小兴安岭南部早侏罗世二长花岗岩形成时代、地球化学特征及地质意义

通过对小兴安岭南部二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年和岩石地球化学分析,确定了其形成时代及岩石成因。测得二长花岗岩的同位素年龄为188±2Ma,形成于早侏罗世。地球化学特征显示其富硅、富碱,CaO、Fe203、TiO2、MnO、MgO和P2O5的含量较低,A/CNK=0.95~1.12,A/NK=1.17~1.32,属于准铝-弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列岩石;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K和高场强元素Hf、Zr、Th,相对亏损大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P;稀土元素总量(∑REE)较高,配分曲线分布型式为轻稀土元素(LREE)相对富集、重稀土元素(HREE)相对亏损的右倾型,表现出轻微的负Eu异常。元素地球化学特征表明,二长花岗岩显示出I型花岗岩特征。结合区域研究资料,小兴安岭南部早侏罗世二长花岗岩的形成应与古大平洋板块向欧亚大陆下的俯冲作用和蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋向额尔古纳地块之下的俯冲作用,即双向俯冲作用的弧后伸展环境相对应,其岩浆起源于下地壳物质的部分熔融。     

地球极移参数高精度双差分LS+AR预报方法研究

提出基于双差分最小二乘LS+AR模型的高精度极移参数预报方法。首先,对极移数据进行双差分处理,用以增强数据平稳性,获取差分极移数据,并采用LS方法对差分极移数据进行拟合,获取极移残差数据;其次,利用AR模型对极移残差数据进行预报;然后,综合LS外推预报值与AR模型预报值获取差分极移预报值;最后,对差分极移预报结果进行逆双差分处理,获取高精度的极移预报值。将该方法应用于实际极移参数预报中,结果表明,1d的极移X分量(PMX)预报精度优于0.25mas,极移Y分量(PMY)预报精度优于0.2mas。将该预报结果与国际EOP_PCC预报结果对比表明,极移短期预报精度与EOP_PCC预报结果相当,1d的预报精度略优于EOP_PCC预报结果。     

Freshwater-Saltwater Mixing Effects on Dissolved Carbon and CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Outgassing of a Coastal River Entering the Northern Gulf of Mexico

The delivery of dissolved carbon from rivers to coastal oceans is an important component of the global carbon budget. From November 2013 to December 2014, we investigated freshwater-saltwater mixing effects on dissolved carbon concentrations and CO₂ outgassing at six locations along an 88-km-long estuarine river entering the Northern Gulf of Mexico with salinity increasing from 0.02 at site 1 to 29.50 at site 6 near the river’s mouth. We found that throughout the sampling period, all six sites exhibited CO₂ supersaturation with respect to the atmospheric CO₂ pressure during most of the sampling trips. The average CO₂ outgassing fluxes at site 1 through site 6 were 162, 177, 165, 218, 126, and 15 mol m^?2 year^?1, respectively, with a mean of 140 mol m^?2 year^?1 for the entire river reach. In the short freshwater river reach before a saltwater barrier, 0.079 × 10⁸ kg carbon was emitted to the atmosphere during the study year. In the freshwater-saltwater mixing zone with wide channels and river lakes, however, a much larger amount of carbon (3.04 × 10⁸ kg) was emitted to the atmosphere during the same period. For the entire study period, the river’s freshwater discharged 0.25 × 10⁹ mol dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and 1.77 × 10⁹ mol dissolved organic carbon (DOC) into the mixing zone. DIC concentration increased six times from freshwater (0.24 mM) to saltwater (1.64 mM), while DOC showed an opposing trend, but to a lesser degree (from 1.13 to 0.56 mM). These findings suggest strong effects of freshwater-saltwater mixing on dissolved carbon dynamics, which should be taken into account in carbon processing and budgeting in the world’s estuarine systems.     

地震资料连片解释方法研究新疆准东煤田局部区域地质规律

新疆准东煤田面积大,聚煤环境复杂。因该区勘探时间、队伍和目的的差异,呈现出勘探区块划分零乱、勘探程度与区块测量分带精度不一的局面,致使相邻区块接壤处存在明显解释误差。为了准确掌握煤层的赋存规律,为煤炭开采提供可靠的地质依据,对准东煤田9个勘探区计2 127km2的地震资料进行了连片解释。通过对各勘探区的地震、钻探、测量等资料进行收集、整合,以及坐标转换、波型统一、时差校正等处理,消除了区块边界效应,准确地控制了研究区域内西山窑组煤系地层底板的构造形态。