全文获取类型
收费全文 | 823篇 |
免费 | 21篇 |
国内免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 13篇 |
大气科学 | 61篇 |
地球物理 | 266篇 |
地质学 | 264篇 |
海洋学 | 125篇 |
天文学 | 64篇 |
综合类 | 17篇 |
自然地理 | 57篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 40篇 |
2013年 | 60篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 46篇 |
2010年 | 32篇 |
2009年 | 46篇 |
2008年 | 45篇 |
2007年 | 31篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 32篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 26篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有867条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Sheng Hua Tan Shi Wei Wong Du Jia Chin Min Lee Lee Ying Hui Ong Siaw Yah Chong Azman Kassim 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(16):589
Rainfall-induced landslide is a common geohazard in tropical and humid regions. Capillary barrier system (CBS) is a popular and widely studied mitigating measure for rainfall-induced landslides. However, several previous studies have shown that the performance of the conventional CBS under intense rainfalls has not been particularly convincing. This paper aims to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of a newly proposed system, known as “biomediated capillary barrier system” (B-CBS) in minimizing water infiltration into soil. A one-dimensional soil column was used to investigate the infiltration characteristics of the proposed system. The results showed that the B-CBS of biomediated residual soil overlying original residual soil (Test IV) could effectively control the infiltration into soil by taking advantage of the less-permeable biomediated soil cover. The B-CBS of biomediated residual soil overlying gravelly sand (Test V) and the three-layered B-CBS of fine sand overlying gravelly sand and biomediated residual soil (Test VI) showed the best performance in terms of minimizing the water infiltration. A suction of about 5 kPa still remained in the soil column after 60 min of infiltration from the ponded water on the soil surface. 相似文献
42.
Measuring and analyzing internal dam temperature may provide insight into evaluating the integrity of earthen dams. Temperature in a dam, with the advent of modern distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technique, is conveniently measured. The analysis of the temperature is conducted based on a hydro-thermal coupled analysis technique. In this study, DTS-based temperature data and VS2DHI (a finite difference code for analyzing two-dimensional heat transport in porous media) were used to analyze the hydro-thermal coupled behavior in a dam. The results of this analysis show that the temperature variation in an earthen dam is closely related to seepage conditions. Additionally, a localized high-temperature (26 °C) zone found in the measured data of the dam, which raised concern to engineers on site, is explained through either hot water infiltration into the foundation layer or lower permeability of the foundation layer than the magnitude that appeared in the design document. These findings demonstrate that hydro-thermal coupled analysis has the potential for evaluating the integrity of earthen dams. 相似文献
43.
The occurrence of anthropogenic sinkholes in urban areas can lead to severe socioeconomic losses. A damaged underground sewer pipe is regarded as one of the primary causes of such a phenomenon. This study adopted the best subsets regression method to produce a logistic regression model that evaluates the susceptibility for sinkholes induced by damaged sewer pipes. The model was developed by analyzing the sewer pipe network as well as cases of sinkholes in Seoul, South Korea. Among numerous sewer pipe characteristics tested as explanatory variables, the length, age, elevation, burial depth, size, slope, and materials of the sewer pipe were found to influence the occurrence of sinkhole. The proposed model reasonably estimated the sinkhole susceptibility in the area studied, with an area value under the receiver-operating characteristics curve of 0.753. The proposed methodology will serve as a useful tool that can help local governments to choose a cavity inspection regime, and to prevent sinkholes induced by damaged sewer pipes. 相似文献
44.
Modeling thematic and spatial dynamic behaviors of urban heat islands (UHIs) over time is important for understanding the evolution of this phenomenon to mitigate the warming effect in urban areas. Although previous studies conceptualized that a UHI only has a single life cycle with spatial behaviors, a UHI can be detected to appear and disappear several times periodically in terms of thematic and spatial integrated behaviors. Such multiple behaviors have not yet been illustrated with proof or evidence. This study conceptualizes a UHI as an object which has thematic and spatial behaviors simultaneously and proposes several graphs to depict periodic life‐cycle transitions triggered by behaviors. The conceptualized behaviors have been modeled and implemented in an object‐relational database management system and temperature readings collected from numerous weather stations were interpolated as temperature images per hour. The results of this study indicate that the model could track the spatial and thematic evolution of UHIs continuously and reveal their periodical patterns and abnormal cases. 相似文献
45.
