基于建筑性能的非结构构件抗震设计研究

针对非结构构件在地震中破坏的现象、震害情况,分析破坏原因,给出了非结构构件的抗震设防目标。基于建筑物性能的基本思想,给出了非结构构件的性能设计要求;讨论了非结构构件和附属设备的抗震设计计算原则。对建筑的非结构构件提出了相应的抗震设防技术措施,以提高其抗震能力。     

江苏省耕地细碎化评价与土地整治分区研究

在明确耕地细碎化内涵空间尺度特征的基础上,从资源规模性、空间集聚性和生产便利性3方面构建耕地细碎化空间测度体系,以江苏省为例,综合运用地理空间分析、数理统计分析等方法,开展了省域尺度耕地细碎化多维评价及相应的土地整治协同探讨。研究表明：① 江苏省资源规模属性值总体偏低,呈现苏北-苏中-苏南逐级递减的分异格局;空间集聚属性值总体较高,但区域差异明显,高值区主要集中在徐淮平原及里下河平原地区;利用便利属性值总体呈现与资源规模及集聚状况相反的格局特征,苏南明显高于苏中和苏北地区,两极分化明显,地域差异较大;② 在乡镇尺度对各分维属性进行耦合形成江苏省耕地细碎化指数,省域尺度下该指数呈现从北到南逐渐增加的格局特征,表现为北部的低值聚集区和西南部的高值聚集区;③ 基于区域耕地细碎化不同属性特征的层次组合特点,全省可划分为利用提升区、集约归并区、设施改造区、规模流转区、资源优配区和综合整治区6种类型分区,据此提出不同分区土地整治的主要整治方向及关键问题。     

基于G-TOPSIS模型的贫困农户多目标发展评价——以云南福贡县为例

建立贫困农户多目标发展评价体系,实现不同发展目标下的相对贫困的精准识别与动态监测,成为新阶段扶贫开发的迫切需求。论文面向精准扶贫、乡村振兴和可持续发展战略,基于贫困农户的短期、中期和长期目标,构建基于G-TOPSIS综合评价方法的贫困农户多目标发展评价模型,结合障碍度模型揭示不同发展目标下贫困农户的发展水平、发展差距及其致贫因素,并基于地理探测器对不同发展水平农户减贫的影响因素进行探测。以云南省福贡县为例的研究区实证结果表明:① 研究区目前仍存在大量未脱贫农户,脱贫攻坚的压力依然较大,全面脱贫是福贡县当前最紧迫的发展目标;已脱贫人口距全国和全省农村居民平均发展水平还有较大差距,仍处于相对贫困状态,具有较高的贫困脆弱性,防止返贫、缓解相对贫困的任务艰巨。② 短期目标下,主要致贫因素为劳动力受教育年限、卫生厕所、安全住房、家庭人均纯收入、家庭健康状况;中长期目标下,与全国和本省相比,家庭人均纯收入、劳动力受教育年限、安全住房为主要发展短板。③ 不同发展水平贫困农户空间分布特征存在较大差异,贫困空间分异受基础设施、地形条件、经济区位、自然资源、交通区位等因素的综合影响,农户发展水平越低,空间异质性越强,受地理环境的影响越大。研究结果可为减贫与发展战略的实施与监测提供决策依据与可靠的技术决策支持。     

深海大型底栖生物多样性研究进展及中国现状

综述了国内外深海大型底栖生物多样性、生态学领域的研究进展情况,重点论述了中国在深海热液、冷泉、海山、深渊及鲸尸等特殊环境的考察、研究进展情况,并对中国将来的研究趋势和发展方向做了梳理和展望。     

