The natural enrichment of ferruginous weathering products and its implication for water quality in the Hunchun Basin, China

In order to evaluate the extent of a natural enrichment of Fe and Mn over the whole of the Hunchun Basin, the stability of Fe-Mn mineral phases, their status, the weathering rate of source materials, and soil characteristics were determined. A variety of samples were collected from sediments, soil profiles, and surface soils. In the solutions after a sequentially selective dissolution using sodium pyrophosphate (p), acid oxalate (o), and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (d), Si, Al and Fe were dominant in the d and p fractions, and Mn in the o and p fractions. The results showed that the existing phases and status of Fe and Mn were distinctly different, and that the abundance of amorphous Mn phases made thermodynamic calculation difficult. An application of these ferruginous weathering products was therefore made to understand basin development. The first terrace of the Hunchun River is more active than the second terrace, which can be inferred from it having a higher value in Fe_d/Fe_t. Amorphous Fe phases such as Fe(OH)₃ and Fe₃(OH)₈ were controlling factors of Fe in the thermodynamic calculations. The transformation of the amorphous Fe phases to more stable phases was hindered by high contents of smectite and gibbsite, amorphous opaline produced from rice roots, and organic phosphate pesticides or fertilizers in soils. Source-rock deduction using water samples suggested granitic weathering. Precipitation around the Hunchun Basin is gradually becoming more acidic. Therefore, in the future it is inevitable that ecological and environmental problems related to the Fe phases mentioned above will occur in the drinking water supply for this area, especially in that of the first terrace.     

地震灾场的模拟与模拟控制问题研究（Ⅰ）地震灾场模拟

本文将离散事件系统仿真的方法引入到地震工程研究之中．在论述地震灾场模拟与离散事件系统仿真的共性与差异的基础上，以城市地震次生火灾的发生与扑救过程为背景，发展了场、时域复合仿真模型，提出了城市地震灾场的综合模拟算法．实例研究表明，本文建议的地震灾场模拟算法可以揭示复合型工程系统地震反应的一系列特征参数。     

地震前兆异常迁移速率的非线性变化特征及其力学解释

通过对长期，中短期以及短前兆异常迁移速率的研究，发现长期，中短期，短临前兆异常分别以每年１０，１００，１０００ｋｍ的量级向震中迁移，异常迁移速率不是线性增加，而为非线性递增，从理论上对前兆异常迁移性的存在与迁移速率的非线性变化进行了分析。这对不同时期的前兆异常判断以及地震的预测具有重要意义。     

图象恢复在工业CT中的应用

对于以影象增强器为检测系统的目标旋转式工业ＣＴ，分析了其图象退化的因素，采用对一维投影数据进行图象恢复的方法来提高ＣＴ图象质量。文中给出图象恢复公式，从计算机模拟和实验图象恢复的结果可看到所用方法提高了图象清晰度。     

前汛期北江洪水过程水汽汇与河水流量的关系

本文分析了１９８０－１９８４年４－６月和１９９４年６月洪水过程北江流域的大气水汽汇特征及其与河水流量的关系。结果表明：前汛期洪水过程的前期大乞一般连续存在超过一定值的较强水汽汇，时间为１周左右，洪水的发生是强水汽汇连续产生的径流的积累所致；北江流域洪水期水汽汇的极大峰一般比石角站的洪峰流量超前２天左右，本文结果为洪水的预报提供一条新思路。     

东海陆架平湖海域改造砂沉积特征

东海陆架平湖海域分布的改造砂。其物质来源为晚更新世末生成的沙脊物质,是在晚更新世末至全新世初期间,原始物质被掀起再沉积的产物。     

用地层倾角测井资料解释复杂构造的方法

倾角测井矢量图可以标示出井眼范围内各深度点的地层产状，一定的地层构造形态在矢量图上有一定的倾角矢量组合模式。通过正演计算，总结出了１９种褶曲和断层等构造组合模式的样板及在一口井内各构造模式间的“串”、“缺”、“嵌”连接规律。对照组合模式样板进行矢量组合模式识别，采用“倾角矢量逐点叠加法”，可把井眼范围纵向排列的倾角矢量转换成任意方位的地层视产状，绘制构造剖面图。用多个剖面的地层空间坐标数据可绘制倾角构造平面图，确定钻遇构造的形态。据此原理，编制了一套倾角测井构造解释软件系统。     

基于计算机视觉的专题图读取系统

本文提出了一种基于计算机视觉的专题图读取系统方案。该系统用CCD相机获取专题图影象,通过线划跟踪、弧段矢量化、拓扑结构形成、数据压缩、几何纠正与拼接等步骤,实现专题图的自动读取,继而进行各种几何量算和统计,建立专题信息库     

Longitudinal heating gradient: Another possible factor influencing the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation

The Largest longitudinal heating gradients in the tropics exist between the African desert and Asian convective regions during summer once the South Asian monsoon is established. The heating gradients are anchored by the la-tent heat release and net radiative flux convergence over the monsoon region, and by the dominant net radiative flux divergence over the desert.An apparent relationship is found between the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation and the longitudinal healing gradients mentioned, in addition to the latitudinal heating gradients cross the monsoon region. The monsoon circulation measured in terms of the zonal wind component is stronger when the longitudinal heating gradients are large, and vice versa. Thus, we claim that the longitudinal heating gradient may be another important factor which influences the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation. There is little evidence that the interannual variability of the longitudinal heating gradients between Africa and Asia and, thus, the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation, is a strong function of the El Nino / Southern Oscillation cycle.