Ocean Science Journal - Diel and gastrointestinal changes in relation to the feeding intensity and prey composition of Apogon lineatus were investigated through the analysis of the diet contents of... 相似文献
46.
Amy E. Draut Patrick E. Hart Thomas D. Lorenson Holly F. Ryan Florence L. Wong Ray W. Sliter James E. Conrad 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2009,30(3):193-206
Small, steep, uplifting coastal watersheds are prolific sediment producers that contribute significantly to the global marine
sediment budget. This study illustrates how sedimentation evolves in one such system where the continental shelf is largely
sediment-starved, with most terrestrial sediment bypassing the shelf in favor of deposition in deeper basins. The Santa Barbara–Ventura
coast of southern California, USA, is considered a classic area for the study of active tectonics and of Tertiary and Quaternary
climatic evolution, interpretations of which depend upon an understanding of sedimentation patterns. High-resolution seismic-reflection
data over >570 km2 of this shelf show that sediment production is concentrated in a few drainage basins, with the Ventura and Santa Clara River
deltas containing most of the upper Pleistocene to Holocene sediment on the shelf. Away from those deltas, the major factor
controlling shelf sedimentation is the interaction of wave energy with coastline geometry. Depocenters containing sediment
5–20 m thick exist opposite broad coastal embayments, whereas relict material (bedrock below a regional unconformity) is exposed
at the sea floor in areas of the shelf opposite coastal headlands. Locally, natural hydrocarbon seeps interact with sediment
deposition either to produce elevated tar-and-sediment mounds or as gas plumes that hinder sediment settling. As much as 80%
of fluvial sediment delivered by the Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers is transported off the shelf (some into the Santa Barbara
Basin and some into the Santa Monica Basin via Hueneme Canyon), leaving a shelf with relatively little recent sediment accumulation.
Understanding factors that control large-scale sediment dispersal along a rapidly uplifting coast that produces substantial
quantities of sediment has implications for interpreting the ancient stratigraphic record of active and transform continental
margins, and for inferring the distribution of hydrocarbon resources in relict shelf deposits. 相似文献
47.
In situ Microphytobenthic community dynamics were combined with laboratory measurement of predominant species by fluorescence methods to estimate the areal primary production. Field investigation of community dynamics of microphytobenthos (MPB) was conducted from August 2006 to August 2007 in intertidal flats of the Nakdong River estuary, Korea. MPB Biomass varied between 0.47 and 16.58 μg cm?3 in the surface 1 cm sediment, with two dominant diatom species, Amphora coffeaeformis and Navicula sp., occupying average 77.2 ± 14.9% of total number of MPB cells. The biomass was higher in the slightly muddy sand sites than that in the sand site, and showed different pattern of seasonal variation. The profile of vertical distribution of biomass was an exponential decrease trend with depth in sediments. The biomass proportions in the uppermost 3 mm were 57.6% and 37.8% with and without the presence of biofilm, respectively. The two dominant species were cultured in laboratory, and their photosynthetic parameters, rETRmax (relative maximum electron transport rate), α (light utilization coefficient) and E k (light saturation parameter) were derived from rETR (relative ETR)-irradiance curves by Imaging- PAM (pulse amplitude modulated) fluorometry. The rETR-irradiance curves showed no significant difference of photosynthetic activities between the two species. The areal potential production ranged from 0.74 to 2.22 g C m?2 d?1. 相似文献
48.