西太平洋海山年龄及地球化学:地幔过程及岩石成因

Research on seamounts provides some of the best constraints for understanding intraplate volcanism, and samples from seamounts reveal crucial evidence about the geochemical makeup of the oceanic mantle. There are still many seamounts in the West Pacific Seamount Province(WPSP) that have not been studied, meaning their ages and geochemistry remain unknown. A better understanding of these seamount trails and their evolutionary history, investigated with age and geochemistry data, will enable better understanding of the geological processes operating underneath the Pacific Ocean Plate. Here, new ~(40)Ar/~(39) Ar ages and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data for seven basalt rocks from four seamounts in the WPSP are provided. Chemically, these rocks are all Oceanic Island Alkali basalt(OIA type); analysis of olivine phenocrysts shows that the magmas experienced strong olivine fractionation and changed from olivine + plagioclase to olivine + plagioclase + clinopyroxene cotectic during their evolution. Rare earth element(REE) patterns and a spider diagram of the samples in this study show OIB(Ocean Island Basalt) like behavior. The range of ~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr values is from 0.704 60 to 0.706 24, the range of ~(206)Pb/~(204) Pb values is from 18.241 to 18.599, and the range of ~(143)Nd/~(144) Nd values is from 0.512 646 to 0.512 826; together, these values indicate magma sources ranging from EMI to EMII. Finally, new ~(40)Ar/~(39) Ar age data show that these seamounts formed at ～97 and ～106 Ma, indicating that some may have undergone the same formation processes as seamounts in the eastern part of the Magellan Seamount Trail, but other seamounts likely have different origins.     

Analysis of DNA Methylation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis</Emphasis> Under Temperature Stress Using the Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism (MSAP) Technique

Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is an economically important agarophyte, which contains high quality gel and shows a high growth rate. Wild population of G. lemaneiformis displayed resident divergence, though with a low genetic diversity as was revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses. In addition, different strains of G. lemaneiformis are diverse in morphology. The highly inconsistence between genetic background and physiological characteristics recommends strongly to the regulation at epigenetic level. In this study, the DNA methylation change in G. lemaneiformis among different generation branches and under different temperature stresses was assessed using methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) technique. It was shown that DNA methylation level among different generation branches was diverse. The full and total methylated DNA level was the lowest in the second generation branch and the highest in the third generation. The total methylation level was 61.11%, 60.88% and 64.12% at 15°C, 22°C and 26°C, respectively. Compared with the control group (22°C), the fully methylated and totally methylated ratios were increased in both experiment groups (15°C and 26°C). All of the cytosine methylation/demethylation transform (CMDT) was further analyzed. High temperature treatment could induce more CMDT than low temperature treatment did.     

南海北缘东部揭阳凹陷的东沙运动:对油气成藏的影响

东沙运动为新近纪中晚期以来发生于南海北缘的一次构造运动,影响范围主要为东沙隆起及其周缘,对油气的晚期成藏具有重要作用.揭阳凹陷位于东沙隆起东侧,东沙运动的响应明显,且具有一定特殊性.基于区域地质背景和三维地震资料,对东沙运动在揭阳凹陷的响应、起因及油气地质意义进行了论述.东沙运动在揭阳凹陷的响应主要包括走滑断层和地层角...     

五大连池裂谷型富钾火山岩带的岩石学与地球化学

以五大连池火山群为中心的小古里河—科洛—五大连池—二克山近SN向的裂谷型富钾火山岩带,除了科洛火山群的火山活动从晚第三纪持续到第四纪,其它火山主要限于第四纪的喷发活动。按照岩石学和化学成分,晚第三纪和第四纪富钾火山岩分别命名为白榴碧玄岩和白榴玄武岩。富钾火山岩的岩石学、主微量元素和SrNdPb同位素地球化学特征表明,富钾火山岩来自交代的EMI地幔。     

港口波况恶化的观测和分析技术

首先分析了港口波况恶化的可能成因,确定观测和分析目标。根据港内波浪中船行波占相当份量的因素和测量作业不能干扰港务活动的要求,讨论了有关港内波浪观测仪器设备、测站布设、观测方法和质量控制的问题。根据波况恶化分析的要求和非平稳波动过程的特点,研究了波浪频谱和特征值的计算、波浪能量的方向分布、不规则波沿海墙的反射和风浪、涌浪及船行波计算的技术。最后作为实例对某港进行了波况恶化的观测和分析。     

重要天气预报质量评分系统简介

该评分系统采用预报用语和天气实况字符化描述的新思路,重点在预报资料登记和预报资料输入的简化、方便、快捷方面,解决了预防评分资料登记和输入繁琐的问题,实现了自动、连续、一次性完成全部预报质量评分,改善了以往天气预报质量评分的落后状况。