湄洲湾表层沉积物中重金属的地球化学特征

根据1984年湄洲湾表层沉积物中重金属的分析资料,讨论了它们的地球化学特征和主要来源。沉积物中重金属的含量(Fe、Mn、Cu、Ni 的质量分数均值分别为3.21%、730×10~(-6)、19.4×10~(-6)、44×10~(-6)分布比较均匀,Pb、Zn 和Co 含量(质量分数均值分别为47.0×10~(-6)、25.8×10~(-6)和243×10~(-6))偏高,微量金属含量不受Fe-Mn 氧化物和有机物控制,本地区的金属来源受陆源输入的影响明显。     

扇贝的养殖环境及其体内的细菌学分析

自1992年9月～1994年11月，对青岛胶州湾养殖的扇贝及环境中的细菌组成和某些生态学特性进行了调查。养殖区表层海水中异养菌和弧菌平均数各波动于（21．2～39．7）×102／cm3和（7．3～19．2）×102／cm3之间。其中1号和4号站位的菌数比其它越位都高，这和它们靠近码头，受到附近的排水污染有关。在扇贝的消化盲囊和性腺内也分离到异养菌和弧菌，分别为103～105个g和103～105个／g。这些细菌可能因扇贝遇到环境改变防御能力下降时，扩散到其它器官并大量繁殖，因而造成感染而死亡。从对分离菌的药物敏感试验结果看，近年一些菌株对原来敏感的药物产生了抗药性，如四环索和链霉素，今后在育苗过程中避免滥用抗菌药物是十分重要的。     

扇贝外套腔内的共栖生纤毛虫 Ⅰ.蠕状康纤虫(Cohnilembus verminus)的形态学研究

研究扇贝外套腔内栖生的纤毛虫一蠕状康纤虫Cohnilembusverminus（Muller，1786）的形态、核器及纤毛图式。结果显示其口器结构为；M1呈单列结构，约占体长的1／2，M2由4组毛基粒构成，PM起自M2末端，Sc约由5个毛基粒构成。此外，还列表比较了不同作者报导的C．verminus种群及其它6种已知的康纤虫的主要性状特征。     

南海深海盆地沉积柱样中的浊流沉积

本文根据南海深海盆地三个沉积柱样的粒度结构、地球化学、微体古生物等特征分析,深讨了南海深海盆地细粒沉积物的浊积现象。结果表明,位于南海北部陆架斜坡上KL37孔的浊流沉积现象并不明显;位于陆架斜坡和深海盆地交界处的KL29孔存在着大量的浊积层,属于浊流沉积和半远洋沉积环境;位于南海盆地中部的KL91孔虽然已属于远洋性沉积环境,但除出现火山灰沉积外,浊流沉积作用仍然是相当活跃的。     

Molecular identification of bloom-forming species Phaeocystis globosa (Pryninesiophyta) and its dispersal based on rDNA ITS sequence analysis

The colony-forming Phaeocystis species are causative agents of dense bloom occurrences in coastal waters worldwide. It is difficult to separate them because of the different morphologies associated with their colonial stages. In this study we applied molecular approaches to analyze the genetic variation of Phaeocystis globosa and Phaeocystis pouchetii from several geographic regions, and to assist in tracing the dispersal of bloom-forming Phaeocystis species in coastal waters of China. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of rDNA and the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene of Phaeocystis strains were determined. Sequence comparison shows that P.globosa was the most divergent to P. pouchetii, exhibiting sequence divergence higher than 0.08. However, lower genetic divergences existed between strains of P.globosa. The sequence comparison of the Phaeocystis rDNA ITS clearly shows that the species isolated from the southeast coast of China is identified as P.globosa rather than P. cf. pouchetii or other species. Furthermore, the significance of rDNA variation in distinct global populations of P.globosa suggested it might have had sufficient time to accumulate detectable mutations at the rDNA locus, supporting the hypothesis of ancient dispersal of P.globosa to many areas, meaning that P.globosa blooms in the coastal waters of China are endemic rather than a newly introduced species or a foreign source. Finally, based on the high divergent region of rDNA ITS, a pair of species-specific primers for P.globosa were designed, they could be useful to detect the presence of this species in mixed plankton assemblages or flagellate stages that are recognized with diffculties by means of conventional microscopy.     

