寿光县对虾养殖环境中微生物数量分布的试验报告

本文主要介绍了1988年寿光县对虾养殖期间(5～9月)水环境和底泥环境中微生物种群的变化。据不同的地理位置,选择不同的养殖虾池;分别将水样和底泥环境中的弧菌、异养菌,及硫酸盐还原菌进行培养、分离计数。据对虾养殖期5个月的数据分析,不同的养殖虾池有不同的菌数波动范围。底泥与水环境中的菌数分布各有不同。异养菌在水样中的分布最高值为736×10~2个/ml,最低值为268.1×10~2个/ml;湿泥样中的最高值为372.7×10~4个/g最低值为125.9×10~4个/g。弧菌在水样中的最高值为12.33×10~2个/ml,最低值为0.5×10~4个/ml。据综合资料分析,对虾养殖池中的各种细菌分布,底泥高于水样,高温季节高于低温季节。底泥和水环境中有机物的含量与细菌数的分布成正比。底泥中硫酸盐还原菌的数量,是底泥环境中有机物污染程度的标志之一。根据硫酸盐还原菌的数量分布,可以有效地控制有机质(如对虾饵料)的投放量等。     

Influence of air-sea interaction on SSTA in different spacial scales

-In this paper, the factors for SSTA development in finite sea area of low latitudes are discussed with simpler linearized equations, According to the coupling conditions at the interface of atmosphere and ocean, we studied the horizontal scale relations of air-sea coupled system satisfying the dynamical and thermodynamical requirements, From the fluctuation viewpoint, the relation of horizontal scales and wave numbers are presented for a linear atmosphere-ocean coupled system with the same time scales. At last part of the paper, the state of fluctuations is examined for different sea scales under certain given atmospheric scale with a simpler two-layer coupled model, and some significant results obtained.     

皱纹盘鲍三倍体生长的初步研究

将用低温休克法和细胞松弛素B诱导法,获得的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)三倍体诱导群与二倍体的个体,在室内同样条件下饲育,对其生长情况进行了比较,结果表明:(1)三倍体与二倍体的当年稚鲍在壳长和体重的增长上无明显差异。(2)三倍体与二倍体的2龄鲍,在第二年前期生长无明显差异,但从第二年后期开始,三倍体的壳长、体重增长逐渐优于二倍体。(3)统计学分析表明,三倍体与二倍体的3龄鲍在体重、软体部和足肌的增长方面,存在着明显差异。(4)在室内饲育19个月的鲍,三倍体诱导群的壳长比二倍体大10.2％,体重比二倍体大20.1％,足肌湿重比二倍体大17.6％。     

The Effect of Internal Fluid on the Response of Vortex-Induced Vibration of Marine Risers

Based on Iwan‘s wake oseillator model developed with the classical van der Pol equalion, the differential equation for the response of the vortex-induced vihration (VIV) of the riser considering the effect of the internal flowing fluid and the external marine environmental condition is derived. The effect of the intermal flowing fluid on the response of VIV of the riser is studied by means of the Finite Element Method. The results show that the effect of the internal fluid velocity on the VIV of the riser is strong when the natural frequency of the riser is close to the vortex shedding frequency. In addition, the increase of the top tension can decrease the sensitivity of the riser to the internal fluid velocity.     

Wave reflection from partially perforated-wall caisson breakwater

In 1995, Suh and Park developed a numerical model that computes the reflection of regular waves from a fully perforated-wall caisson breakwater. This paper describes how to apply this model to a partially perforated-wall caisson and irregular waves. To examine the performance of the model, existing experimental data are used for regular waves, while a laboratory experiment is conducted in this study for irregular waves. The numerical model based on a linear wave theory tends to over-predict the reflection coefficient of regular waves as the wave nonlinearity increases, but such an over-prediction is not observed in the case of irregular waves. For both regular and irregular waves, the numerical model slightly over- and under-predicts the reflection coefficients at larger and smaller values, respectively, because the model neglects the evanescent waves near the breakwater.     

