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111.
M. W. Kemblowski C-M. Chang I. Kamil 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1997,11(3):255-266
It has been observed that the field biodegradation rates for soluble hydrocarbon plumes are significantly smaller than the
aerobic rates observed in the laboratory. It is believed that this difference is related to the fact that in the field oxygen
and hydrocarbon must be mixed before the biodegradation reaction can occur, and that the effective degradation rate is controlled
by the actual, not mean, concentrations of oxygen and hydrocarbon. In this work, we present a conceptual model of oxygen-mixing
limited biodegradation, which indicates that the effective degradation rate should depend on the cross correlation between
the oxygen and hydrocarbon concentration fluctuations. This is followed by a development of a rigorous, field-scale model. 相似文献
112.
Simulation of multigaussian stochastic fields can be made after a Karhunen-Loéve expansion of a given covariance function.
This method is also called simulation by Empirical Orthogonal Functions. The simulations are made by drawing stochastic coefficients
from a random generator. These numbers are multiplied with eigenfunctions and eigenvalues derived from the predefined covariance
model. The number of eigenfunctions necessary to reproduce the stochastic process within a predefined variance error, turns
out to be a cardinal question. Some ordinary analytical covariance functions are used to evaluate how quickly the series of
eigenfunctions can be truncated. This analysis demonstrates extremely quick convergence to 99.5% of total variance for the
2nd order exponential (‘gaussian’) covariance function, while the opposite is true for the 1st order exponential covariance
function. Due to these convergence characteristics, the Karhunen-Loéve method is most suitable for simulating smooth fields
with ‘gaussian’ shaped covariance functions. Practical applications of Karhunen-Loéve simulations can be improved by spatial
interpolation of the eigenfunctions. In this paper, we suggest interpolation by kriging and limits for reproduction of the
predefined covariance functions are evaluated. 相似文献
113.
昌仁民 《CT理论与应用研究》1997,6(2):27-29
本文报道了我院连续六只X-CT球管的使用情况。寿命最长的曝光达358300秒,而最短的只有135000秒,其主要原因是缺乏正确地使用和维护知识,要想延长球管使用寿命,首先需加强对使用人员的专业素质训练,其次,在保证图像质量的前提下,降低mAs;第三,保持扫描室恒业的温湿度;第四,定期检查球管的冷却散热系统。 相似文献
114.
辽宁北票盆地中侏罗世海房沟组含丰富的生物化石,其中的水生昆虫、水生植物、叶肢介、水生软体动物和鱼类共同构成一个复杂的水生生物群落。根据其营养水平划分为生产者、消费者和分解者。这些生物通过捕食关系构成一个复杂的食物链 相似文献
115.
116.
We study the importance of the zones of weakness and the pattern of downgoing flow in steady-state models of subducting lithosphere, which interacts mechanically and thermally with the ambient mantle. The non-linear system of governing equations consists of (i) the momentum equation in stream function formulation and (ii) the steady-state heat transfer equation including conduction and advection of heat and dissipation. A finite element method has been applied to this system. We consider the viscosity to be a non-linear function of both the temperature and the stream function. In steady-state two-dimensional (2D) flow, the stream function isolines follow material trajectories. They are used to follow the top of the subducting slab, which because of its possible increase in water content, is assumed to have a lower viscosity. The zone of weakness has been thus obtained in the self-consistent fashion since the stream function as well as the temperature are the output from our modeling and no a priori assumptions about the shape of the bending lithosphere are taken into account. It was shown that several orders decrease of viscosity in the zone of weakness is required to obtain the dip angle of about 45°. If the decrease of viscosity is not sufficient enough, the subducted slab either sinks almost vertically or does not exhibit a plate-like behavior. We have also demonstrated that shear heating can unrealistically increase at the zone of weakness for fast subductions if decrease of viscosity is underestimated. 相似文献
117.
A fast intensity-hue-saturation fusion technique with spectral adjustment for IKONOS imagery 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Te-Ming Tu Huang P.S. Chung-Ling Hung Chien-Ping Chang 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE》2004,1(4):309-312
Among various image fusion methods, intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) technique is capable of quickly merging the massive volumes of data. For IKONOS imagery, IHS can yield satisfactory "spatial" enhancement but may introduce "spectral" distortion, appearing as a change in colors between compositions of resampled and fused multispectral bands. To solve this problem, a fast IHS fusion technique with spectral adjustment is presented. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can provide better performance than the original IHS method, both in processing speed and image quality. 相似文献
118.
119.
120.
南秦岭十里坪锑矿床成矿时代及成因的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
十里坪锑矿床受赵川陆缘隆_滑构造的主滑脱拆离带的控制。矿体呈脉状赋存于韧_脆性主滑脱带上部的脆性次级断层_节理中,矿石类型主要为萤石石英辉锑矿型。围岩为太古宙_元古宙变质岩系,围岩蚀变弱。成矿流体属H2O_CO2_NaCl体系,流体包裹体盐度w(NaCleq)为3.6%~11.3%,均一温度为109~232℃,形成压力大致为800×105Pa。硫、铅同位素研究表明,矿质主要来源于变火山岩围岩;氢、氧同位素显示,成矿流体以大气降水为主,初步将该矿床定为变质岩源就地式大气降水热液矿床。矿石中萤石Sm_Nd等时线年龄为(392±24)Ma,与南秦岭北部晚古生代拗陷区热水喷流_沉积成矿时代相一致,它们都形成于秦岭微板块泥盆纪非造山裂解阶段。 相似文献