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111.
The hypothesis that the optical continua of QSOs, BL Lac objects and the nuclei of Seyfert, N and normal galaxies arise due to incoherent synchrotron radiation from electrons and consequently the flux of radiation in the optical continua of these objects is given by the power law:F(v)v
is examined. Following Kinman, spectral indices B–V and U–B in(B-V) and(U-B) colours as well as their average and difference have been defined and calculated for samples of 227 QSOs, 32 BL Lac objects and nuclei of 62 Seyfert, 12 N and 7 normal galaxies. Here has been assumed to be an estimate of the spectral index . On the other hand, has been regarded as a measure of departure from the power law. On the basis of this, the distributions of and in QSOs, BL Lac objects and the nuclei of Seyfert, N and normal galaxies have been studied. The value of depends mainly on the balance of the energy loss due to synchrotron radiation and the rate of replenishment of energy by injection of high energy electrons in the radiating region. The increase in the value of and therefore that of indicates that the activity in the object is slowing down and the object is growing older. Assuming that the QSOs, BL Lac objects and the nuclei of Seyfert, N and normal galaxies essentially represent different phases in the evolutionary sequence of extragalactic objects, we suggest that they may be arranged in the sequence: QSOsBL Lac objects Seyferts 1N galaxies Seyferts 2 Normal galaxies in the decreasing order of activity in the core or nuclei of these objects.On leave of absence from the Government Science College, Rajpur, M.P., India. 相似文献
112.
D. K. Chakraborty † Parijat Thakur 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,318(4):1273-1276
The projected properties of a triaxial generalization of the modified Hubble mass model are investigated. The projected surface density can be evaluated analytically, allowing us to investigate its properties in analytic forms. The profiles of axis ratio and position angle of the major axis of constant density elliptical contours, as a function of viewing angles, can be compared with observations. 相似文献
113.
Devesh P.Sariya Ing-Guey Jiang Li-Hsin Su Li-Chin Yeh Tze-En Chang V.V.Moskvin A.A.Shlyapnikov V.Ignatov David Mkrtichian Evgeny Griv Vineet Kumar Mannaday Parijat Thakur D.K.Sahu Swadesh Chand D.Bisht Zhao Sun Jianghui Ji 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2021,(4):175-185
Considering the importance of investigating the transit timing variations(TTVs) of transiting exoplanets,we present a follow-up study of HAT-P-12 b.We include six new light curves observed between2011 and 2015 from three different observatories,in association with 25 light curves taken from the published literature.The sample of the data used thus covers a time span of ~10.2 years with a large coverage of epochs(1160) for the transiting events of the exoplanet HAT-P-12 b.The light curves are utilized to determine the orbital parameters and conduct an investigation of possible TTVs.The new linear ephemeris shows a large value of reduced χ~2,i.e.X~2_(red)(23)=7.93,and the sinusoidal fitting using the prominent frequency coming from a periodogram shows a reduced χ~2 around 4.Based on these values and the corresponding O-C diagrams,we suspect the presence of a possible non-sinusoidal TTV in this planetary system.Finally,we find that a scenario with an additional non-transiting exoplanet could explain this TTV with an even smaller reduced χ~2 value of around 2. 相似文献
114.
Assessment of different topographic corrections in AWiFS satellite imagery of Himalaya terrain 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
V. D. Mishra J. K. Sharma K. K. Singh N. K. Thakur M. Kumar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2009,118(1):11-26
The influence of topographic effects in optical satellite imagery is not investigated very extensively in the Himalayan terrain.
The topographic variability causes a problem of differential illumination due to steep and varying slopes in rugged Himalayan
terrain. Therefore, topographic corrections are essential for qualitative and quantitative analysis of snow cover applications.
The present paper discusses the implementation of different topographic correction models on AWiFS sensor onboard IRS P6 satellite
images and the qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis in detail. Both the Lambertian and non-Lambertian assumptions
have been considered in the present analysis with the aim to explore best suitable empirical model for rugged terrain. The
main topographic methods implemented are:
Lambertian assumptions are found to be very unrealistic over Himalayan terrain as these lead to either underestimation or
overestimation of physical parameters significantly both on sunlit slopes as well as the slopes away from the Sun. This problem
is overcome by considering non-Lambertian assumption. Minneart constant and C-correction coefficients for all AWiFS satellite
bands are estimated using regression analysis. All the results due to topographic effects are investigated qualitatively and
quantitatively using four criteria namely visual analysis, validation with field measurements (in-situ observations), spectral reflectance of training samples of snow on the south and north aspects and graphically. The visual
analysis confirms the minimization of three dimensional relief effects in two-stage normalization and slope matching methods
and retrieves some of the information under mountain shadow. Due to the very bright surface of snow fields there is likely
to be more diffuse reflected light in these areas than over darker vegetated surfaces. The qualitative analysis in other methods
does not extract any information on shady slopes. The quantitative validation of topographic results in satellite imagery
with in-situ observations shows underestimation of spectral reflectance of snow significantly except for slope matching technique. It
is also apparent that although all the topographic methods correct the reflectance of training snow samples on the south and
north aspects but most acceptable values are achieved using slope matching. The results obtained from graphical analysis reveal
that mean reflectance after all topographic corrections are independent of illumination. This study also suggests that the
suitability of topographic models can not be concluded as successful based on single criterion. Slope matching technique is
the only technique which satisfies all the four criteria successfully and produces the best result for Himalayan terrain. 相似文献
• | C-correction |
• | Minneart corrections |
• | Civco’s modified version of cosine correction |
• | two-stage normalization and |
• | slope matching technique. |
115.
