基于多格网算法的卫星图像恢复

将求解二次椭圆偏微分方程问题的多格网算法应用到卫星影像的恢复中。其基本思想是在将由总变分求极小生成的偏微分方程离散成为差分方程的过程中,采用不同大小的格网。在取得较好恢复结果的同时,提高了传统图像恢复算法的运算效率,降低了恢复运算所需要的时间。     

Application of satellite infrared data for mapping of thermal plume contamination in coastal ecosystem of Korea

The 5900 MW Younggwang nuclear power station on the west coast of Korea discharges warm water affecting coastal ecology [KORDI report (2003). Wide area observation of the impact of the operation of Younggwang nuclear power plant 5 and 6, No. BSPI 319-00-1426-3, KORDI, Seoul, Korea]. Here the spatial and temporal characteristics of the thermal plume signature of warm water are reported from a time series (1985-2003) of space-borne, thermal infrared data from Landsat and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites. Sea surface temperature (SST) were characterized using advanced very high resolution radiometer data from the NOAA satellites. These data demonstrated the general pattern and extension of the thermal plume signature in the Younggwang coastal areas. In contrast, the analysis of SST from thematic mapper data using the Landsat-5 and 7 satellites provided enhanced information about the plume shape, dimension and direction of dispersion in these waters. The thermal plume signature was detected from 70 to 100 km to the south of the discharge during the summer monsoon and 50 to 70 km to the northwest during the winter monsoon. The mean detected plume temperature was 28 degrees C in summer and 12 degrees C in winter. The DeltaT varied from 2 to 4 degrees C in winter and 2 degrees C in summer. These values are lower than the re-circulating water temperature (6-9 degrees C). In addition the temperature difference between tidal flats and offshore (SSTtidal flats - SSToffsore) was found to vary from 5.4 to 8.5 degrees C during the flood tides and 3.5 degrees C during the ebb tide. The data also suggest that water heated by direct solar radiation on the tidal flats during the flood tides might have been transported offshore during the ebb tide. Based on these results we suggest that there is an urgent need to protect the health of Younggwang coastal marine ecosystem from the severe thermal impact by the large quantity of warm water discharged from the Younggwang nuclear power plant.     

偕胺肟基聚丙烯腈/蒙脱土纳米复合材料海水铀的吸附规律研究

采用偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈/蒙脱土(APAN/MMT)复合纳米吸附材料对海水中的铀进行吸附,考察了吸附条件对APAN/MMT吸附铀量的影响,并对APAN/MMT吸附铀的动力学和热力学进行了探讨.结果表明:铀初始浓度、溶液温度较高、采用磁力搅拌吸附方式有利于吸附速率的提高,溶液pH对吸附性能有一定的影响,在pH为5时,平衡吸附...     

利用基于环境因子的动态产量模型评估西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼

西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼,Illex argentinus,巴塔哥尼亚南部群体是重要的经济种类。海洋环境因子在柔鱼资源分布中起着重要的作用。本研究利用基于环境因子的动态产量模型评估2000-2010年的滑柔鱼的资源量。假设海洋环境因子（滑柔鱼产卵场最适宜海表温度占比）影响动态产量模型的参数K,DIC值表明在正态分布和均匀分布下均是基于环境因子的评估模型优于基本的动态产量模型。阿根廷滑柔鱼的最大可持续产量（MSY）在351600吨到685 100吨之间,资源生物量在1322400吨到1 803 000吨之间,其捕捞死亡系数均小于F_0.1和F_MSY,资源处在良好状态,没有遭受过度捕捞。本研究为应用环境因子在柔鱼类的资源评估与管理提中供了科学的参考方法。     

