the cross national analysis came from the 1991 British Census Sample of Anonymised Records and the 1990 United States Public Use Microdata Sample. The problems addressed were the following: data collection; manipulation and reliability; question type and definition; and measurement of individual and family variables. As part of the analysis, some empirical findings were also presented. Significant overall differences between the US and Great Britain (GB) samples were observed, particularly concerning graduate qualifications, marital and employment status, and ethnic group. There were higher numbers of married partners and full-time workers in the US sample, while female partners undertaking part-time employment were greater in GB. Furthermore, the US sample had more couples with a female graduate as compared with the GB sample who had a higher proportion of nongraduate couples. Finally, this paper recognized the importance of cross- national research in the evaluation of national ideological and institutional structures.     

电子计算机在储量计算中的应用

在电子计算机上按常规的方法计算储量,比手工操作的效率要高得多.除此以外,由于采用了电子计算机,还形成了一种新的"矿量动态平衡法(mineralization inventory)",这是手工操作所难于做到的.如果使用得当,"矿量动态平衡法"不但能准确地完成常规方法的全部工作,而且还可以同时算出矿山生产成本和作出全面的资源评价.我们知道,适当的矿石工业品位指标只有在估算了生产成本之后才能选定,     

Gonadal histology and serum vitellogenin levels of bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus from the Northern Pacific Ocean--absence of endocrine disruption bio-indicators

Endocrine disrupting chemicals such as organochlorines have been detected in a large number of marine fish. Histological observation of the gonads, measurement of serum vitellogenin (VTG) level and of liver polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) content were performed to evaluate the reproductive health and the contamination with endocrine disruptors in bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus, collected in the northern Pacific Ocean in 1999 and 2000. Abnormalities commonly found in species affected by endocrine disruptors such as the presence of oocytes in the testis or elevated serum VTG levels were not found in any of males examined. Both males and females had only small amounts of liver PCB content. The results suggest that currently there is little if any risk of organochlorine contamination or endocrine disruption of gonadal function in bigeye tuna from the northern Pacific Ocean. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate the health status of the open sea fishery resources.