A Calculation Method for Incidence and Reflection of Irregular Waves Along Seawalls

Some researches have been made in this aspect.In the method by Walton Jr.(1992),incidentwaves are supposed to be the overlapping result of M component waves with different frequencies whichmay take different directions,the direction of incident waves should be available in advance,but in fact thedirection of incident waves is not available.In our study,incident waves are supposed to be composed ofM overlapping component waves with different frequencies,and different frequencies have different direc-tions.Based on the irregular wave reflection theory,the calculation formulas of wave direction,complexamplitude of incident waves,and complex amplitude of reflected waves in surface which are composed ofcomponent waves are derived by means of discrete Fourier transform.Then,the frequency spectra of inci-dent waves and reflected waves and the reflection coefficient of waves with corresponding frequencies areobtained.Verification of the method and the calculation results from in-situ measured data indicate thatt     

视觉认知的自适应多级岛屿群空间模式提取

针对当前电子地图显示范围以及人眼视觉分辨能力的限制,该文提出了符合视觉认知规律的自适应多级岛屿群空间模式,基于动态邻近图、最小生成树、最小面积外接矩形等概念设计了岛屿群多级空间模式提取算法。实验结果表明,该方法有效顾及了岛屿群显示的空间尺度,能够自适应地生成符合显示尺度要求的岛屿群多级空间模式,提高了空间模式识别的灵活性和有效性。     

无人机遥感影像的城市绿地信息提取

针对传统人工城市绿地调查费时、费力等问题,该文提出了一种利用无人机遥感进行城市绿地信息提取的思路和方法。设计构建了基于固定翼无人机平台的遥感系统,对宁波市部分区域进行航飞实验。采用PixelGrid软件对无人机影像进行了预处理,得到测区正射影像。采用基于像元统计特征分类和面向对象分类两种方法,对研究区进行绿地信息快速提取并进行了精度验证。研究结果表明,利用最大似然分类法和归一化绿红差异指数法提取精度最高,分别为81.73%和80.23%。     

闪电初始预击穿过程辐射脉冲特征及电流模型

利用2012年青海大通地区高精度闪电三维辐射源定位结果和宽带电场脉冲波形同步数据,基于3种改进的传输线模型和粒子群优化算法,拟合发生在不同距离上不同类型闪电初始预击穿过程的双极性脉冲波形结构,反演初始流光通道内电流波形和特征参数,对比分析3种模型对初始预击穿过程和梯级先导双极性脉冲波形的拟合效果,统计分析4类闪电初始预击穿脉冲的物理特征。结果表明:3种改进的传输线模型均能较好地拟合出双极性脉冲结构,且MTLE模型更合理。负地闪的初始预击穿过程和梯级先导过程呈现出相同的传输特征,即均以梯级形式发展,且拟合物理参量也较为接近。初始流光向上的路径长度大于初始流光向下的路径长度,初始流光向上击穿进入上部正电荷区的路径上中和的总电荷量和总垂直偶极矩远大于初始流光向下的路径上中和的总电荷量和总垂直偶极矩。     

海洋中倾废物的声学测量和跟踪

本文较详细地讨论了海洋声学体散射理论和海水中悬浮物扩散理论。对比DFS－2100型声学测量系统和TCL－204型双频探鱼声纳的技术性能之后，对国产TKL－204声学系统作了重大改进，使其适于对海洋倾废物进行测量和跟踪。现场实验结果表明，经过改进后的系统是成功的，同时也证明了文中所用的扩散理论对分析海洋中悬浮物的扩散规律是有用的。     

A System for Fast Cartographic Sounding Selection

Soundings on nautical charts provide information about the shape of the ocean bottom between chart depth curves. A single chart may have thousands of soundings posted on it. This article describes a system for automatic cartographic sounding selection. In this system, a new algorithm for automated selecting soundings is developed. The algorithm is employed in such a way that it can guarantee (a) fast and accurate selecting sounding, (b) processing the circular depth curves, (c) solving the overplotting problems between depth curves and soundings, and (d) keeping selected soundings “prettier.” The system was intensively tested using real data sets, and its superiority has been revealed by the testing results.     

由波浪压力记录计算表面波谱

对目前仍广为使用的压力测波仪来说,如何通过波浪在某深度处的压力信息来推算海面的波浪状况呢?根据深水小振幅简单波动的经典理论,关系式H_o=H_z exp[kz]成立,式中H_o、H_z分别表示海面和水深z处的波高。将这一关系式应用于实际资料,则由波浪压力记录可以求出H_z、T_z(或λ_z),再由记录的深度z就可以求出H_o。     

海水中总无机碳的气相色谱测定

海水中总无机碳是指溶解在海水中的分子状态的二氧化碳及碳酸盐和重碳酸盐的总和.其含量通常用海水pH值、总碱度以及水温和盐度的资料进行计算.显然,这样计算的结果包含了上述各项参数测定的所有误差,以及由温盐资料导出的无机硼酸盐和碳酸盐离解常数的不准确性.就一般的海洋学所用而言,这样的资料是可行的.但在一些精细的研究中,如海水中的二氧化碳系统的平衡,海水与大气之间气体交换速率等,就需要更准确的资料.海水中总无机碳的气相色谱测定,为直接和准确测定海水中总无机碳的含量提供了新的测试手段.     

江蓠属藻胆蛋白的研究──Ⅰ 诱变、突变体筛选及藻胆蛋白的光谱特性

用N-甲基-N′-硝基-N-亚硝基胍（MNNG）对龙须菜配子体进行诱变处理，并筛选出色素突变体。又以真江蓠、细基江篱繁枝变型、龙须菜及其突变体为材料进行了藻胞蛋白的提取、纯化及藻胆蛋白光谱特性的研究。结果表明，江蓠属三个物种藻胆蛋白的含量有明显差异，龙须菜的野生型藻体与突变体之间藻胆蛋白含量的差异比不同物种之间的差异更为显著。江蓠属三个物种中藻胆蛋白的吸收光谱中以藻红蛋白（PE）变化最大：细基江蓠繁枝变型PE的吸收光谱有二峰一肩，属Ⅰ型R-PE，而真江蓠和龙须菜的PE的吸收光谱有三个峰，属Ⅱ型R－PE：龙须菜的不同突变型藻体的吸收光谱也有Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型R－PE之分。不同物种藻蓝蛋白也有R－PC和C－PC的差异，异藻蓝蛋白的吸收光谱及三种藻胆蛋白的荧光发射光谱也略有变化。并以光合进化的观点分析了本文的实验结果。     

Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism of Environmental Pollutants on Graphene Oxide

Graphene oxide, as an emerging material for contaminants removal,possesses relatively large specific surface area, and it shows good dispersion in water phase due to the hydrophilicessence resulted from abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on the edge, thus leading to a potential excellent adsorbent. Current studies revealthat, because graphene oxide is negatively-charged in a wide range of pHs, the removal efficiency of heavy metals and cationic dyes by graphene oxide is significantly higher than by traditional adsorbents, like activated carbon. However, its applications are still limited due to its structural defects. For example, its π domain is destructed during fabrication process. Therefore, certain structural modifications need to be conducted on the purpose of improving its performance, achieving a better result in water purification. This paper presented the preparation and structure of graphene oxide, and reviewed the adsorption behaviors, adsorption mechanisms, adsorption models and influence factors of heavy metals and organic pollutants on graphene oxide and its composites, respectively. In view of unresolved issues, further research should focus on comprehensive adsorption mechanisms, more facile and effectivemethods for structural modifications and the treatment of graphene oxide after adsorption process.