赤道西太平洋大气边界层的诊断分析

利用１９９３年ＥＮＳＯ事件爆发（４月）前酝酿时期“热带大洋与全球大气－海洋耦合响应试验”强化观测阶段“向阳红五号”科学考察船１５５°Ｅ，２°Ｓ定点海洋气象和高空大气探测资料，分析了赤道西太平洋大气边界层特征。结果表明：赤道西太平洋上空辐合对流区边界层内也有等温或逆温层存在，大气边界层物理参数变化与大尺度海－气变异有密切关系，赤道太平洋沃克环流加强、东移，边界层上部逆温层出现概率明显增大，边界层内高湿层湿度减小。另外，边界层内实测风速、风向廓线随高度的变化基本上不服从Ｅｋｍａｎ规律，但由其平均，分量合成得到的平均风随高度的变化却基本符合Ｅｋｍａｎ规律。     

莱州湾东部滨海水域砂金分布特征

通过对莱州湾东部滨海水域地球物理和地质钻综合调查，业已查明该海区地质的构造和古地理环境特征，并发现区内砂金分布较普遍，本文从砂金分布的地貌单元，沉积物类型，砂金成因类型，物质来源，古气候，构造作用，砂金成因等诸方面，研究了该海域内砂金特征。     

胶州湾中国对虾资源的生态特征

胶州湾是我囻黄海南部对虾的重要产卵场之一,每年4月中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)亲体陆续进人胶州湾,进行产卵活动。繁殖的幼对虾生长迅速,至8月下旬虾群平均体长可达13cm左右,成为秋汛渔业的重要捕捞对象。近年由于捕捞力量加强等诸多因素,湾内对虾的年渔获量由70年代的2-5t,减至80年代的1-2t。虽然1984年以来有关部门实施对虾增殖放流,对虾资源量有所回升,但是因春季洄游的亲体(雌虾)数量锐减,7-8月间又使用各种网具违捕幼虾,因而极大地损害了幼虾资源。刘瑞玉等(1992)曾调查研究了胶州湾对虾生物资源。本文根据作者1991年以来5月和8月的对虾拖网调査资料,对胶州湾对虾资源的生态分布及其变动原因进行了分析研究,对加强管理和保护幼虾资源,以及提高对虾产量有极其重要的意义。     

Design of Mooring System for Oil Storage Vessels

The floating oil storage system has been proposed as a new facility for Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) in China. Mooring is one of the key technologies to ensure the safety, reliability, and performance of the oil storage system. This paper describes the concept, analysis, design and reliability of the mooring system. For mooring system design of these oil vessels, analysis is essential of the behavior of the vessel in connection with mooring facilities of nonlinear resilience. A nonlinear mathematical model for analyzing a moored vessel is established and solved. Some results of numerical simulations are presented. Assessment of the safety regarding the mooring system in terms of failure probability is carried out. Another simulation model for calculating the failure probability of the mooring system is proposed. The design parameters that have an influence on the characteristics of the failure probability have been identified. The simulation results show that the mooring system has an annual reliab     

Second-Order Wave Diffraction Around 3-D Bodies by A Time-Domain Method

A time-domain method is applied to simulate nonlinear wave diffraction around a surface piercing 3-D arbitrary body. The method involves the application of Taylor series expansions and the use of perturbation procedure to establish the corresponding boundary value problems with respect to a time-independent fluid domain. A boundary element method based on B-spline expansion is used to calculate the wave field at each time step, and the free surface boundary condition is satisfied to the second order of wave steepness by a numerical integration in time. An artificial damping layer is adopted on the free surface for the removal of wave reflection from the outer boundary. As an illustration, the method is used to compute the second-order wave forces and run-up on a surface-piercing circular cylinder. The present method is found to be accurate, computationally efficient, and numerically stable.