中国沿岸水域养殖贝类及其养殖笼网污损苔虫7新种

拟小孔苔虫属Microporella和斑孔苔虫属Fenestrulina均隶于唇口目Cheilostomida有囊亚目Ascophorina皮壳次目 Lepraliomorpha裂孔超科Schizoporelloidea拟小孔苔虫科Microporellidae。这两个属的主要区别在于：拟小孔苔虫属具有鸟头体，而斑孔苔虫属无鸟头体。我们在研究中国沿岸水域养殖贝类及其养殖笼网的污损苔虫时发现，中国一些学者以前所报道的“纤毛拟小孔苔虫”并非 Pallas(1766)所鉴定的种，而是包括不同于纤毛拟小孔苔虫Microporella ciliata Pallas，1766的5个不同的独立种，即本文所描述的拟小孔苔虫属的5个新种：空穴拟小孔苔虫 Microporella vacuatus sp.nov.、小筛网拟小孔苔虫Microporella cribellata sp.nov.、无齿拟小孔苔虫Microporella inermis sp.nov.、异北方拟小孔苔虫 Microporella antiborealis sp.nov.和项链拟小孔苔虫 Microporella monilifera sp.nov.。这5个新种与纤毛拟小孔苔虫的主要区别是:5新种的口刺为2~6根，除无齿拟小孔苔虫的口上卵胞仅具一列边缘孔外，其他4新种卵胞前表面还有分散的穿孔；而纤毛拟小孔苔虫的口刺为6根，口上卵胞细颗粒状，无穿孔。研究中我们还发现前人所定名为“马氏斑孔苔虫”的种并非 Audouin(1826)所描述的种，而是4种不同于马氏斑孔苔虫 Fenestrulina mallusii Audouin，1826的独立种，其中两种不属于污损苔虫的范畴，另外的两种即本文所描述的斑孔苔虫属的两新种，即中华斑孔苔虫Fenestrulina Sinica sp.nov.和东方斑孔苔虫Fenestrulina orientalis sp.nov.。这两个新种与马氏斑孔苔虫的主要区别在于：两新种口刺均为4~6根，受孕个虫有2根裸露的口刺；而马氏斑孔苔虫的口刺为2~3根，受孕个虫无裸露的口刺。     

纳米碳酸钙材料的工业合成与应用

该文对目前工业上生产纳米碳酸钙的方法作了较为详细的综述。对一步碳化法、两步碳化法、多段喷雾碳化法、旋转填充床碳化反应器碳化技术制备链形、纺锤形、球形、立方形等不同形状的纳米碳酸钙材料的方法进行了比较和总结     

Nitrogen forms and decomposition of organic carbon in the southern Bohai Sea core sediments

Study on form characteristics of nitrogen in marine sediments is the primary method to research its biogeochemical cycling and nitrogen form characteristics in core sediments can reflect the process and results of early diagenesis in a certain degree. In this paper, Sequential extraction process in natural grain size was used for studying the existent forms of nitrogen in five core sediments of the southern Bohai Sea for the first time. Nitrogen was divided into two parts -transferable and fixed based on whether it could be extracted by the reagent. Distributions and early diagenesis of transferable nitrogen forms in the southern Bohai Sea were researched integratedly. Results indicate that IEF - N and OSF-N are predominant forms in transferable part in the studied core sediments. Contents of different nitrogen forms vary differently with depth, and have different diagenesis process. Decomposition constant of organic nitrogen (ON) and OC are about 15.51 × 10~(-3)a~(-1)and 4.79× 10~(-3)a~(-1) respective     

东海虾类的生态群落与区系特征

有关东海的虾类，刘瑞玉(1959，1963，1964)、董聿茂(1959，1980，1986)等已做过大量的调查研究。近10多年来，由于东海传统的主要经济鱼类资源衰退，捕食虾类的鱼类减少，因此，使虾类生存空间扩大，这有利于虾类资源的繁衍生长，使虾类资源发生量增多，数量增长较快。东海区三省一市近几年虾类产量达到80×104~90×104t，其中浙江省为60×104~70×104t，拖虾作业已成为东海区一大作业方式，对促进海洋捕捞业的发展起重要作用。20世纪80年代中后期，我们开展了东海虾类资源开发调查，尔后又继续与拖虾生产船相结合进行监测调查，积累了一些资料，本文就东海虾类生态群落结构与区系特征进行探讨。     

乳糖诱导重组别藻蓝蛋白(rAPC)在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中的表达

采用廉价的乳糖替代IPTG诱导重组别藻蓝蛋白(rAPC)在大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)JM109中表达,对诱导产物表达的培养基、培养条件、诱导剂的浓度和诱导时机进行了优化,将优化条件用于5L自控发酵罐进行高密度培养。结果表明,对rAPC表达的条件进行优化后,乳糖诱导rAPC的表达率可达26.8%,与IPTG的诱导结果接近;在高密度培养中,OD600最大达21.8。研究结果可为乳糖替代IPTG大规模生产rAPC奠定基础。