Spatiotemporal changes of freezing/thawing indices and their response to recent climate change on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from 1980 to 2013

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - The spatial and temporal changes of the ground surface freezing indices (GFIs), ground surface thawing indices (GTIs), air freezing indices (AFIs), and air...     

Establishment of a diatom-total phosphorus transfer function for lakes on the Songnen Plain in northeast China

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - To understand the relationship between planktonic diatoms and environmental variables in the lakes on the Songnen Plain, northeast (NE) China, we investigated...     

可考虑历史洪水信息的广义极值分布线性矩法的研究

在水文及其他行业中广义极值分布(GEV)是一种较为常用的分布线型,包括极值Ⅰ型、极值Ⅱ型和极值Ⅲ型分布.在介绍了该分布线性矩与其参数关系后,给出了有效的可以考虑历史洪水信息的线性矩公式,并对由线性矩推求分布密度函数中k值作了改进.通过统计试验计算分析了线性矩在该分布中的统计性能及历史洪水公式的适用性,并与绝对值准则和平方和准则两种不同优化适线法、矩法作了比较.统计试验表明,改进k值计算后的线性矩法略优于传统线性矩法.从总体上讲,改进k值计算后的线性矩法优于平方和准则适线法及矩法,其参数及设计值的不偏性很好,与绝对值准则适线法总体上相当.     

自然云中冰晶生成的核化过程及雪晶对过冷云滴的撞冻

鉴于冰晶过程在自然降水形成中的作用十分重要,对冰晶形成的物理过程曾进行过大量研究。由于自然云中冰晶的生成受大气热力、动力学条件及微物理过程等多因子制约,因而在自然云中研究冰晶的形成过程有很大困难,至今有关冰晶生成的核化过程的外场研究仍极少。室内实验可以在控制某些云物理条件下进行,但有些条件(过冷云维持时间、过冷云滴谱等)很难进行逼真的模拟。雪晶对过冷云滴的撞冻是雪粒子的重要增长过程之一;有关雪晶对过冷云滴的撞冻效率,已持续进行多年的室内实验与理论研究。这些研究工作中,都对雪晶形状做了不同程度的简化,对自然云中的雪晶撞冻过程的研究仍极少。     

浅化波浪层流边界层流速分布特性的数值分析

建立了同时考虑波致雷诺应力和时均水平压强梯度影响的二阶波浪边界层数学模型,模型计算得到的浅化波浪层流边界层内瞬时流速剖面、振荡速度幅值和时均流速剖面均与水槽实验数据吻合较好,在此基础上探讨了浅化波浪边界层流速分布特性及其影响机制。随着波浪的浅化变形,边界层内时均流速剖面"底部向岸、上部离岸"的变化特征越来越明显。这是二阶对流项引起的波致雷诺应力和离岸回流引起的时均水平压强梯度共同作用的结果,在床面附近由波致雷诺应力占主导作用并趋于引起向岸流动,在上部区域由时均水平压强梯度占主导作用并趋于引起离岸流动。     

稀释技术^14C测年可靠性的研究

稀释技术~(14)C测年的关键在于本底气的稳定,稀释技术测定的最大年限取决于样品的含碳量。同一样品无机碳部分和有机碳部分的对比实验和不同测年方法的对比实验,都证明稀释技术测定的~(14)C年龄不但复现性好而且可靠。     

CHGS method for numerical forecasting of typhoon waves——Ⅰ. Spectrum of waves in growing phase

Owing to the fact that the wind speed and direction of typhoon vary rapidly with time and space in typhoon fetch; the nearer to the typhoon eye the greater the wind velocity, and the shorter the wind fetch the smaller the wind time,as a result,the more difficult for the wind wave to fully grow. Hence.in typhoon wave numerical calculation it is impossible to use the model for a fully grown wave spectrum. Lately, the author et at. presented a CHGS method for numerical forecasting of typhoon waves, where a model for the growing wave spectrum was set up (see Eq. (2) in the text). The model involves a parameter indicating the growing degree of wind wave, i. e. ,the mean wave age β. When βvalue is small, the wave energy is chiefly concentrated near the peak frequency, so that the spectral peak gets high and steep; with the increase of β the spectral shape gradually gets lower and gentler; when β=Ⅰ, the wave fully grows, the growing spectrum becomes a fully grown P-M spectrum. The model also shows a spect     

Design and Implementation of the Hydrographic Production and Management Information System (HYPAMIS)

With the development of hydrographic work and information techniques, the traditional work mode is not suitable for the Chinese Marine Safety Administration Bureau (CMSAB). Aiming at the separation of charts production and management, a new idea that is the integration of production, management, and quality control is presented. Geographic Information System (GIS), Management Information System (MIS), Office Automation (OA) and Spatial Database Management (SDM) advanced techniques are introduced into the workflows in CMSAB. To realize information sharing, a mixed mode with Browser/Server (B/S) mode and Client/Serve (C/S) mode are adopted. Based on the above ideas and strategies, an integrated system named Hydrographic Production And Management Information System (HYPAMIS) was developed. The whole workflow and three subworkflows including survey management workflow, production workflow, and quality control workflow of are outlined after re-engineering the CMSAB organization. Some design principles and key techniques of the HYPAMIS including the cooperation of GIS and MIS, object-oriented spatial data model and management, data management based on database, and security control are illustrated in detail. Then the implementation of the system is introduced briefly. Finally, performance evaluation of the system and future work is given.     

中国东部海域及周边地壳热流初探

本文根据在117°～135°E,21°50′～41°30′N范围内的500多个热流值,对中国东部海域及周边的热流分布特征及其与地质构造的关系进行了讨论。热流分析表明,冲绳海槽具有极高的热流值,为一现在正在活动的弧后张裂带。