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11.
J. Srinivasan 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1981,21(2):173-181
At present, there are two approaches to the prediction of downward flux of atmospheric radiation at the earth's surface. One can use either empirical correlations or radiation charts. The empirical correlations, being very elementary, do not always agree with observations made under different conditions. The radiation charts on the other hand require detailed knowledge of temperature and water vapour profiles. In the present paper, a semi-empirical approach is advocated. The emissivity of water vapour measured in the laboratory is used to predict the atmospheric downward radiation. Since the laboratory data are based on a homogeneous atmosphere, suitable pressure scaling is employed to take into account the non-homogeneity in the earth's atmosphere. The atmospheric downward radiation is obtained as a function of local temperature, water vapour scale height, and temperature lapse rate. It is shown that the resulting predictions agree somewhat better with observations than do the predictions based on empirical correlations. 相似文献
12.
Relative yields of Kr and Xe isotopes from the spontaneous fission of 248Cm and 250Cf have been determined mass spectrometrically. The yields are as follows: 83Kr/84Kr/85Kr/86Kr = 0.223/0.458/0.596/ ≡ 1.00 and 0.306/0.582/0.793/ ≡ 1.00;131Xe/132Xe/134Xe/136Xe = 0.486/0.819/1.075/ ≡ 1.00 and 0.343/0.506/0.851/ ≡ 1.00 from 248Cm and 250Cf, respectively. The Xe yields from 248Cm agree with an earlier determination by Leich et al. [24]. Neither of these yield patterns matches that of “fissiogenic” Kr and Xe in carbonaceous chondrites and hence 248Cm and 250Cf are ruled out as progenitors of the meteoritic Kr and Xe. In general, none of the spontaneously fissioning nuclides of actinide elements can be identified as a possible progenitor. Even the mixtures of actinides, including a combination of 248Cm and 250Cm, are unsuitable. The origin of “anomalous” Kr and Xe in carbonaceous chondrites must then be traced either to the spontaneous fission of a superheavy element or to peculiarities in specific nucleosynthetic reactions. 相似文献
13.
We estimate the contribution of millisecond pulsars to the diffuse gamma-ray background of the Galaxy, and show that a significant
fraction of the Galactic background may originate from them. A small number of the unidentified COS-B point sources may, in
fact, be millisecond pulsars. It is argued that several hundred millisecond pulsars may be detectable as point sources by
the GRO satellite
A preliminary version of these results was presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Neutron stars, AGNs and Jets,
Erice, September 5–17, 1988.
On leave from Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India. 相似文献
14.
Srinivasan G. Bhattacharya D. Dwarakanath K. S. 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1984,5(4):403-423
We conclude that pulsar-driven supernova remnants (SNRs) are extremely rare objects. Indeed an analysis of the known sample
of plerions suggests a very low birthrate ∼ 1 in 240 years. Long-lived and bright plerions like the Crab nebula are likely
to be produced only when the pulsar has an initial period ∼ 10–20 milliseconds and a field ∼ 1012 G. Such pulsars inside rapidly expanding shell remnants should also produce detectable plerions. The extreme rarity of SNRs
with such hybrid morphology leads us to conclude that these pulsars must have been born with an initial period larger than
∼ 35–70 milliseconds.
Joint Astronomy Program, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012. 相似文献
15.
Rekhesh Mohan K. S. Dwarakanath G. Srinivasan Jayaram N. Chengalur 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2001,22(1):35-50
Nearby interstellar clouds with high (|ν|≥10km s−1) random velocities although easily detected in NaI and CaII lines have hitherto not been detected (in emission or absorption)
in the HI 21cm line. We describe here deep Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) HI absorption observations toward radio
sources with small angular separation from bright O and B stars whose spectra reveal the presence of intervening high random
velocity CaII absorbing clouds. In 5 out of the 14 directions searched we detect HI 21cm absorption features from these clouds.
The mean optical depth of these detections is ∼0.09 and FWHM is ∼10km s−1, consistent with absorption arising from CNM clouds. 相似文献
16.
17.
