Angling management organizations: integrating the recreational sector into fishery management

This paper examines ways to reduce conflicts and improve the sustainability and value of marine recreational fisheries by fully integrating the recreational sector into the management of fisheries. One possibility involves a novel approach, here called angling management organizations (AMOs), which combines three of the more pervasive and promising trends in fishery management worldwide—management devolution, strengthened harvest rights, and co-management. AMOs are community-based organizations that are designed to conform to seven basic principles of integrated fishery management, which are described below. AMOs are loosely related to rights-based producer organizations in commercial fisheries, and are expected to strengthen resource stewardship, reduce enforcement and monitoring costs, alleviate management conflicts, and produce greater long-term net economic benefits in recreational fisheries. The other organizational structures considered here, including the management status quo, do not conform to all seven principles and are not expected to be as effective as AMOs.     

Depositional history of peatland pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) in NW Enontekiö, Finnish Lapland: implications for Middle Holocene drought and temperature fluctuations

High altitude and latitude findings of subfossil peatland pine trees were unearthed from the region of NW Finnish Lapland and dated by ¹⁴C and tree-ring methods. The depositional history of the trees illustrated two distinct peatland pine phases dated to Middle Holocene intervals 4900–4400 and 4100–3400 cal. a BC. It seems evident that both thermal and hydroclimatic fluctuations have played roles of varying importance in the establishment of this pine population and its demise. The presence of these pines, from a site ~60 km north of the coniferous timberline and conditions ~1 °C and 100 degree-days colder than those at the present-day timberline, concurs with previous studies demonstrating the association between the high-latitude summer-temperature cooling and circumpolar timberline retreat since the Middle Holocene due to Milankovitch forcing. On the other hand, the peatland pine recruitment was made possible by drier than present surface conditions during the previously reconstructed Middle Holocene drought anomaly (Hyvärinen-Alhonen event). Our data suggest this event was not continuous but reached its two-phase climax during the peatland pine phases, with an interruption of several centuries with moister surface conditions between 4400 and 4100 cal. a BC. The findings highlight the sensitivity of well-dated peatland tree assemblages in terms of recording past climatic evolution and events and the need for new collections from north and south Fennoscandia and the Baltic region, for more detailed analyses over extended time intervals and regions.     

Identification of Mineralization in Geochemistry for Grid Sampling Using Generalized Additive Models

Mathematical Geosciences - The important goals of mineral exploration geochemistry are detection and identification of underlying mineralization. This paper deals with element concentration data...     

Natural and man-made influences on suicides in northwestern Russia

Our main aim was to identify the impacts of natural (solar activity, geomagnetic disturbances) and man-made factors on suicides in northwestern Russia. Data on a total of 908 suicides in the town of Kirovsk (Murmansk oblast) were analyzed for the period from 1948 to 2010. The rates of suicides were analyzed with respect to seasons of the year. We have identified three maxima in the seasonal distribution of the number of suicides [March–May (P < 0.001), July (P = 0.006), October (P < 0.001)], which coincide with maxima in the distribution of the most intense (Ap > 150 nT) magnetic storms. Multi-taper method-spectrum analysis revealed periodicities (~9–10 and ~25 years) which may be related to the main cycles of solar activity. The periods of ~3.1–3.5 and ~2–2.3 years are probably the third and the fifth harmonics of 11-year solar cycle, respectively. These periods are correlating with similar periodic variations in geomagnetic aa-indexes and meteorological parameters. It was determined the statistically significant (r = 0.8; P = 0.005) relationship between suicide and Cu emissions from Cu–Ni smelters of Russian North for the period 1997–2009.