Redox environment effect on redox sensitive elements in surface sediments of the Changjiang Estuary hypoxia zone

The grain size and element (including redox sensitive elements and terrigenous elements) concentration of surface sediments from the Changjiang Estuary hypoxia zone and its adjacent sea area were measured in this research. Based on the obtained data, the hypoxic environment’s influence on the distribution of elements in surface sediments was further studied. We believe that the “redox environment effect” greatly influences the distribution of the RSE, which reveals the “patchy enrichment pattern” offshore in the hypoxia zone, while the distribution of the terrigenous elements which shows the “stripped enrichment pattern” near shore is mainly affected by “granularity effects”. Due to the existence of the hypoxia zone of the Changjiang Estuary, the distribution of the RSE such as Mo, Cd and V in the study area exhibits the characteristics of “redox environment effects”. __________ Translated from Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2007, 27(3):1–8 [译自: 海洋地质与第四纪地质]     

可考虑历史洪水信息的广义极值分布线性矩法的研究

在水文及其他行业中广义极值分布(GEV)是一种较为常用的分布线型,包括极值Ⅰ型、极值Ⅱ型和极值Ⅲ型分布.在介绍了该分布线性矩与其参数关系后,给出了有效的可以考虑历史洪水信息的线性矩公式,并对由线性矩推求分布密度函数中k值作了改进.通过统计试验计算分析了线性矩在该分布中的统计性能及历史洪水公式的适用性,并与绝对值准则和平方和准则两种不同优化适线法、矩法作了比较.统计试验表明,改进k值计算后的线性矩法略优于传统线性矩法.从总体上讲,改进k值计算后的线性矩法优于平方和准则适线法及矩法,其参数及设计值的不偏性很好,与绝对值准则适线法总体上相当.     

浅化波浪层流边界层流速分布特性的数值分析

建立了同时考虑波致雷诺应力和时均水平压强梯度影响的二阶波浪边界层数学模型,模型计算得到的浅化波浪层流边界层内瞬时流速剖面、振荡速度幅值和时均流速剖面均与水槽实验数据吻合较好,在此基础上探讨了浅化波浪边界层流速分布特性及其影响机制。随着波浪的浅化变形,边界层内时均流速剖面"底部向岸、上部离岸"的变化特征越来越明显。这是二阶对流项引起的波致雷诺应力和离岸回流引起的时均水平压强梯度共同作用的结果,在床面附近由波致雷诺应力占主导作用并趋于引起向岸流动,在上部区域由时均水平压强梯度占主导作用并趋于引起离岸流动。     

一次飑线过程的雨滴谱特征研究

利用4台Thies激光雨滴谱仪组成的观测网和CINRADA/SA多普勒雷达观测资料,通过单点雨滴谱和积分参数时间序列分析、以及γ谱拟合参数和Z-R关系等的统计分析,研究成熟平行层状飑线不同部位雨滴谱和积分参数的演变特征。结果表明,不同部位雨滴谱和积分参数演变特征存在明显差别,但有一致的基本特征,即在雨强增大阶段为较小的小粒子数浓度,较大的大粒子数浓度和谱宽,而雨强减弱阶段为较大的小粒子数浓度,较小的大粒子数浓度和谱宽,所以,雨强增大阶段具有较低的雨滴浓度和较大的雷达反射率因子,以及较小的γ谱斜率参数λ和形状参数μ。但有时雨强减弱阶段存在较大的大粒子数浓度和谱宽,因此,具有较大的雷达反射率因子;统计表明,γ谱三参数N0、μ、λ与雨强的关系可以用幂函数拟合, N0随雨强增大而增大,μ、λ随着雨强的增大而减小。λ-μ关系可以用二次多项式拟合,对流云Z-R关系为Z=324R1.60。不同部位雨滴谱演变特征的差异对Z-R关系等统计关系影响明显,但对λ-μ关系影响较小。平行层状飑线不同部位雨滴谱和积分参数演变特征与拖曳层状飑线对流带典型雨滴谱演变特征类似,但也存在一些明显差别,这些差异是否与平行层状飑线动力结构的不同有关,尚需进一步的研究。      

稀释技术^14C测年可靠性的研究

稀释技术~(14)C测年的关键在于本底气的稳定,稀释技术测定的最大年限取决于样品的含碳量。同一样品无机碳部分和有机碳部分的对比实验和不同测年方法的对比实验,都证明稀释技术测定的~(14)C年龄不但复现性好而且可靠。     

CHGS method for numerical forecasting of typhoon waves——Ⅰ. Spectrum of waves in growing phase

Owing to the fact that the wind speed and direction of typhoon vary rapidly with time and space in typhoon fetch; the nearer to the typhoon eye the greater the wind velocity, and the shorter the wind fetch the smaller the wind time,as a result,the more difficult for the wind wave to fully grow. Hence.in typhoon wave numerical calculation it is impossible to use the model for a fully grown wave spectrum. Lately, the author et at. presented a CHGS method for numerical forecasting of typhoon waves, where a model for the growing wave spectrum was set up (see Eq. (2) in the text). The model involves a parameter indicating the growing degree of wind wave, i. e. ,the mean wave age β. When βvalue is small, the wave energy is chiefly concentrated near the peak frequency, so that the spectral peak gets high and steep; with the increase of β the spectral shape gradually gets lower and gentler; when β=Ⅰ, the wave fully grows, the growing spectrum becomes a fully grown P-M spectrum. The model also shows a spect     

张性环境中与断裂相关的褶皱类型及特征

张性环境下与断裂相关的褶皱作用 (包括纵向褶皱作用和横向褶皱作用 )的研究刚刚起步 ,以往的研究都将后者归因于走滑扭动或挤压反转的结果。但最新研究表明 ,横向褶皱多与张性环境下正断层作用相关的位移变化密切相关 ,也即横向褶皱是应变控制的构造 ,而不是应力控制的构造。根据相关断裂级别 ,横向褶皱级别也分为 5类 :盆地级别 (一级 )的横向褶皱、控坳及控隆横向褶皱、控凹及控凸横向褶皱、控制断鼻的横向褶皱、小尺度孤立横向褶皱 ,并与断裂分级对应。对张性环境下褶皱同时的干涉和先后的叠加 (统称复合作用 )进行了系统研究 ,对复合褶皱样式进行创新与探讨。这一研究不仅有助于伸展区发现新的圈闭类型 ,指导油气勘探 ;而且在于可创新性地在平面构造图上进行断裂生长顺序和组合规律的定性分析 ,同时还可对沉积相分布、沉积厚度变化等进行对应分析。     

Design and Implementation of the Hydrographic Production and Management Information System (HYPAMIS)

With the development of hydrographic work and information techniques, the traditional work mode is not suitable for the Chinese Marine Safety Administration Bureau (CMSAB). Aiming at the separation of charts production and management, a new idea that is the integration of production, management, and quality control is presented. Geographic Information System (GIS), Management Information System (MIS), Office Automation (OA) and Spatial Database Management (SDM) advanced techniques are introduced into the workflows in CMSAB. To realize information sharing, a mixed mode with Browser/Server (B/S) mode and Client/Serve (C/S) mode are adopted. Based on the above ideas and strategies, an integrated system named Hydrographic Production And Management Information System (HYPAMIS) was developed. The whole workflow and three subworkflows including survey management workflow, production workflow, and quality control workflow of are outlined after re-engineering the CMSAB organization. Some design principles and key techniques of the HYPAMIS including the cooperation of GIS and MIS, object-oriented spatial data model and management, data management based on database, and security control are illustrated in detail. Then the implementation of the system is introduced briefly. Finally, performance evaluation of the system and future work is given.