现行黄河三角洲叶瓣蚀积演化对动力环境的影响

现行黄河三角洲地貌演化已使河口动力环境发生了显著变化,但黄河改道清8汊后,现行河口以及废弃河道清水沟河口动力环境如何变化尚不清楚。基于1976、1995和2002年黄河三角洲实测水深数据,应用Delft3D模型对清水沟流路不同时期冬夏季河口动力环境进行了数值模拟,定量研究了黄河三角洲地貌演化对动力环境的影响。模拟结果表明,黄河现行三角洲地貌演化导致河口动力环境发生了显著变化,1976年河口动力环境弱,随着河嘴向海突出,1995年河口处涨、落潮最大流速较1976年增长了约60%~90%,潮致剪切力增大约2倍,冬季大风条件下浪致剪切力较1976年增加1个数量级,2002年黄河改道清8汊入海后,现行河口处涨、落潮最大流速较1995年减小约20%,潮致剪切力减小1/3,冬季大风条件下浪致剪切力是1995年的1~2倍,而废弃河道河口处涨、落潮最大流速较1995年减小约20%~40%,潮致剪切力减小约20%。黄河三角洲动力环境变化也显著影响了入海泥沙的搬运与沉积,造成清水沟河口呈“南肥北瘦”形态,且废弃后侵蚀速率不断降低。同时,地貌形态与动力环境之间的耦合关系对黄河三角洲冲淤模式的转变有重要影响。     

Bathymetry enhancement by altimetry-derived gravity anomalies in the East Sea (Sea of Japan)

The gravity-geologic method (GGM) was used to enhance the bathymetry of the East Sea (Sea of Japan) with satellite altimetry-derived free-air gravity anomalies and shipborne depth measurements. By comparison with the bathymetry model of Smith and Sandwell’s (SAS) approach (1994), GGM was found to have an advantage with short wavelength (≤12 km) components, while SAS better predicts longer wavelength (≥25 km) components, despite its dependency on density contrast. To mitigate this limitation, a tuning density contrast of 10.25 g/cm³ between seawater and the seafloor was primarily estimated by the downward continuation method and then validated by the check points method with GGM. Similarly, SAS is limited by the “A” value in low-pass part of the Wiener filter, which defines the effective range of the wavelength components on bathymetry. As a final result, we present an enhanced GGM bathymetry model by integrating all available data.     

不同软基处理方法适用性比较

总结分析了国内外现有的软土地基处理的各种方法。通过对采用不同方法进行软基处理的工程实例处理效果的定量对比，发现不同软基处理方法的适用性差异很大，多数工程中仅用一种方法很难达到设计要求，而两种或多种方法联合则可望取得更好的效果。     

A new efficient 3D non-hydrostatic free-surface flow model for simulating water wave motions

A new three-dimensional, non-hydrostatic free surface flow model is presented. For simulating water wave motions over uneven bottoms, the model employs an explicit project method on a Cartesian the staggered gird system to solve the complete three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. A bi-conjugated gradient method with a pre-conditioning procedure is used to solve the resulting matrix system. The model is capable of resolving non-hydrostatic pressure by incorporating the integral method of the top-layer pressure treatment, and predicting wave propagation and interaction over irregular bottom by including a partial bottom-cell treatment. Four examples of surface wave propagation are used to demonstrate the capability of the model. Using a small of vertical layers (e.g. 2–3 layers), it is shown that the model could effectively and accurately resolve wave shoaling, non-linearity, dispersion, fission, refraction, and diffraction phenomena.     

北京及邻区微震活动的初步分析

通过对北京遥测地震台网近年来记录到的北京及邻区地震的震中分布,地震活动频度及能量释放强度的分析,得到本区地震活动在时间分布上具有“聚堆性”。在年发震频度,地震强度和能释放方面均具有双峰值特征,并且具有较好的一致性和同步性,在空间分布上具有条带特征,且形成北东～南西和北西～南东的两条相互交汇的条带。又通过统计分析得到本区发震概率最大的时间段是每年的１０月前后,而地震主要发生在北西～南东带上。     

用天文方法建立商后期甲骨文年代序列的新途径—解析殷历月法

利用对具有月龄特征的历谱规律的研究成果，以推定甲骨文的绝对年代，从而提供了建立商后期甲骨文年代序列的新方法，并给出了13版卜辞的例证，通过分析殷历月的结构，得出殷历中“二癸月”和“四癸月”的月首分别为首甲日和首癸日，初步归纳出殷历月法，月首为初三，月长等于逆望月周期，建立固定，且找到建立丑之例，置闰规律未知，已存在年终，年中置闰两种闰法。