Comparison of ecophysiological characteristics between introduced and indigenous mangrove species in China 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Luzhen Chen Nora F.Y. Tam Jianhui Huang Xueqin Zeng Xiangli Meng Cairong Zhong Yuk-shan Wong Guanghui Lin 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):644-652
Due to its rapid growth, the introduced mangrove species Sonneratia apetala from Bangladesh has been widely used in mangrove restoration in southeastern China since 1985. As an indigenous mangrove species in Hainan, China, Sonneratia caseolaris was also planted in Guangdong Province for afforestation purposes. Both species have developed well in their new habitats, but their ecophysiological differences with the native mangrove species have not been studied. In this study, leaf gas exchange, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of two Sonneratia species were compared with those of selected native mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia candel, and Excoecaria agallocha) in Hainan and Shenzhen. The introduced S. apetala maintained lower carbon assimilation rate (A) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) than the indigenous S. caseolaris. In Shenzhen, the two introduced Sonneratia had comparable photosynthetic rates and water use efficiency (WUE) with the native mangrove species, except that PNUE in S. caseolaris was significantly higher than in the native mangrove species. The two Sonneratia species showed significant overlap in PNUE and long-term WUE. Photosynthetic parameters derived from leaf photosynthetic light–response curves and A–Ci curves also suggested lower carbon assimilation capacities for the introduced Sonneratia than for the native mangrove species in both study sites. The lower light compensation point (LCP) of two introduced Sonneratia in both study sites also indicated a better adaptation to a low light regime than the native mangrove species. The results of photosynthetic capacities indicated that the introduced mangrove species have little competitive advantage over local native mangrove species in their respective new habitats. 相似文献
49.
Dissolved oxygen in seawater has been determined by using the Winkler's reaction scheme for decades. An interference in this reaction scheme that has been heretofore overlooked is the presence of naturally occurring iodate in seawater. Each mole of iodate can result in an apparent presence of 1.5 mol of dissolved oxygen. At the concentrations of iodate in the surface and deep open ocean, it can lead to an overestimation of 0.52 ± 0.15 and 0.63 ± 0.05 μmol kg− 1 of oxygen in these waters respectively. In coastal and inshore waters, the effect is less predictable as the concentration of iodate is more variable. The solubility of oxygen in seawater was likely overestimated in data sources that were based on the Winkler's reaction scheme for the determination of oxygen. The solubility equation of García and Gordon [Garcia H.E., Gordon, L.I., 1992. Oxygen solubility in seawater: Better fitting equations. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37, 1307–1312] derived from the results of Benson and Krause [Benson, F.B., Krause, D. Jr., 1984. The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29, 620–632] is free from this source of error and is recommended for general use. By neglecting the presence of iodate, the average global super-saturation of oxygen in the surface oceans and the corresponding efflux of oxygen to the atmosphere both have been overestimated by about 8%. Regionally, in areas where the degree of super-saturation or under-saturation of oxygen in the surface water is small, such as in the tropical oceans, the net air–sea exchange flux can be grossly under- or overestimated. Even the estimated direction of the exchange can be reversed. Furthermore, the presence of iodate can lead to an overestimation of the saturation anomaly of oxygen in the upper ocean attributed to biological production by 0.23 ± 0.07%. AOU may have been underestimated by 0.52 ± 0.15 and 0.63 ± 0.05 μmol kg− 1 in the surface mixed layer and deep water, while preformed phosphate and preformed nitrate may have been overestimated by 0.004 ± 0.001 and 0.06 ± 0.02 μmol kg− 1 in the surface mixed layer, and 0.005 ± 0.0004 and 0.073 ± 0.006 μmol kg− 1 in the deep water. These are small but not negligible corrections, especially in areas where the values of these parameters are small. At the increasing level of sophistication in the interpretation of oxygen data, this source of error should now be taken into account. Nevertheless, in order to avoid confusion, an internationally accepted standard needs to be adopted before these corrections can be applied. 相似文献
50.
Taro Takahashi Stewart C. Sutherland Rik Wanninkhof Colm Sweeney Richard A. Feely David W. Chipman Burke Hales Gernot Friederich Francisco Chavez Christopher Sabine Andrew Watson Dorothee C.E. Bakker Ute Schuster Nicolas Metzl Hisayuki Yoshikawa-Inoue Masao Ishii Takashi Midorikawa Yukihiro Nojiri Arne Krtzinger Tobias Steinhoff Mario Hoppema Jon Olafsson Thorarinn S. Arnarson Bronte Tilbrook Truls Johannessen Are Olsen Richard Bellerby C.S. Wong Bruno Delille N.R. Bates Hein J.W. de Baar 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(11):2075-2076