The seismically active Northwest (NW) Himalaya falls within Seismic Zone IV and V of the hazard zonation map of India. The
region has suffered several moderate (~25), large-to-great earthquakes (~4) since Assam earthquake of 1897. In view of the
major advancement made in understanding the seismicity and seismotectonics of this region during the last two decades, an
updated probabilistic seismic hazard map of NW Himalaya and its adjoining areas covering 28–34°N and 74–82°E is prepared.
The northwest Himalaya and its adjoining area is divided into nineteen different seismogenic source zones; and two different
region-specific attenuation relationships have been used for seismic hazard assessment. The peak ground acceleration (PGA)
estimated for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 and 10 years at locations defined in the grid of 0.25 × 0.25°. The computed
seismic hazard map reveals longitudinal variation in hazard level along the NW Himalayan arc. The high hazard potential zones
are centred around Kashmir region (0.70 g/0.35 g), Kangra region (0.50 g/0.020 g), Kaurik-Spitti region (0.45 g/0.20 g), Garhwal
region (0.50 g/0.20 g) and Darchula region (0.50 g/0.20 g) with intervening low hazard area of the order of 0.25 g/0.02 g
for 10% probability in 50 and 10 years in each region respectively. 相似文献
116.
117.
118.
Raj Paul Guleria Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal Pan Singh Rawat Nand Lal Sharma Harinder Kumar Thakur Pitamber Prasad Dhyani Mahavir Singh 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2011,113(3-4):153-169
The present study deals with the aerosol optical properties which are assessed during the period 2007 to 2009 over Mohal (31.9oN, 77.12oE) in the northwestern Indian Himalaya, using ground-based measurements and multi-satellite data. The daily average value of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500?nm, ?ngstr?m exponent and turbidity coefficient are 0.24?±?0.08, 1.02?±?0.34 and 0.13?±?0.05, respectively. The comparative study of satellite and ground-based measurements reveals that the percentage retrieval for daily AOD at 550?nm over Mohal within the expected accuracy (???? p?? ?=?±0.05?±?0.15?? p?? ) is around 87%, with a significant correlation coefficient of 0.76. The present study suggests that the retrieval of AOD through satellite data is able to characterise the distribution of AOD over Mohal. However, further efforts are needed in order to eliminate systematic errors in the existing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) algorithm. The transport of desert dust and anthropogenic aerosol during high aerosol loading days caused a significant reduction in surface-reaching solar radiation by 149 and 117%, respectively. This large reduction in surface-reaching solar radiation increased the atmospheric heating rate by 0.93 and 0.72?K?day?1, respectively. This study indicates significant climatic implications due to the transport of aerosols in the northwestern Indian Himalaya. 相似文献
119.
Abstract Given a certain pre-existing commitment to sea-level rise due to the long thermal lags of the ocean system, several million people living in coastal areas and small islands will inevitably be displaced by the middle of the century. These climate exiles will have nowhere to go. Rather than deal with this in an ad hoc manner as the problem arises, the authors propose a mechanism by which these exiles would be given immigration benefits by countries through a formula that ties numbers of immigrants to a country's historical greenhouse gas emissions. Such a compensatory mechanism appears to be a fair way of addressing the problems faced by climate exiles. 相似文献
120.
Parijat Thakur D.K. Chakraborty † 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,328(1):330-338
The projected properties of some triaxial mass models are studied. The models are flattened versions of a set of spherical models. They are constructed by addition of two spherical harmonic terms to a spherical model. The projected properties exhibit strong correlations, when a model with a given set of intrinsic parameters is viewed in all possible orientations. The correlation plots appear to carry signatures of the intrinsic shape of the mass model. Rigorous shape estimates, using Bayesian statistics, yield satisfactory results for the test cases. 相似文献