On the metallogenic role of craton terrains in the marginal sea lithosphere

The metallogenic efficiency of the marginal sea lithosphere of Northeastern Asia is associated mainly with the ore formation variety of the remaining cratons and microcratons that defined the structural peculiarity of the region; these are setoffs of the Precambrian basement, brachyform, anticline highs, and genesis of rifts within TMA periods. These formations allowed us to explain the reasons for the unique metal-bearing feature of the marginal sea lithosphere of the Pacific Ocean ore belt in addition to phenomena of an inherited nature of mineralization and conditions of formation of polychronous ore deposits.     

Extremely Fluorine-Rich Fluoborite from Fumarolic Exhalations of the Tolbachik Volcano,Kamchatka

Geology of Ore Deposits - Fluoborite extremely close to the fluorine endmember of the fluoborite Mg3[BO3]F3–hydroxylborite Mg3[BO3](ОН)3 series has been found in exhalations of...     

Simulation of ionosphere-plasmasphere coupling taking into account ion inertia and temperature anisotropy

In this paper we offer a model for the Earth's ionosphere and plasmasphere, allowing for the inertia and anisotropic energy distribution of thermal plasma. A procedure for simultaneous solution of equations of continuity and motion for the O⁺ and H⁺ ions, subject to inertia terms, is described. The model also includes transfer equations for longitudinal and transversal thermal energies. The system of simulating equations and the kinetic equation for superthermal electron spectra are concordantly solved along geomagnetic field lines. Within the framework of the model we developed a study is made of the dynamics of filling of the evacuated plasmaspheric reservoir after a magnetospheric disturbance. It is shown that the filling of the tubes offorce with L ? 3.5 proceeds with supersonic speeds during the first several days and the character of filling differs very much from a diffusion-equilibrium one. The spatio-temporal behavior of electron and ion temperature anisotropy that is formed in the process of filling, is considered. It is found that the value of electron anisotropy can be large. A brief analysis is made of the causes of electron and ion temperature anisotropy.     

A comparative analysis of the accuracy attainable for the local monitoring of Earth’s surface movements and deformation using the GPS and GLONASS navigation satellite systems

This paper is concerned with an experiment that was intended to compare the respective accuracies of local GNSS monitoring using observations by GPS and GLONASS satellites at different elevations above the horizon. We used data from continuous daily observation sessions in a local network during 3 months in the “static” mode. An analysis of parameters that characterize the accuracy and efficiency of displacement determinations showed that the combined GPS + GLONASS data processing has the highest accuracy at elevation angles greater than 15°. It is shown that the accuracy of GLONASS observations is not considerably worse than that of GPS. We note that the time-dependent variation of GLONASS observation is large.     

Identification of Ruptures and their Interaction with Hydrothermal–Magmatic Systems on Northern Paramushir Isl. (Kuril Islands,Russia): 3D Modeling of Tectonic Fragmentation

Geotectonics - Correlation of ruptures with volcanic activities, and related hydrothermal-magmatic systems are studied. In our research we used a set of methods that included analysis of satellite...     

Application of the SP algorithm to the INTERMAGNET magnetograms of the disturbed geomagnetic field

The algorithmic system developed in the Laboratory of Geoinformatics at the Geophysical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, which is intended for recognizing spikes on the magnetograms from the global network INTERMAGNET provides the possibility to carry out retrospective analysis of the magnetograms from the World Data Centers. Application of this system to the analysis of the magnetograms allows automating the job of the experts-interpreters on identifying the artificial spikes in the INTERMAGNET data. The present paper is focused on the SP algorithm (abbreviated from SPIKE) which recognizes artificial spikes on the records of the geomagnetic field. Initially, this algorithm was trained on the magnetograms of 2007 and 2008, which recorded the quiet geomagnetic field. The results of training and testing showed that the algorithm is quite efficient. Applying this method to the problem of recognizing spikes on the data for periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity is a separate task. In this short communication, we present the results of applying the SP algorithm trained on the data of 2007 to the INTERMAGNET magnetograms for 2003 and 2005 sampled every minute. This analysis shows that the SP algorithm does not exhibit a worse performance if applied to the records of a disturbed geomagnetic field.     

Sources of fluids and material for gold and antimony mineralization in the Adychanskii ore region (East Yakutia,Russia)

The peculiarities of fluid inclusions; the O and C isotope composition of host rocks, vein minerals, and inclusions; and the S and Pb isotope composition of sulfides allowed us to distinguish two groups of fluids with a similar temperature, salinity, and source of the aqueous part produced upon metagenesis and mobilized during collisional events. Quartz-A precipitates from the CO₂–H₂O hydrocarbonate–Na fluid with a salinity of 7–10 wt % eq. NaCl at a depth of ～6 km (290–340°C, 1550 bar). Regeneration of quartz (quartz-C), precipitation of quartz-B, and quartz-AB with carbonate and chlorite occurred at a depth from 3.5 to 1.5 km (250–380°C, 1250–900–350 bar) from CO₂–CH₄–N hydrous sulfate–hydrocarbonate Na–Mg fluids with Cl^–, Ca, and K and a salinity of 5–10 wt % eq. NaCl, and a wide variety of impurities. The localization of veins in sinistral shear dislocations and strong heterogeneity in the P–T conditions allow us to explain the formation of fluid-2 by the postcollisional events.