A small scale soil map for a part of Barnagar Tehsil prepared by the adoption of a systematic air photo-interpretation procedure has been compared with the soil map for the same area resulting from a previous reconnaissance soil survey using toposheets as base maps. Tt has been shown that the soil boundaries of the photo-interpretation map are both more accurate and natural in shape; delineation of gullied lands has been achieved more accurately by the A.P.I. procedure; soil erosion could be mapped more consistently and accurately through photo-interpretation. Additionally. the photo-internretation procedure achieves accurate delineation of distinctive facets of land forms because of the advantages arising from the viewing of a stereo model of the landscape; this paves the way for easier and better soil mapping in view of the correlation between landscape elements and soil patterns. Apart from the increased accuracy and diminished costs the photo-interpretation procedure will be helpful in modernising previously prepared reconnaissance soil maps. 相似文献
18.
Vajapeyam S. Srinivasan Hugo M. de Alcântara Carlos de O. Galvão Ulisses A. Bezerra John E. de Brito Leite Cunha 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14194
Catchments have highly variable yields of runoff and soil erosion. The size, land use and the surface cover play a significant role and influence the catchment response and parameter values of simulation models. Two experimental basins—the Cariri basins—were equipped in a semi-arid region of Brazil, for obtaining runoff and sediment yield at different catchment scales, as well as, to evaluate the influence of the land use and surface cover. In the first basin, located in the municipality of Sumé, the field studies were carried out at two different scales: four micro-catchments with an area of around 0.5 ha and nine standard Wischmeier-type erosion plots of 100 m2. The experimental units had varied vegetation and management. They were subjected only to natural rainfall events, and were monitored from 1982 to 1991. The total runoff and total sediment yield were determined for each of the events. The installations in the second basin, in the municipality of São João do Cariri, from 1999, include two erosion plots, three micro-catchments, and two sub-catchments of a small basin. These basins are still being monitored for runoff and sediment production. Among the micro-catchments two are nested to detect any scale effect at the micro-catchment level. Nearly 600 events of precipitation, that produced runoff in at least one of the experimental units, have been registered. These data have been used to evaluate the influence of various factors, including cultivation practices and to calibrate hydrological models for plots and micro-catchments. Parameters have been tested by means of cross validations among micro-catchments and sub-catchments. The data sets are made available to all the catchment hydrology researchers and others at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690886 . 相似文献
19.
Rui Zhang Xiaolei Song Sergey Fomel Mrinal K Sen Sanjay Srinivasan 《Geophysical Prospecting》2014,62(5):1028-1039
Pre‐stack seismic data are indicative of subsurface elastic properties within the amplitude versus offset characteristic and can be used to detect elastic rock property changes caused by injection. We perform time‐lapse pre‐stack 3‐D seismic data analysis for monitoring sequestration at Cranfield. The time‐lapse amplitude differences of Cranfield datasets are found entangled with time‐shifts. To disentangle these two characters, we apply a local‐correlation‐based warping method to register the time‐lapse pre‐stack datasets, which can effectively separate the time‐shift from the time‐lapse seismic amplitude difference without changing the original amplitudes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our registration method by evaluating the inverted elastic properties. These inverted time‐lapse elastic properties can be reliably used for monitoring plumes. 相似文献
20.
Mark E. Perry Daniel S. Kahan Olivier S. Barnouin Carolyn M. Ernst Sean C. Solomon Maria T. Zuber David E. Smith Roger J. Phillips Dipak K. Srinivasan Jürgen Oberst Sami W. Asmar 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(15):1925-1931
The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft completed three flybys of Mercury in 2008–2009. During the first and third of those flybys, MESSENGER passed behind the planet from the perspective of Earth, occulting the radio-frequency (RF) transmissions. The occultation start and end times, recovered with 0.1 s accuracy or better by fitting edge-diffraction patterns to the RF power history, are used to estimate Mercury's radius at the tangent point of the RF path. To relate the measured radius to the planet shape, we evaluate local topography using images to identify the high-elevation feature that defines the RF path or using altimeter data to quantify surface roughness. Radius measurements are accurate to 150 m, and uncertainty in the average radius of the surrounding terrain, after adjustments are made from the local high at the tangent point of the RF path, is 350 m. The results are consistent with Mercury's equatorial shape as inferred from observations by the Mercury Laser Altimeter and ground-based radar. The three independent estimates of radius from occultation events collectively yield a mean radius for Mercury of 2439.2±0.5 km. 相似文献